Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, fresh blood obtained from six healthy adult male donors was investigated for erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and antioxidative enzyme activity. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation were measured by MDA formation. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were determined in whole blood stored for transfusion purposes. Erythrocyte and plasma MDA levels increased significantly during the storage period from day 3 to day 19 and, after that, stayed unchanged. Erythrocyte MDA increased 100% on day 7 when compared to day 1. The GSH-Px activity significantly decreased after day 9 and SOD decreased after day 13. The reduction in enzyme activities continued until day 27. Our results showed significant alteration in erythrocyte membrane and plasma MDA formation and intracellular antioxidant enzyme status in whole blood used for transfusion. However, we do not know whether such alterations have clinical importances for the recipient.
 ...
PMID:Investigation of malondialdehyde formation and antioxidant enzyme activity in stored blood. 940 67

Recently there has been growing interest in studying the differences between different classes of antihypertensive drugs in preventing cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Hypomagnesemia is common in diabetes mellitus, and correlates to its chronic complications and the associated alteration of the antioxidant enzyme activity. Depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the blood has been demonstrated with myocardial injuries associating hypomagnesemia. A previous study has demonstrated a beneficial effect of metformin hydrochloride (Met), an antihyperglycemic drug, on both magnesium (Mg) and GSH levels in diabetic animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral atenolol, metformin (50 and 60 mg kg[-1] day[-1], respectively) and their combination for 14 days on Mg and GSH levels in blood, liver and heart of diabetic male Wistar rats, as these two parameters have been shown to be altered in diabetics and linked to myocardial ischemic injuries. The results of this investigation showed a state of low levels of Mg and GSH in both blood and liver of the diabetic animals. Treatment with atenolol alone did not change these levels significantly, however administration of metformin or atenolol/metformin increased significantly the GSH levels in both liver and blood, and returned the liver Mg content back to normal values.
 ...
PMID:Influence of atenolol and/or metformin on glutathione and magnesium levels in diabetic rats. 941 50

Liver antioxidant enzyme activities, mRNA abundance, and glutathione (GSH) status were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats placed in an enclosure module aboard Space Shuttle STS-63 for 8 d (F, n = 6). F animals were compared to rats housed in an enclosure module on the ground (G, n = 9), which simulated the vibration and temperature conditions associated with launch and flight, and rats kept under conventional ground vivarium conditions in individual cages (V, n = 6). Spaceflight significantly decreased catalase, GSH reductase, and GSH sulfur-transferase activities in the liver (p < .05). Neither enzyme activity nor enzyme protein content of Cu-Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was affected by flight. The relative abundance of mRNA for Cu-Zn SOD and catalase was significantly decreased comparing F with G rats (p < .05). Spaceflight resulted in a dramatic decrease of liver GSH, glutathione disulfide, and total GSH contents (p < .01), which were accompanied by a lower gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (p < .05). F rats showed a 47% (p < .05) increase in liver malondialdehyde concentration compared to G and V rats. Liver protein content was not affected by flight. These results indicate that spaceflight can downregulate antioxidant defense capacity and elicit an oxidative stress in the liver.
 ...
PMID:Spaceflight downregulates antioxidant defense systems in rat liver. 943 15

Asthma has been reported to be associated with a reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), an important antioxidant enzyme. However, the expression of GSH-Px enzyme activity has not previously been investigated in human eosinophils, which are important inflammatory cells involved in asthma. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting demonstrated that eosinophils express GSH-Px mRNA and the relative expression of GSH-Px was greater in eosinophils than in neutrophils for both asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. The presence of GSH-Px protein in eosinophil and neutrophil lysates was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography and by Western blotting. GSH-Px enzyme activity as measured by a spectrophotometric assay was greater in eosinophil (48.4+/-1.6 micromol NADPH oxidized x min(-1) x g(-1) protein) than in neutrophil lysates (18.1+/-0.4, n = 24, P < 0.0001). GSH-Px activities of eosinophils and neutrophils from asthmatic subjects did not differ from those of non-asthmatic subjects. Eosinophil GSH-Px activity was correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil count only in asthmatic subjects (rs = 0.59, n = 12, P = 0.04). Increased GSH-Px expression in eosinophils compared with neutrophils of asthmatic patients may provide antioxidant protection against the greater amounts of reactive oxygen species generated by these cells and may enhance the survival of eosinophils at sites of inflammation in asthma.
 ...
PMID:Glutathione peroxidase activity and mRNA expression in eosinophils and neutrophils of asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. 946 82

Swiss-Albino male rats were exposed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) (10 ppm) one hour daily for 60 days and the effect on the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities was studied. Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of 30 rats (14 controls and 16 sulfur dioxide groups) were measured. There were no significant differences in the catalase and G-6-PD activities of SO2 group as compared with controls. GSH-Px and GST activities in SO2 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. But, there was a significant decrease in the SOD activity. The rate of TBARS formation was enhanced significantly in erythrocytes of the SO2 group relative to the control group. These results reveal that SO2 inhalation enhanced lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte and influence the antioxidant enzymes of erythrocyte.
 ...
PMID:Effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on antioxidant enzyme activities in rat erythrocytes. 947 62

Chick embryos were treated with different concentrations (25 and 75 mumoles/kg egg wt.) of zinc on the 14th day of embryonic development. The levels of thiobarbuturic acid reacting substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were measured in both hepatic and brain tissues after different time intervals (24 h, 72 h and 120 h) of zinc exposure. Increased levels of TBARS were observed after 24 h of zinc treatment and thereafter (72 h and 120 h) the levels were decreased in both the tissues. Significant induction was observed in antioxidant enzyme activities in both the tissues after 24 h and 72 h when compared to 120 h. However, the GSH levels were increased at 24 h and 72 h and thereafter decreased in both the tissues at 120 h. The elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes at 24 h and 72 h may be responsible for the reduction of TBARS at 72 h and 120 h in developing chick embryos.
 ...
PMID:Effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in hepatic and brain tissues of chick embryos. 950 49

