Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of three antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, were monitored in isolated guinea pig glomeruli and primary or subcultured glomerular epithelial cells. Cell injury was assessed by morphologic studies and by measurement of cellular lipid peroxidation (levels of malondialdehyde). Antioxidant enzyme activities were very different in cultured cells than in parent glomeruli. The possible effect of culture substrates (tissue culture plastic, bovine corneal endothelial [BCE] cell basement membrane, and PF-HR-9 endodermal cell basement membrane) on antioxidant enzyme status, cell morphology, and lipid peroxidation was also assessed. Glomerular epithelial cells cultured on the BCE cell basement membrane substrate survived longer and showed less lipid peroxidation than cells cultured on plastic or the HR-9 substrate. Cells cultured on a plastic substrate had substantially less glutathione peroxidase activity than cells cultured on either BCE or HR-9 basement membranes.
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PMID:Effect of cell substrate on antioxidant enzyme activities in cultured renal glomerular epithelium. 334 62

The age-related modifications of the participants to the cerebral enzymatic antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) were evaluated in four brain regions from male Wistar rats aged 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 months. Both the specific enzyme activity and the profile of any enzyme tested markedly differ with age according to the region examined: parieto-temporal cortex, caudate-putamen, substantia nigra and thalamus. This inhomogeneous age-related profile of enzyme activities could explain both the controversial data of literature and the different regional vulnerability of the brain tissue to damage with aging. In rats aged 10, 20, or 30 months, the chronic i.p. treatment for two months with papaverine or ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, dehydroergocriptine) suggests that the antioxidant enzyme activities may be influenced according to the agent utilized, the brain region tested, and the age of the animal. In any case, small differences in the drug structure support marked differences in the type and extent of the intervention on the antioxidant enzymatic system.
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PMID:Changes induced by aging and drug treatment on cerebral enzymatic antioxidant system. 340 73

The effects of chronic intake of dietary alcohol upon left ventricular function, activities of myocardial antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and lipoperoxidation (measured as the formation of diene conjugates and lipid-soluble fluorescence) were studied in adult domestic Nicholas turkeys. The non-invasive evaluation of left ventricular function by echocardiography revealed an impaired contractile function (the calculated fractional shortening values were 31.1 +/- 4.1% in the alcoholic group and 38.8 +/- 4.4% in the controls) and dilatation of the heart in the alcoholic birds. The changes in the non-invasive parameters of the left ventricle indicate that the adult Nicholas turkey developed congestive cardiomyopathy secondary to the ingestion of ethanol. In the hearts of normal adult turkeys, high GSH content (2.39 +/- 0.25 mumol/g wet weight) and superoxide dismutase activity were found, as compared to other animals, indicating the relatively higher development of antioxidant defence systems. Compared to the controls, significant increases were noted for all the antioxidant enzymes investigated (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and a moderately significant decrease in the GSH content was found in the left ventricle of alcoholic birds. The changes in GSH concentration and antioxidant enzyme activities might indirectly indicate some involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced myocardial lesion. However, the levels of in vivo lipoperoxidation in the alcoholic birds did not significantly vary from those of control turkeys. Based on these findings, it appears that the reactive oxygen radicals may play a less important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy in turkeys--probably due to the higher development of myocardial antioxidant defence systems.
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PMID:Alcohol-induced congestive cardiomyopathy in adult turkeys: effects on myocardial antioxidant defence systems. 343

The human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B, which has the hepatitis B virus genome, shows over 80% decrease of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity, over 90% decrease of manganese superoxide dismutase activity, over 70% decrease of catalase activity, absence of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, over 270-fold increase of ferritin content and 25-fold increase of total iron compared to normal autopsy liver. These conditions of low antioxidant enzyme activities and iron overload are those which support the accumulation of oxygen free-radicals and DNA damage commonly considered to be carcinogenic mechanisms.
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PMID:Antioxidant systems in tumour cells: the levels of antioxidant enzymes, ferritin, and total iron in a human hepatoma cell line. 350 92

