Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In many cases of chronic intractable pain without any discernible causes, when both Western medical treatment and acupuncture treatment failed to eliminate the pain, this pain is often due to the unrecognized presence of viral or bacterial infection. Even effective anti-viral or bacterial agents often fail to eliminate or inhibit the infection, as these drugs may also fail to reach the most painful area where often unrecognizable circulatory disturbances co-exist. Using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Molecular Identification Method, we were able to localize substance P and thromboxane B2 (a good indicator of the presence and degree of circulatory disturbances) in the painful area along with virus or bacteria. Based on the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test localization method for specific substances or microbes, the author has successfully treated cases of chronic intractable pain by the combination of anti-viral or bacterial agents with either manual acupuncture, electro-acupuncture or transcutaneous electrical stimulation through a pair of surface electrodes. Among a variety of infections, the most common cause of severe intractable pain was herpes simplex virus, and the most common bacterial cause of intractable pain of moderate degree was campylobacter. In addition, chlamydia was a very common cause of mild intractable pain. When peripheral nerve fibers are hypersensitive from nerve injury due to viral infection, in addition to the drug therapy for infection, use of Vitamin B1 25 mg., 2 times a day for an average adult often accelerates recovery time. As an anti-viral agent for the herpes virus family, the author found that EPA (Omega 3 fish oil, Eicosa Pentaenoic Acid, C20:5 omega 3), at doses between 180 mg. and 350 mg (depending upon body weight) 4 times a day for 2 to 6 weeks, without prescribing the common anti-viral agent Acyclovir, often eliminated the symptoms due to viral infection including all well-known types of the herpes virus, such as herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus are usually not associated with intractable severe pain, but they are often associated with a recurrent burning or itching sensation and they can cause intractable frequent muscle twitching. Viruses belonging to the herpes family almost always exist between the midline of one side of the spinal cord and the midline of the front of the body where these nerves from the spinal cord end and the same virus is localized only on one side of the body at the same spinal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of acute or chronic severe, intractable pain and other intractable medical problems associated with unrecognized viral or bacterial infection: Part I. 197 80

Since exogenously applied tachykinins (substance P and neurokinin A) prevent the neurogenic hyperaemia which is elicited by acid back-diffusion in the rat stomach, we investigated whether endogenous tachykinins would act in a similar manner. Acid back-diffusion, induced by perfusing the stomach with 15% ethanol in the presence of 0.05 M HCI, increased gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) by 60-100% as determined by hydrogen clearance in urethane-anaesthetized rats. This response remained unchanged after pretreatment with the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist SR 140,333 (300 nmol/kg) but tended to be enhanced by the NK2 receptor antagonist MEN 10,627 (200 nmol/kg). When given during ongoing acid back-diffusion, MEN 10,627 significantly enhanced the acid-evoked vasodilatation as compared with vehicle or SR 140,333. We conclude that endogenously released tachykinins, acting via NK2 receptors, limit the gastric hyperaemic response to acid.
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PMID:Inhibition of acid-induced hyperaemia in the rat stomach by endogenous NK2 receptor ligands. 945 33

Explants of tissue derived from the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of normal and pregnant NZW rabbits cultured in the presence of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), or both neuropeptides were found to have altered mRNA levels for a number of relevant molecules. Using a very efficient RNA isolation method, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and rabbit-specific primers, mRNA for growth factors (TGFbeta, bFGF, IGF-2, ET-1), cytokines (IL-1, TNF), enzymes (COX-2, iNOS), metalloproteinases (collagenase, stromelysin) and metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) were assessed after culture with or without neuropeptide. The results indicate that SP was effective in lowering mRNA levels for all of the molecules assessed in RNA from normal ligaments except IL-1beta, IGF-2 and TIMP-1, for which there was no significant effect. Similarly, CGRP was effective in lowering mRNA levels for all molecules except TNF, ET-1 and the TIMPs. The extent of the lowering of mRNA levels was both molecule-specific and neuropeptide-specific. When the experiments were repeated with ligament tissue from pregnant animals, a very different pattern of responsiveness to the neuropeptides was observed. While mRNA levels for 9/12 genes assessed were significantly affected by SP when normal MCL tissue was investigated, pregnancy abolished all significant responsiveness to this neuropeptide except for iNOS mRNA levels. In the case of iNOS mRNA, SP induced an increase in the steady-state levels, the opposite to what was observed with tissue from non-pregnant animals. For CGRP and SP+CGRP, tissue from pregnant animals was still responsive, but the pattern of responsiveness was changed from strictly a lowering of steady-state mRNA levels to elevations in mRNA levels for a number of genes. These findings indicate that mRNA levels for a number of genes can be influenced by neuropeptides known to be in ligaments. Thus, neuropeptides likely are important regulators of ligament cell metabolism. As the responsiveness to SP was nearly completely abolished during pregnancy, neuroregulatory influences mediated by this peptide are altered in the pregnant female. This loss of responsiveness to SP may also be one aspect of the analgesia associated with pregnancy.
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PMID:Pregnancy alters the in vitro responsiveness of the rabbit medial collateral ligament to neuropeptides: effect on mRNA levels for growth factors, cytokines, iNOS, COX-2, metalloproteinases and TIMPs. 978 99

An enzyme activity capable of hydrolysing the neuroactive undecapeptide substance P (SP) between its Phe7-Phe8 residues was purified from the membrane-bound fraction of human spinal cords. The enzyme preparation yielded was compared with a previously described SP-hydrolysing enzyme from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with regard to inhibition profile, protein chemical properties and kinetics. In addition, the results were compared with those of bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin (a serine protease that cleaves the carboxy-terminal side preferentially at hydrophobic amino acids). The SP peptidase activity was extracted from human spinal cords with 1% Triton X-100 in 20 mM Tris-HCI pH 7.8. After ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose) where the enzyme activity was separated from other proteins by gradient elution, the pooled enzyme fraction was further purified by molecular sieving (Sephadex G-50). The enzyme activity was finally recovered by HPLC molecular sieving (Superdex 75 HR 10/30) using a new preparative system, AKTA-purifier, controlled by UNICORN software version 2.20.
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PMID:Purification of substance P endopeptidase (SPE) activity in human spinal cord and subsequent comparative studies with SPE in cerebrospinal fluid and with chymotrypsin. 1007 55

After studying the waste management opportunities in small and medium companies of natural casings, composting has proved more viable and cost effective solution for the valorization of these types of waste, but its feasibility depends on the final product value. This paper investigated a pilot scale program for the windrow co-composting of natural casings waste with sheep manure and dead leaves incorporation. Processing, characterization and application of the final compost were described and the final compost was analyzed for pathogens, metals, nutrients, maturity, and agronomic parameters. The results showed that all test result levels were below the limits specified in the EPA regulations published in Title 40, Section 503, of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 503). Moreover, the agronomic value tests which include nutrients, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, etc. showed that the compost had high organic-matter content and low salt content, all of which indicate good compost characteristics. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), or NPK ratio, was measured at 1.6-0.9-0.7. Reported units are consistent with those found on fertilizer formulations.
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PMID:Windrow co-composting of natural casings waste with sheep manure and dead leaves. 2593 19