This study was carried out in order to determine the role of melatonin in preventing lipid peroxidation due to acute ethanol intoxication. Male Wistar Albino rats, 2.5-3 months old, were divided into two groups. Melatonin (in 1% ethanol, 2 mg kg-1 body weight) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 21 days to experimental rats whereas controls received 1% ethanol only. On day 21, 6 g kg-1 body weight ethanol was injected to half of the animals in each group and the remainder were kept as corresponding controls. Animals were killed 5 h after ethanol injection. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) were determined in liver tissue homogenates. MDA levels were increased whereas GSH levels tend to decrease following alcohol injection. Melatonin administration prior to ethanol did not alter MDA and GSH levels of tissue and among antioxidant defence enzymes studied, only CuZn-SOD was found to be increased in animals that received melatonin + ethanol. According to the findings of this study, melatonin did not appear to have any direct effect on alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation.
 ...
PMID:The effect of melatonin administration on ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. 950 78

Changes in the integrity, ultrastructure, phagocytosis capacity, and production of H2O2, O2.- and NO2- were evaluated in cultured neutrophils. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase-CAT, superoxide dismutase-SOD and glutathione-dependent peroxidase-GSH-Px) were measured under similar conditions. The integrity of the cells remained unchanged up to 18 h. After 24 h, the number of viable cells in culture dropped by 16 per cent. The percentage of viable cells in culture was of 72 per cent even after 72 h. An ultrastructural analysis of the cells was carried out after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in culture. Neutrophils started developing morphologic changes after 24 h: decreased cell volume, abundant vacuoles (mainly around the nucleus), and also the presence of autophagic vacuoles. This period was then chosen for the study of neutrophil function and antioxidant enzyme activities. Neutrophils cultured for 24 h presented reduced phagocytosis capacity. The rates of production of H2O2 and O2.- remained unchanged after 24 h in culture. Concomitantly, these cells were also able to produce NO in significant amounts. The production of O2.- in response to PMA stimulus was lowered in 24-h cultured cells. Possibly, the production of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species accomplished with a decrease in the activities of CAT and GSH-Px play a key role for the process of apoptosis which takes place in neutrophils under these conditions.
 ...
PMID:Percentage of phagocytosis, production of O2.-, H2O2 and NO, and antioxidant enzyme activities of rat neutrophils in culture. 951 59

Free radical-mediated damage to vascular cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of glucose-induced oxidative stress in both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pericytes and the effect on antioxidant enzyme gene expression and activities. Porcine aortic VSMC and retinal pericytes were cultured in either 5 or 25 mmol/l glucose for 10 days. Intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured as a marker of peroxidative damage, and mRNA expression of CuZn-SOD, MnSOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured by Northern analysis. Glutathione (GSH) was also measured. There was a significant increase in MDA in VSMCs in 25 mmol/l glucose (1.34 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.24 nmol/mg protein, 5 vs. 25 mmol/l D-glucose, mean +/- SE, n = 15, P < 0.01), but not in pericytes (0.38 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg protein, n = 11). There was a significant decrease in GSH in both cell types (VSMC, 1.40 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.12 nmol/mg protein, n = 15, P < 0.001; pericytes, 1.97 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.16 nmol/mg protein, n = 11, P < 0.001). mRNA expression of CuZnSOD and MnSOD was increased only in VSMCs (by 58.5 +/- 8.1 and 41.0 +/- 6.9%, respectively, n = 8, P < 0.01). CuZnSOD protein was increased by approximately 120% (P < 0.00001). None of the antioxidant enzyme activities was altered between 5 and 25 mmol/l glucose in either cell type. Both MnSOD activities and GSH concentrations were higher in pericytes compared with VSMC under basal (5 mmol/l) conditions (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02, respectively). These results demonstrate glucose-induced reduction of GSH in both cells, but only in VSMC is there evidence of oxidant damage in the form of lipid peroxidation, implying significant differences in intracellular responses to glucose between contractile cells in the macro- and microvasculature.
 ...
PMID:Glucose-induced oxidative stress in vascular contractile cells: comparison of aortic smooth muscle cells and retinal pericytes. 958 53

Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and endogenous hepatic antioxidant status were investigated in hypertensive, 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed a standard commercial rat chow. Total plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations were similar between both rat strains; however, systolic blood pressure in SHR was greater than in WKY at 13 weeks of age (197 +/- 12 vs. 132 +/- 14 mmHg; p < or = 0.05), confirming hypertension in SHR. Total plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were lower (p < or = 0.05) in SHR compared with WKY. A lower (p < 0.05) HDL cholesterol level in SHR plasma resulted in a higher LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio compared with WKY counterparts. No significant differences in the relative proportion of HDL apolipoprotein A-I fraction were observed between SHR and WKY. Both SHR VLDL and HDL triacylglycerol fractions were lower (p < 0.05) in SHR than WKY. Analysis of liver antioxidant enzyme activities showed no differences in rat liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), but lower (p < 0.05) liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in SHR. However, liver glutathione (GSH) levels were similar in SHR and WKY counterparts. A possible compensatory effect to the oxidative status of SHR was suggested by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in both liver catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) activities. Despite these results, in vitro oxidative challenge studies with H2O2 demonstrated a greater susceptibility of liver to GSH depletion in the SHR, although no parallel change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production was observed. The comparatively lower plasma cholesterol observed in hypertensive SHR paralleled specific differences in liver catalase and glutathione redox antioxidant enzyme activities.
 ...
PMID:Plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition and hepatic antioxidant status in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats. 963 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>