Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frontal ganglion of the adult forms of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was investigated immunocytochemically for the occurrence of the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides, namely insulin, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin C-peptide, somatostatin, glucagon, glicentin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), polypeptide YY (PYY), secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphins, substance P, neurotensin, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, serotonin, and calcitonin. Among all the antisera tested, positive immunostaining was obtained with anti-insulin B-chain serum only. The insulin B-chain immunoreactivity was localized in 4-6 large (30-40 microns) neurons, in the neuropile, and in the recurrent nerve. It is speculated that the insulin-like immunoreactive material may be transported to the neurohaemal organ (corpora cardiaca) through the nervi cardiaco-somatogastrici.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1984 Apr
PMID:Immunocytochemical evidence for the occurrence of insulin in the frontal ganglion of a Lepidopteran insect, the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta L. 637 93

The widespread cutaneous vasodilation which can be induced by low-frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) in humans is, at least in part, due to sympatho-inhibition. Studies on the additional involvement of an active local vasodilator have demonstrated a moderate increase in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) but excluded a series of known dilators. In the present study sera from four patients with peripheral ischaemia (three with Raynaud's disease, and one with diabetic polyneuropathy) were assayed for vasoactivity on isolated vascular smooth muscle (rat portal vein) with reactivity towards a wide series of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In the presence of cholinergic and beta-adrenergic blockade sera collected after TNS-induced vasodilation revealed an inhibitory activity which could not be accounted for by changes in osmolarity, pH or K+. The inhibitory response to the plasma samples developed more rapidly than the response to synthetic VIP. The inhibitory activity of the plasma samples excluded a series of other peptides such as substance P, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, bradykinin and angiotensin II, which all enhanced the contractile activity in the rat portal vein. There was a proportional increase in skin temperature and occurrence of inhibitory activity in cubital plasma samples in response to TNS. The results suggest that a peripheral vasodilator activity besides VIP may be implicated in the sustained dilation induced by TNS in these patients.
Gen Pharmacol 1984
PMID:In search of mediators of skin vasodilation induced by transcutaneous nerve stimulation: IV. In vitro bioassay of the vasoinhibitory activity of sera from patients suffering from peripheral ischaemia. 671 38

Figure 11 summarizes our present understanding of the relationships between the bag cells, the atrial gland, their respective peptides, the central nervous system, and reproductive behavior. There are some interesting aspects of the overall organization of the system. The three hormonal peptides (ELH and the two atrial gland peptides) have specific actions on the central nervous system not unlike what we are currently learning from mammalian systems (e.g., LHRH and TRH). ELH, in addition, has several specific peripheral targets, the details of which remain to be worked out. The fact that ELH and other hormones have multiple targets within the central nervous system as well as nonnervous peripheral targets raises the question of whether one or more different receptors exist for single hormone. We suggest that peptides larger than perhaps five residues may carry several "messages" or receptor binding sites encoded within the one molecule. Large peptides such as ELH could obviously have separate domains of charge distribution within the molecule, and these would have the advantage, over the classical small molecule transmitters, of activating a variety of very different targets. The atrial gland is a peripheral source of peptides with potent nervous system actions; this is reminiscent of peptides in mammals, e.g., substance P, gastrin, and somatostatin, all of which were initially isolated from the gut and which are now being found in and also have actions on the central nervous system. Such resemblances in the principles of organization between mammals and molluscs are constant reminders that neuropeptidergic systems are old tricks in the evolutionary bag and that what we learn from molluscs and other invertebrates about mechanisms and organization will likely apply to mammals.
Soc Gen Physiol Ser 1980
PMID:Peptides controlling behavior in Aplysia. 741 70

The in vitro effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH), substance P (SP), and their antagonists on prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), progesterone, androgens, and estradiol-17 beta release by follicles and corpus luteum (CL) of the oviparous lizard, Podarcis sicula sicula, were studied. Follicles and CL were divided according to the different developmental stages; follicles: pre-vitellogenic, early-vitellogenic, mid-vitellogenic, and fully grown; CL: CL1 (unshelled eggs in the oviducts), CL2 (shelled eggs in the oviducts), CL3 (eggs laid 6 hr previously), and CL4 (eggs laid 48 hr previously). SGnRH increased PGF2 alpha and progesterone release by mid-vitellogenic and fully grown follicles; SP increased PGE2 and estradiol-17 beta release by pre-vitellogenic, mid-vitellogenic, and fully grown follicles. SGnRH and SP decreased PGE2 and progesterone and increased PGF2 alpha by CL1 and CL2. The antagonists of these two neuropeptides induced the opposite effects of those of sGnRH and SP. The present data indicate that sGnRH and SP play different roles in the regulation of prostaglandins and sex steroid production by ovarian follicles and CL of P. s. sicula.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1994 Feb
PMID:GnRH and substance P regulate prostaglandins and sex steroids from reptilian (Podarcis sicula sicula) ovarian follicles and corpora lutea. 751 70

