Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of a study on echinoderm and ascidian neural regeneration, attempts were made to develop a system for the maintenance of their neurons in vitro. It was found that neurons and neural tissue explants from the starfish, Asterias rubens, and the brittlestar, Ophiura ophiura, and explants from the brain of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, could be cultured for up to 6 weeks in a modified L15-based medium. Some cells extended axonal projections and produced growth cones under certain conditions. Attempts were made to stimulate neuron survival and outgrowth of echinoderm cultures with conditioned media containing growth factors or tissue extracts and with various substrates including extracellular matrix extracts from native tissue. Ascidian brain explants from both normal and regenerating animals were cultured in the standard conditions established for echinoderm tissue, with outgrowth being observed in 25% of explants. In these cultures labelling with bromodeoxyuridine suggested that regeneration continues in vitro, although results using substance P immunocytochemistry indicate neuronal differentiation may be impeded. These preliminary studies suggest it is possible to maintain adult echinoderm and ascidian neurons in vitro.
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PMID:Preliminary observations on ascidian and echinoderm neurons and neural explants in vitro. 983 74

Astroglial cell lines have many applications for advancing neural developmental and functional studies. However, few astroglial cell lines have been reported from fish. In this study, we report the characterization of the immortal cell line TB2 isolated from adult tilapia brain tissue. The cell line was established at 25 degrees C in L15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. Most of the cells displayed a fibrous morphology and were immunoreactive for A2B5 antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), keratin, vimentin, and the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43). They weakly expressed glutamine synthetase (GS), S100 protein, and the neural stem cell markers Sox2 and brain lipid binding protein (BLBP). In contrast to astroglia in vivo, most TB2 cells also expressed galactocerebroside (GalC), substance P (SP), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). By immunoblot and RT-PCR, the cells also expressed myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), and Cx35. On a poly-L-lysine-coated substrate in vitro, TB2 cells showed increases in neuronal dopamine decarboxylase (DDC) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), indicating that they can initiate differentiation into neurons. Taken together, the results suggest that TB2 cells are astroglial progenitor cells (neural stem cells) and may develop into oligodendrocytes and neurons in a suitable environment. The present study advances our knowledge of fish astroglia. However, the factors that affect neural development in fish remain unknown, as do the characteristics of the intermediate differentiation stages between stem cells and mature nerve cells. The TB2 cell line will promote these investigations.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a neural progenitor cell line from tilapia brain. 1809 21