Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P30044 (antioxidant enzyme)
 8,037 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Maras Powder (MP) is a special kind of smokeless tobacco widely used in the southeast region of Turkey especially in Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep and other southeastern cities. It is obtained from a tobacco species, Nicotiana rustica L and ash of oak or grapevine wood. Tobacco may increase oxidative stress, which is related to the products of the oxygen metabolism taking place in all cells. Cellular antioxidants, e.g. catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protect the cell against oxidative damage. An imbalance between the ROS and antioxidants in favour of ROS is described as oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MP on antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid peroxidation. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), CAT, SOD and G6PD levels in blood of 68 MP users and 30 healthy controls who did not use MP. CAT, SOD and G6PD levels were lower in MP users than in the controls. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA), one of the best indicators of cytological damage, was increased in MP users compared with the controls. The present study showed that MP increases oxidative stress, which may cause many systemic disorders, including arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:The effects of Maras powder (smokeless tobacco) on oxidative stress in users. 1524 83

The alterations in activity of some antioxidant enzymes and the content of intermediate and final lipids per oxidation (LPO) in walls of different blood vessels during hyperadrenalinaemia were studied. An inversely proportional dependency between the degree of antioxidant activity of tissues and the level of accumulation of LPO was discovered. The dependency of studied indices on the duration of action of pathogenic factor was determined. The discovered dynamics of LPO accumulation in tissues and compensatory activation of antioxidant enzymes indicates on the active energy-dependent adapting feature of the mentioned alterations; the efficiency of cell adaptation to hyperadrenalinaemia and its consequences is likely to depend on the initial level of energy metabolism in the tissue and on possibilities of its maximal increase. The similarity in alterations in LPO content and antioxidant activity in organs was discovered; this fact is possibly determined by stereotype in mechanisms of pathogenesis of hyperadrenaline violations in arteriosclerosis. The obtained results can be used for more profound understanding of interdependence between the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid mechanisms of cell injury and their role in pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
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PMID:[The dynamics of antioxidant enzyme activity and contents of lipid peroxides in walls of animal blood vessels during hyperadrenalinemia]. 1532 Apr 27

The antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme systems belong to the major protective systems of the organism. The use of retinoic acid in many animal models of carcinogenesis has also suggested that its action may depend on its antioxidant activity. Retinoids have been shown to function as effective antioxidants by inhibiting microsomal lipid peroxidation. The importance of antioxidants for the maintenance of health and for protection from oxidative stressinduced damage places them in the forefront of mechanistic approaches to genetically originated diseases related to retinoids. It is well known that cellular and subcellular membranes are susceptible to lipid oxidation because of their relatively high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their close proximity to oxygen, transition metals and peroxidases. Therefore, there has been a great deal of interest in the study of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are associated with arteriosclerosis, nephritis and carcinogenesis. Antioxidants scavenge and prevent the formation of free radicals so they are highly important for the treatment of these kinds of diseases. For this reason, antioxidant properties of retinoidal benzimidazole or indole derivatives have been investigated in this review.
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PMID:Antioxidant activities of retinoidal benzimidazole or indole derivatives in in vitro model systems. 2383 78

Previous studies have shown that fermentations can enhance the bioactivity and absorption rate of soybean products. Fermented soybean products can alleviate hyperlipidemia and decrease risks of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of soymilk fermented by Lactococcus acidophilus on blood lipids and antioxidant enzyme activities of rats fed with a high fat diet. Sixty rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal control group (NC), high-fat control group (HFC), positive control group (cholestyramine, PC), Lactococcus acidophilus group (LA), soymilk group (SM), and fermented soymilk group (FSM), respectively. The NC group was fed with a basic diet, while the other groups were fed with a high-fat diet. After the experimental period (6 W), rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Blood and liver were collected to measure the concentrations of lipids and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results demonstrated that fermented soymilk could regulate lipid levels, restore HDL-c and TG to normal levels, and lower the concentrations of LDL-c than hypolipidemic drugs in hyperlipidemia rats. More importantly, fermented soymilk caused significant reduction in arteriosclerosis index and coronary risk index. Fermented soymilk also improved antioxidant capacities of hyperlipidemia rats. The increase of aglycone isoflavones in fermented soymilk could explain the above phenomena. In conclusion, soymilk fermented by Lactococcus acidophilus reduced risks of arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease by regulating lipid levels and improving the antioxidant capacities of hyperlipidemia rats.
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PMID:Antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of soymilk fermented via Lactococcus acidophilus MF204. 2908 43

Obesity is a serious public health issue in developed countries, and is known to increase the risk of several diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular events and arteriosclerosis. These phenomena are closely correlated with oxidative damage. Recently, several lines of evidence have demonstrated that neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are also related to oxidative damage. To clarify the relationship between obesity and oxidative brain injury, we investigated brain antioxidant networks in high-fat (HF) diet-treated mice in the presence or absence of tocotrienols (T3s) and bran. Co-treatment with T3s and bran significantly inhibited bodyweight gain in HF diet-treated mice. Serum and cortex T3 levels, and brain antioxidant enzyme activities and protein expressions did not differ among the groups except for SOD protein expression in the cerebellum. Brain p-mTOR and p-Akt protein expressions, which are related to autophagy, did not differ among the groups. These results indicate that treatment with T3s for eight weeks had showed an anti-obesity effect in HF diet-treated mice. However, significant alterations in T3 levels were not observed in the serum and brain of mice.
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PMID:Anti-Obesity Effects of Tocotrienols and Bran in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice. 3101 25