Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the Pap1 transcription factor in response to long-term Cd(2+) stress. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe wild-type strain and the Deltapap1 mutant, treated with 0.5 mM CdSO(4), were used in antioxidant enzyme and gene expression experiments. The Deltapap1 mutant proved to be sensitive to Cd(2+) in the spot test assay, suggesting that the Pap1 transcription factor plays an important role in the response to Cd(2+) stress. The Cd(2+) uptake was the same in both strains. Determination of the superoxide level in the wild-type strain proved that superoxide was generated, suggesting that long-term Cd(2+) treatment could trigger oxidative stress. Furthermore, the Deltapap1 mutant displayed higher amounts of superoxide. These results were supported by the significantly lower amount of peroxide generated in the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). The Deltapap1 mutant had a significantly lower glutathione S-transferase specific activity than that of the wild-type strain during long-term Cd(2+) stress, caused by the lower GSH and sulfide assimilation. We have demonstrated that GST III activity was not induced by Cd(2+) stress in the Deltapap1 mutant. The overall low GST activity was not sufficient for the cell to eliminate Cd(2+) caused damage and could result in a Cd(2+)-sensitive phenotype of the Deltapap1 mutant. The RT-PCR and Northern blot experiments proved that gst2 was not induced either by short-term or by long-term Cd(2+) treatment. The SPCC965.06 (a putative K(+) ion channel subunit) gene expression increased, while the hmt1 (an ABC-type vacuolar transporter protein) expression decreased in both strains. No detectable alteration in the mRNA levels of, gpx1, hmt2, sod1, sod, and trx1 was observed. SOD enzyme analyses revealed that the absence of Pap1 protein could result in a lower SODs activity and affect the sulfate assimilation. This is the first report on the fact that the Pap1 transcription factor could play an important role in the cellular post-transcriptional/post-translational enzyme activity induction processes of SODs that occur in response to Cd(2+).
 ...
PMID:Gene expressions and enzyme analyses in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Deltapap1 transcription factor mutant exposed to Cd(2+). 1730 22

Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) is one of the most problematic and widespread glyphosate-resistant weeds in the world. This highly competitive weed species significantly interferes with crop growth and substantially decreases crop yield. Despite its agricultural importance, the molecular mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown. The present RNA-Seq study was performed with the goal of identifying differentially expressed candidate transcripts (genes) related to metabolism-based non-target site glyphosate resistance in C. bonariensis. The whole-transcriptome was de novo assembled from glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes of C. bonariensis from Southern Brazil. The RNA was extracted from untreated and glyphosate-treated plants at several timepoints up to 288 h after treatment in both biotypes. The transcriptome assembly produced 90,124 contigs with an average length of 777 bp and N50 of 1118 bp. In response to glyphosate treatment, differential gene expression analysis was performed on glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes. A total of 9622 genes were differentially expressed as a response to glyphosate treatment in both biotypes, 4297 (44.6%) being up- and 5325 (55.4%) down-regulated. The resistant biotype presented 1770 up- and 2333 down-regulated genes while the sensitive biotype had 2335 and 2800 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Among them, 974 up- and 1290 down-regulated genes were co-expressed in both biotypes. In the present work, we identified 41 new candidate target genes from five families related to herbicide transport and metabolism: 19 ABC transporters, 10 CYP450s, one glutathione S-transferase (GST), five glycosyltransferases (GT), and six genes related to antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The candidate genes may participate in metabolic-based glyphosate resistance via oxidation, conjugation, transport, and degradation, plus antioxidation. One or more of these genes might 'rescue' resistant plants from irreversible damage after glyphosate treatment. The 41 target genes we report in the present study may inform further functional genomics studies, including gene editing approaches to elucidate glyphosate-resistance mechanisms in C. bonariensis.
 ...
PMID:Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies New Non-Target Site Glyphosate-Resistance Genes in Conyza bonariensis. 3118 29