Exploratory factor analysis of reported specific activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in normal human tissues, normal mouse tissues, vertebrate red blood cells and neoplastic human cell lines shows that the activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in normal tissues are influenced by a single factor. Catalase activity has the highest loading and correlation with this factor, suggesting a catalase- or hydrogen peroxide-related influence. The activity of manganese superoxide dismutase is influenced by a separate factor. The activities of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases in normal tissues therefore appear to be dichotomously regulated. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in vertebrate red blood cells are influenced by a single factor. The activity of catalase is influenced by a separate factor. The roles of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in hydrogen peroxide catabolism in red blood cells in fact differ. In neoplastic human cell lines, two bipolar factor factors appear to influence the activities of catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, respectively. The factors are, however, mainly catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity factors as the loadings and correlations of manganese superoxide dismutase on the one hand and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase on the other, with the respective factors, are relatively small. Potentially low superoxide production and intrinsically low peroxidizability of tumour cell membranes underlie the peculiar variation of antioxidant enzyme activities in tumour cells. Factor analysis is proposed as a heuristic data reduction and hypothesis-creating technique for the variation of antioxidant and other functionally-linked enzyme activities in normal and pathological cells and tissues.
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PMID:Factor analysis of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in normal tissues and neoplastic cell lines. 350 91

Monolayer cultures of fetal rat mixed lung cells respond to sublethal concentrations (50%) of oxygen by a reduced growth rate. Exposure to 95% O2 causes growth arrest and cell loss. In the presence of serum the addition of dexamethasone (5.5 nM), tri-iodothyronine (5.5 nM), or insulin (5 microU/ml) appeared to increase the cytotoxicity of 95% O2. Under growth-arrested conditions, in the absence of serum or elevated O2 concentrations, all three agents influence cellular antioxidant enzyme activities. Dexamethasone (0.055 nM) increased CuZn superoxide dismutase activity by 72% and glutathione peroxidase activity by 94%. Triiodothyronine (5.5 nM) increased CuZn superoxide dismutase activity 93%. Insulin (5 microU/ml) increased CuZn superoxide dismutase activity 90%, and catalase activity 58%. Dexamethasone, but not tri-iodothyronine or insulin, seems to have a protective effect against subsequent acute hyperoxia under serum-free conditions. Local non-hormonal factors may also influence lung cell responses to acute increases in oxygen concentrations, since cells acutely exposed to 50% or 95% O2 release a transferable factor(s) into their culture medium which increases antioxidant enzyme activities of non-hyperoxic lung cells.
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PMID:Hormonal and local factors influence antioxidant enzyme activity of rat fetal lung cells in vitro. 352 18

Fetal rat lung fibroblasts were cultured in a gas phase of 20% O2, 5% CO2 (PO2 measured, 150 Torr) or 2% oxygen, 5% CO2 (PO2 measured, 25 Torr) with or without 100 nM dexamethasone (Dex). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity per cell increased spontaneously during 4 days of incubation at both PO2, but catalase (CAT) activity tended to fall during this time and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed no consistent trend during this interval. Cells cultured at a low PO2 had a lower protein content and SOD activity compared with air controls. Dex inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced intracellular accumulation of protein at the low PO2 but prevented the increase in protein content without affecting cell multiplication at a PO2 of 150 Torr. SOD activity per cell was enhanced by Dex at a low PO2 but reduced in 20% O2, 5% CO2. An increase in CAT and GPx activity per cell resulted on exposing fibroblasts to Dex in the presence of low PO2. These results show that Dex affects the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of fetal lung fibroblasts, and this action of Dex can be modulated by changing the ambient PO2.
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PMID:PO2-dexamethasone interactions in fibroblast growth and antioxidant enzyme activity. 356 58

