Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neuroendocrine cell population of the respiratory system of Rana temporaria has been studied by means of immunocytochemical methods at the light-microscopic level. Isolated or clustered endocrine cells have been found in the epithelium of the buccal cavity, glottis, larynx, and lung. Nine different types of endocrine isolated cell types can be distinguished according to their immunoreactivity to several regulatory peptides [calcitonin, substance P, bombesin, peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), cholecystokinin (CCK), and endothelin 1] and neuroendocrine markers (7B2, chromogranin, and serotonin). Neuroepithelial bodies are innervated clusters of cells simultaneously immunoreactive for serotonin and 7B2. Nerves and/or neurons have been detected in different regions of the respiratory system using antibodies against protein gene product 9.5, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, PHI, helodermin, and CCK.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1995 Nov
PMID:Neuroendocrine diffuse system of the respiratory tract of Rana temporaria: an immunocytochemical study. 858 96

The wall of the rat common bile duct (CBD) consists of several epithelial ducts embedded in connective tissue which contains some regions with cells weakly stained by an antibody against alpha smooth muscle actin. The hepatic side (HS) is more vascularized than the duodenal side (DS). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity is present in nerve fibres penetrating deeply into the CBD wall. On whole-mount preparations, CGRP innervation is mainly associated with blood vessels in the HS, whereas it forms a wide meshed network independent of vasculature in the DS. Abundance of CGRP innervation was compared between both sexes and at different ages. No differences were found in the total number of fibres between males and females except at 4 months of age, when males had statistically more abundant innervation than females. However, during aging, while the abundance of innervation (fibers/mm) remained stable in both HS and DS in females, it significantly decreased in males. Autoradiography demonstrated the presence of 125I-CGRP binding sites in the rat CBD. In vitro, 30% of HS strips showed spontaneous rhythmic contractions but all the strips (autocontractile or not) contracted dose dependently in response to acetylcholine (Ach) or substance P (SP). However, DS strips were neither autocontractile nor responsive to Ach or SP. Perfusion of all strips with 10(-7) M CGRP produced no effects nor influenced Ach- or SP-induced contractions.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1995 Nov
PMID:Rat common bile duct: structure, pharmacological responsiveness, CGRP innervation, and binding sites. 858 1

1. We investigated the influence of strip length and dorsal or ventral location of rat urinary bladder strips on contractile responsiveness. 2. No differences occurred in the contractile responses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 cm strips to field stimulation, carbachol, ATP, substance P or to KCl when the data were expressed as either absolute tension or as tension per cross-sectional area. However, correction for strip mass resulted in significant decreases in the contractile responses of the 2.0-cm strips compared with the 0.5-cm strips. 3. No differences occurred in length-tension curves for ventral and dorsal bladder strips, even though the strips from the dorsal surface appeared thinner than those from the ventral surface. 4. Strips from the ventral surface exhibited more variability in response to field stimulation and were less sensitive to atropine pre-treatment than were those from the dorsal surface. They were also less sensitive to the contractile effects of carbachol than dorsal strips. Dorsal and ventral strips were equally responsive to ATP, substance P and KCl. 5. Our data indicate that the contractile responsiveness of rat urinary bladder strips is independent of strip length. Although there are some differences between the cholinergic responsiveness of strips from the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the bladder, the differences are so small that for most studies they will probably have no influence on data interpretation.
Gen Pharmacol 1995 Nov
PMID:Influence of strip size and location on contractile responses of rat urinary bladder body strips. 869 Feb 39

1. The effects of substance P (2.5 x 10(-8)M) (SP) and met-enkephalin (10(-7)M) (ME), when administered alone or in combination (SP + ME), on the contractile activity of cat colonic muscle strips were compared. 2. SP evoked powerful contractions of the circular muscle strips (2.30 +/- 0.36 g) (background 0.65 +/- 0.10 g). 3. In the majority of cases, ME significantly increased the background activity (1.88 +/- 0.34 g and 0.70 +/- 0.10 g, respectively). 4. The two substances administered together produced the most pronounced contractile activity (3.86 +/- 0.44 g). 5. The longitudinal muscle strips showed higher spontaneous and evoked contractions. 6. Thus ME contributes to the increase in the effect of SP on colonic contractile activity.
Gen Pharmacol 1996 Sep
PMID:Effect of substance P and met-enkephalin on cat colonic smooth muscle activity. 890 90

