Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. This study investigated the effects of increased antioxidants (administration of water-soluble fullerenol-1 and pre-exposure to chronic hypoxia) as well as an iron-chelating agent (deferoxamine) on exsanguination-induced noncholinergic airway constriction in guinea-pigs. 2. Fullerenol-1 usually did not cause significant alteration in respiratory function (lung volumes, dynamic respiratory compliance, maximal expiratory flow at 50% total lung capacity (Vmax50), and forced expiratory flow at 0.1 s (FEV 0.1) at low (200 micrograms kg-1) or at high doses (2 mg kg-1), except that it produced a slight bronchial constricting action (decreases in both Vmax 50 and FEV 0.1) at high doses (2 mg kg-1) via intratracheal instillation. 3. Beginning 15 min after exsanguination, there was a marked temporal decrease in FEV 0.1, indicating a gradual increase in airway constriction with time. 4. Administration of either fullerenol-1 or deferoxamine, or pre-exposure to chronic hypoxia significantly ameliorated the exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction. The results provide evidence that oxygen radicals play an important role in exsanguination-induced airway constriction. 5. The significant effects of the increased antioxidants and deferoxamine,however, cannot be explained by the alteration in either tracheal neutral endopeptidase activity or lung tissue substance P level.
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PMID:Water-soluble fullerene derivatives attenuate exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea-pigs. 941 Aug 71

Leukotrienes (LTs), tachykinins (TKs), and oxygen radicals have been suggested to be important modulating factors for the hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) of guinea pigs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that LTs and oxygen radicals modulate HIB by triggering TK release. Eighty-five Hartley guinea pigs were divided into four groups: control, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), FPL 55712, and A63162. DMTU is the scavenger for hydroxyl radical. FPL 55712 is an antagonist of LT receptor, whereas A63162 is an inhibitor of lipoxygenase. Each group was further divided into three subgroups: baseline, hyperpnea, and recovery. Each animal was anesthetized, cannulated, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated. We measured dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), maximal expiratory flow at 50% total lung capacity (V(max(50))), and forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s (FEV(0.1)) during the baseline and recovery periods. Hyperpnea caused significant decreases in Crs, V(max(50)), and FEV(0. 1), indicating HIB in the control group. Pretreatment with DMTU, FPL 5712, or A63162 attenuated HIB. Plasma substance P (SP) levels increased progressively during the experiment in all groups. However, both FPL 55712 and A63162, but not DMTU, significantly decreased SP levels. Similarly, lung malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased progressively during the experiment in the control group. Neither FPL 55712 nor A63162 significantly affected the increase. On the contrary, DMTU significantly attenuated the increase in MDA during the recovery period. These results suggest that inhibition of LTs leads to suppression at SP levels and HIB, whereas DMTU attenuates HIB by means of other mechanisms.
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PMID:Mediators and oxygen radicals in hyperpnea-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. 1096 May 56

Endotheline-1 (ET-1) has been shown to enhance tachykinin-induced airway constriction. This study was designed to test whether ET-1 is involved in citric acid-induced bronchoconstriction. Forty-eight anesthetized-paralyzed guinea pigs were divided into six groups of 8 animals each: saline control; citric acid; ET-1; ET-1 + citric acid; BQ123 + ET-1 + citric acid; and BQ788 + ET-1 + citric acid. BQ123 and BQ788 are specific ETA and ETB receptor antagonists, respectively. Each animal in the saline control group received 50 breaths of 4 ml saline aerosol and in all citric acid-treated groups was given 50 breaths of 4 ml aerosol generated from 0.6 M citric acid. In all ET-1-treated groups, each animal was exposed to aerosol generated from 10(-8) M ET-1. The animal in the ET-1 + citric acid group was exposed to ET-1 5 min prior to the citric acid. For the last two groups, each animal was first exposed to aerosol generated from either 10(-5) M BQ123 or 10(-5) M BQ788. Five min later, the animal was exposed to ET-1; and then 5 min later was followed by citric acid. Dynamic respiratory compliance (Crs), forced expiratory volume in 0.1 sec (FEV(0.1)), and maximal expiratory flow at 30% total lung capacity (Vmax 30) were obtained before and 3-15 min after citric acid. Either citric acid or ET-1 inhalation caused significant decreases in Crs, FEV(0.1), and Vmax 30, indicating airway constriction. Citric acid-induced airway constriction, for most cases, was not significantly augmented by ET-1. However, either BQ123 or BQ 788 significantly attenuated the airway constriction induced by the combination of ET-1 and citric acid. Also, in an additional study, either BQ123 or BQ788 significantly attenuated citric acid-induced airway constriction. These data suggest that endogenous ET-1 plays an important role in citric acid aerosol-induced airway constriction in guinea pigs.
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PMID:Endothelin-1 in citric acid aerosol inhalation-induced airway constriction of guinea pigs. 1200 49

Objectives. To assess the induced sputum substance P (ISSP) levels in children having difficult-to-treat asthma (DA) with and without gastroesophageal reflux (GER). We aimed also to evaluate the association of GER with childhood DA, relationship of GER severity with childhood asthma control test (C-ACT), FEV(1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability, and ISSP. Finally, we tried to evaluate esomeprazole treatment effect on C-ACT and FEV(1) in children with DA. Methods. Spirometry, C-ACT, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and ISSP measurement were done for children with DA compared to healthy controls. Results. ISSP was high in DA with higher levels in the group having associated GER. In the latter group, ISSP and C-ACT improved significantly after esomeprazole treatment while FEV(1) and PEF variability did not improve. Reflux severity was positively correlated with ISSP and negatively correlated with FEV(1). Conclusions. GER was found in 49% of our patients with childhood DA. Very high ISSP levels in children with DA may be used as a marker for presence of GERD. Esomeprazole therapy improved asthma symptoms but did not improve lung function.
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PMID:Induced Sputum Substance P in Children with Difficult-to-Treat Bronchial Asthma and Gastroesophageal Reflux: Effect of Esomeprazole Therapy. 2225 35