1. Experiments were designed to determine whether regional differences exist in the effects of phosphoramidon (a metalloprotease inhibitor) and [D-Arg,1D-Pro,2 D-Trp,7,9Leu,11]-substance P (a tachykinin antagonist: rpwwL-SP) on contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in rabbit airways. 2. EFS contractions were potentiated by phosphoramidon and were attenuated by rpwwL-substance P at low frequencies (less than 10 Hz). 3. Potentiating effect of phosphoramidon was more pronounced in distal bronchus than trachea and was proportional to total proteinase activity. 4. The rank order of inhibitory effect of rpwwL-SP was: trachea > proximal bronchus > distal bronchus, and inverse relationship was observed between the drug's inhibitory effect of drug and total proteinase activity in three different regions. 5. Good correlation was observed between total proteinase activity and pD2 value of neurokinin A in each airway region. 6. In conclusion, tachykinin modulates acetylcholine release in the contractile response to EFS at low frequencies (less than 10 Hz), and regional differences in the effects of the inhibitor and the antagonist on EFS-evoked contractions in the rabbit airway were suggested to be due to heterogenous distribution of the metalloprotease which metabolized tachykinins.
Gen Pharmacol 1994 Mar
PMID:A regional difference of the effect of tachykinin on cholinergic response evoked by electrical field stimulation in the rabbit airway. 751 3

1. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin elicited slight secretion of saliva but peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) failed to elicit secretion of saliva from rat submandibular glands. 2. Substance P (SP)-mediated secretion of fluid and protein were enhanced by VIP and secretin but not by PHI or GIP. 3. These results suggest that the effects of VIP, PHI, secretin and GIP on the secretion of fluid from rat submandibular glands and the synergistic effects of VIP and its homologues on the SP-mediated secretion of fluid and protein do not correspond to the extent of the structural homology of each analogue to VIP.
Gen Pharmacol 1994 Jul
PMID:Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide and its homologues on the substance P-mediated secretion of fluid and protein from the rat submandibular gland. 752

We have examined the effects of salmon calcitonin (SCT), injected into the cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.), on the tail-biting and scratching behavior induced by the intrathecal injection of different types of nociceptive agents, i.e., substance P, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), kainate (KA), and quisqualate (Quis). Tail-biting and scratching behavior induced by the 4 substances was significantly inhibited by SCT (i.c.v.) in the same manner: the dose-response curves were U-shaped, and the most effective dose was 0.1 IU/mouse in all cases. SCT did not, however, completely inhibit tail-biting and scratching behavior. At its most effective dose, the percent inhibition of substance P-, NMDA-, KA- and Quis-induced behavior were 77.9%, 40.2%, 49.4%, and 52.9%, respectively. These results suggest that SCT has the inhibitory effects of substance P- and glutamate receptor agonists-induced nociceptive response in vivo.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1994
PMID:Inhibitory effects of salmon calcitonin on the tail-biting and scratching behavior induced by substance P and three excitatory amino acids. 753 82

The endocrine cells and nerves of the respiratory tract of the reptile Podarcis hispanica were investigated by immunocytochemistry under light microscopy. Immunoreactivities were more numerous in the lung than in the trachea. In the tracheal epithelium, endocrine cells immunoreactive to PHI, PYY, and Leu-enkephalin were detected, while immunoreactivity to serotonin, calcitonin, CGRP, PHI, and Leu-enkephalin was found in pulmonary endocrine cells. Numerous nerve fibers positive to NSE, PGP9.5, chromogranin, tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin, CGRP, bombesin, substance P, VIP, NPY, and PYY were found in the lungs. In addition, neurons positive to NSE and PGP9.5 were also found. Immunoreactivities to PHI and PYY in cells and to NSE, PGP9.5, chromogranin, tyrosine hydroxylase, calcitonin, CGRP, and PYY in nerves, were reported first in the respiratory system of reptiles.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1994 Dec
PMID:An immunocytochemical study of the respiratory system of Podarcis hispanica (Reptilia). 753 37

1. In rat parotid acini, amiloride inhibited the secretion of amylase and the efflux of calcium and rubidium in response to carbamylcholine and to norepinephrine. 2. Amiloride competitively inhibited the binding of [3H]N-methylscopolamine and [3H] is thus a competitive antagonist of muscarinic and norepinephrine alpha-adrenergic receptors. 3. Amiloride did not affect the response to substance P with respect to secretion or ion movements. 4. Thus the Na+/H+ antiporter is not involved in the short-term regulation of amylase secretion and calcium and potassium movements in rat parotid gland function.
Gen Pharmacol 1995 Jan
PMID:Interaction of amiloride with rat parotid muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic receptors. 753 73

1. The concentrations of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) have been measured in the rostral and caudal areas of the hypothalamus of male rats and of virgin, pregnant and puerperal female rats. 2. The rostral:caudal ratio of SPLI is similar in males and virgin females, but diminishes in pregnancy and decreases further during the puerperium. In the pre-optic area, the SPLI concentration fell significantly during parturition, from 241.8 to 177.2 pmols/g wet weight (P < 0.05), and in the medio-basal hypothalamus, the concentration rose during pregnancy and parturition, from 87.4 to 145.5 pmols/g wet weight (P < 0.001). 3. The results are discussed in relation to the endocrine and nociceptive aspects of pregnancy and parturition.
Gen Pharmacol 1995 Jul
PMID:The effects of pregnancy and parturition on the levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity in different areas of the hypothalamus. 754 27


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