1. We examined the effect of hydroalcoholic extract (HE), obtained from the barks of Drymis winteri J.R. et Forster (Winteraceae), against contraction caused by several mediators involved in asthma and allergy, and also that caused by ovalbumin and compound 48/80 in guinea-pig trachea. 2. HE (0.5-2 mg/ml) added to the bath 20 min earlier antagonized the contractions elicited by bradykinin, prostaglandin E2 and capsaicin in a concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manner. 3. HE antagonized, in a graded but apparently competitive fashion, contractions induced by substance P, [beta-ala8]neurokinin A-(4-10), a selective NK2 agonist, and the stable analog of thromboxane A2 (U 46619). However, HE had only a slight effect against contractions induced by histamine and had no effect against responses induced by acetylcholine and the selective NK1 agonist, substance P-methylester. 4. In guinea-pig trachea (GPT) from animals that had been previously sensitized actively to ovalbumin, HE antagonized ovalbumin-mediated contraction in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In addition, HE caused graded displacement to the right of contraction evoked by compound 48/ 80 in GPT from nonsensitized animals. 5. It is concluded that HE contains active principle(s) which interact via distinct mechanisms with several mediators known to participate in asthma and allergy. Furthermore, HE concentration dependently attenuated ovalbumin and compound 48/80-mediated contractions in GPT from sensitized and nonsensitized animals, respectively.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 May
PMID:Action of the extract of Drymis winteri on contraction induced by inflammatory mediators, compound 48/80 and ovalbumin of the guinea-pig trachea in vitro. 918 5

1. The pattern of responses of longitudinally oriented guinea pig ileum organ bath preparations was studied during short- (1-5 sec) or long-lasting (20 sec) electrical field stimulation (EFS, 0.8 msec, 40 V, 1-20 Hz). 2. In the presence of phentolamine (5 microM), propranolol (5 microM), and atropine (3 microM), the EFS elicited nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC), tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM)-sensitive responses. 3. The 1-sec EFS evoked relaxation. The response to 5-sec EFS consisted of relaxation followed by twitch, whereas relaxation, twitch and tonic contraction characterized the NANC response to 20-sec EFS. The maximum relaxation was observed at 10-Hz short- or long-lasting EFS. 4. Both N-G-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 0.1-0.5 mM) and apamin (1-5 microM) concentration dependently inhibited the relaxation of the NANC response to 10-Hz 20-sec EFS. During L-NNA treatment, the twitch and the tonic contractions were increased. The inhibitory effect of L-NNA was reversed by L-arginine (0.1-0.5 mM) but not by D-arginine. Sodium nitroprusside (1-10 microM) was without effect. 5. AP 13.2 ACOH (0.1 microM), a blocker of Substance P receptors, inhibited the twitch and the tonic contractions. The contractions were decreased after desensitization of purinoceptors by ATP and in the presence of the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline (30 microM). 6. Depending on the EFS duration, a subsequent occurrence of relaxation and contractions characterized the NANC responses. It seems that relaxation is mediated by nitric oxide whereas Substance P and ATP are involved in the maintenance of the twitch and the tonic contractions. Nitric oxide appears to exert an inhibitory effect on the excitatory transmitters, whereas purinergic mechanism(s) could modulate the nitric oxide-dependent relaxation.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 Aug
PMID:Pattern of nonadrenergic, noncholinergic responses during short- or long-lasting electrical stimulation in guinea-pig ileum. 925 5