Whereas guinea pigs have advanced prenatal morphological lung development, their surfactant development is not "precocious" compared with other small laboratory animals. To investigate whether maturation of the antioxidant enzyme (AOE) system coincides more closely with surfactant development or with morphological maturation, we assayed fetal guinea pig lungs at gestational days 49-69 for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. We found that elevations in pulmonary AOE occurred in parallel with increases in surfactant during the final 10-15% of gestation. Since newborn guinea pigs behave more like adult animals in their relative intolerance to hyperoxia, we explored whether prematurely delivered guinea pigs would tolerate high O2 exposure better than full-term newborns. We found that prematures have markedly improved hyperoxic tolerance compared with newborns (time at which 50% of animals died in greater than 95% O2, 6.4 days vs. 4.5 days, respectively, P less than 0.05); and (unlike newborns) premature pups are capable of mounting an elevated AOE response to hyperoxic challenge. Thus premature guinea pigs behave more like full-term newborns of other species in respect to hyperoxic tolerance, an additional precocious feature of guinea pig development.
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PMID:Guinea pig lung development: antioxidant enzymes and premature survival in high O2. 356 1

Adult rats were exposed to room air, 50%, 65%, or 80% oxygen for 6 wk. Subsets were sacrificed periodically in order to establish alterations in growth parameters and lung antioxidant responses. Prolonged exposure to 50% or 65% oxygen did not result in weight loss or changes in lung-to-body weight ratios relative to control values. Treatment with 50% oxygen produced delayed increases in nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity, while treatment with 65% oxygen produced delayed increases in NPSH, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) content. Rats treated for 6 wk with either 50% or 65% oxygen died significantly earlier than room-air control animals when these groups were subsequently exposed to 100% oxygen. Rats exposed to 80% oxygen had significantly decreased body weight, increased lung-to-body weight ratios, and increased levels of NPSH, CAT, GPx, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase by 11 days of treatment. At 6 wk they had significantly altered growth parameters and increased GPx catalase, and NPSH levels. Their final antioxidant profile was not significantly different from 65% oxygen-exposed rats. However, these animals survived significantly longer than any group when exposed to 100% oxygen. In summary, lower concentrations of sublethal hyperoxia (less than or equal to 65%) were capable of eliciting significant antioxidant enzyme responses. Levels of antioxidant enzymes in the lungs of rats chronically exposed to sublethal hyperoxia did not appear to be solely responsible for enhanced survival in subsequent lethal hyperoxia.
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PMID:Adaptation to chronic hyperoxia. Biochemical effects and the response to subsequent lethal hyperoxia. 357

Exposure of several different animal models to O2-induced lung injury has revealed marked differences in sensitivity of various species to O2 damage. These differences may be due in part to variation of cellular antioxidant defenses. To characterize lung antioxidant enzyme activities in different species, we measured lung activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GSH S-trans) in rat, hamster, baboon, and human lung. Soluble lung fractions were also fractionated on Sephadex G-150-S columns and GSH-Px activity was measured using both cumene hydroperoxide and H2O2. This was done to evaluate non-Se-dependent GSH-Px activity in these lung samples. Human lung was obtained at surgery from patients undergoing lobectomy or pneumonectomy for localized lung tumors. SOD activity was similar for all four groups. GSH-Px activity was higher in rat lung than baboon or hamster lung. Lung CAT activity was variable with the highest activity present in the baboon which revealed a lung CAT activity 10 times higher than activity present in the rat. Lung GSH S-trans activities were higher in hamster, baboon, and human lung than in rat lung. Non-Se-dependent GSH-Px was present in rat lung but absent in hamster, baboon, and human lung. We conclude that the hamster was the best model of the animals studied for mimicking human lung antioxidant enzyme activities. Rat lung antioxidant enzyme activities were markedly different from any of the other species examined.
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PMID:Species variation in lung antioxidant enzyme activities. 365 19


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