1. The effect of the tachykinin neurokinin1 (NK1) receptor antagonist GR203040 on cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder damage was investigated in rats and ferrets. The 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonists ondansetron and granisetron were similarly examined in ferrets. 2. In the rat, GR203040 (10 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the CYP-induced plasma protein extravasation in the bladder by 44% and 73%, respectively (P < 0.05 and 0.005; cf. CYP controls); in the ferret, a 57% reduction (P < 0.005) was observed after GR203040 (0.3 mg/kg SC). No decrease was observed in ferrets with either ondansetron or granisetron (1 mg/kg SC). 3. GR203040 attenuated the CYP-induced damage in the rat and ferret bladder, at the same dose in the ferret previously shown to inhibit CYP-induced emesis.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 Aug
PMID:The NK1 antagonist GR203040 inhibits cyclophosphamide-induced damage in the rat and ferret bladder. 925 7

1. Intravenous infusion of capsazocaine (CAPBZ), a molecular fusion product of irritant synthetic capsaicin and local analgesic benzocaine, at 100 micrograms/kg/min for 15 min inhibited capsaicin (10 micrograms/kg, IV)-induced spinal release of substance P-like immunoreactivity and vagus reflex responses in blood pressure and heart rate changes in rats. 2. Intrathecal perfusion of CAPBZ (1.0 nM) also reversed retrograde epigastric intraarterial capsaicin (10 micrograms/kg)-induced hypotensive spinal reflex. 3. In isolated guinea pig tissues, CAPBZ (1.0-100.0 microM) inhibited capsaicin (1.0 microM)-sensitive sensory and functional activities, including cardiatonic, bronchial, tracheal and ileal contractilities. CAPBZ is suggested to be a capsaicin antagonist.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 Sep
PMID:Capsazocaine: a capsaicin-sensitive functional antagonist displays an argument on sensory capsaicin receptor. 937 45

1. The influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor U-0521 on isotonic contraction of isolated rat vas deferens was examined to determine optimal concentration and nonspecific effects. 2. Maximum responses to (-)-epinephrine were increased at 0.4 microM and 1 microM concentrations of U-0521. Epinephrine responses were progressively decreased in the presence of higher concentrations (10 microM, 30 microM and 100 microM) of U-0521. 3. The response to the nonadrenergic agonist neurokinin A was similarly depressed in the presence of 100 microM U-0521. 4. U-0521 not only inhibits COMT, at concentrations above 1 microM it nonspecifically depresses contraction of the rat vas deferens by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic agonists.
Gen Pharmacol 1997 Sep
PMID:Extraneuronal uptake inhibitor U-0521 decreases contractile responses in rat vas deferens. 937 52

1. Primary afferent nerve fibers control cutaneous blood flow and vascular permeability by releasing vasoactive peptides. These vascular reactions and the additional recruitment of leukocytes are commonly embodied in the term neurogenic inflammation. 2. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) acting via CGRP1 receptors is the principal transmitter of neurogenic dilatation of arterioles whereas substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) acting via NK1 receptors mediate the increase in venular permeability. 3. Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma protein leakage play a role in inflammation because many inflammatory and immune mediators including interleukin-1 beta, nitric oxide, prostanoids, protons, bradykinin, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine can stimulate peptidergic afferent nerve fibers or enhance their excitability. 4. Neurogenic inflammatory reactions can be suppressed by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists, histamine acting via H1 receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine acting via 5-HT1B receptors, opioid peptides, and somatostatin through prejunctional inhibition of peptide release from vasoactive afferent nerve fibers. CGRP, SP, and NKA receptor antagonists are powerful pharmacological tools to inhibit neurogenic inflammation at the postjunctional level. 5. Imbalance between the facilitatory and inhibitory influences on afferent nerve activity has a bearing on chronic inflammatory disease. Impaired nerve function represents a deficit in skin homeostasis while neuronal overactivity is a factor in allergic and hyperreactive disorders of the skin.
Gen Pharmacol 1998 Jan
PMID:Neurogenic vasodilatation and plasma leakage in the skin. 945 75


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