Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An extract of the whole brain of the alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) contained very high concentrations of substance P-like immunoreactivity (405 pmol/g wet tissue) and neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity (514 pmol/g), as measured with antisera raised against the mammalian peptides. The primary structure of alligator substance P was established as: Arg-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. This sequence is the same as that of chicken substance P and shows one substitution (Arg for Lys3) as compared with mammalian substance P. The neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity was separated into two components. Neuropeptide gamma was the most abundant peptide and its primary structure was established as Asp-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Gly-Gln-Ile-Ser-His-Lys-Arg-His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser- Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. This sequence shows one substitution (Tyr for His4) compared with mammalian neuropeptide gamma. The second component was identical to mammalian neurokinin A. A peptide with the chromatographic properties of mammalian neuropeptide K was not identified in the extract.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992 Nov
PMID:Structural characterization of tachykinins (neuropeptide gamma, neurokinin A, and substance P) from a reptile, Alligator mississipiensis. 128 82

The distribution of neurotensin-, substance P-, gastrin/cholecystokinin/carerulein- and bombesin-like immunoreactivities has been studied in the gut of the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus) using immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay; the electrophysiological effects of these peptides on the intestinal epithelium were also examined with the Ussing-type chamber technique. Neurotensin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin/caerulein-like immunoreactivities were present in endocrine cells in both species. Substance P- and bombesin-like immunoreactive endocrine cells were present in the intestine of the tilapia. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was observed in varicose fibers and nerve cell bodies in the muscle layers and myenteric plexus of both species, whereas nerve fibers showing substance P-like immunoreactivity were found in the goldfish only. Using radioimmunoassays, neurotensin- and gastrin/cholecystokinin/caerulein-like immunoreactive materials were detected in intestinal extracts of both species. The amounts of substance P- and bombesin-like material were below detection level. The ion selectivity of the intestinal epithelium of both species was modulated by exogenously applied neurotensin. This effect was blocked by tetrodotoxin in the tilapia but not in the goldfish. In the tilapia, neurotensin may act via stimulation of a cAMP-dependent increase of the Cl- conductance of the tight junctions, whereas in the goldfish, neurotensin induced, via an unknown messenger, a transient decrease of the cation selectivity without a decrease in the resistance. Substance P, cholecystokinin, and bombesin were without effect on the electrophysiological characteristics of the epithelium.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992 Dec
PMID:Neurotensin, substance P, gastrin/cholecystokinin, and bombesin in the intestine of the tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the goldfish (Carassius auratus): immunochemical detection and effects on electrophysiological characteristics. 128 77

1. Experiments were designed to determine whether differences exist in the sensitivity to muscarinic and tachykinin agonists in rabbit airways. 2. The rank order of sensitivity (pD2 value) to acetylcholine was: trachea > proximal bronchus > distal bronchus, whereas no regional difference was observed in the sensitivity to carbamylcholine which is resistant to acetylcholinesterase. 3. Acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in the distal than in the proximal airway. 4. In the absence of the peptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon, the pD2 values of neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) in trachea were significantly greater than that in bronchus, whereas no regional difference was observed in the NK1 selective agonist, substance P methyl ester (SPOMe). 5. Application of phosphoramidon (10 microM) to avoid peptide degradation abolished the regional difference of the pD2 values of SP. 6. In conclusion, regional differences in sensitivities to acetylcholine and NKA in the rabbit airway were suggested to be due to distribution to the metabolic enzymes of these drugs.
Gen Pharmacol 1992 Nov
PMID:Regional differences of the contractile responses to acetylcholine and neurokinin A in rabbit airway: heterogeneous distribution of the metabolic enzymes. 133 45

1. Unilateral denervation of the rat vas deferens (RVD) was performed under anesthesia. The animals were allowed to recover 4 or 10 days and then concentration-effect (C-E) curves to noradrenaline (NA) and neurokinin A (NKA) were constructed in denervated and control RVD. 2. Tissues denervated 4 or 10 days produced NA responses shifted 20-fold to the left with maxima 130% of control. 3. NKA C-E curves in denervated RVD were not significantly different from control. 4. Phenylephrine exhibited a 6-fold increase in tissue sensitivity after denervation. 5. Chronic denervation of the vas deferens resulted in significant postsynaptic supersensitivity to alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonists but not to NKA.
Gen Pharmacol 1992 May
PMID:Absence of denervation supersensitivity to neurokinin A in the rat vas deferens. 135 59

Intrathecal (i.th.) administration of substance P (SP, 6.5 nmol) at the Th 8-10 level in conscious rats increased blood pressure (carotid artery), heart rate and plasma catecholamine concentrations. The responses were antagonized by the intravenous (i.v.) but not i.th. pretreatment with the 5-HT2-receptor antagonists ketanserin and ritanserin and intrathecally administered serotonin (5-HT, 10 micrograms). The pressor response and the increase in plasma noradrenaline concentrations were also antagonized by i.v. or i.th. pretreatment with the 5-HT1A-agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). In contrast the pressor response to SP was facilitated by the 5-HT1A-antagonist 1-pindolol (i.v. or i.th). Pretreatment with SP (i.th) reduced the hypotensive response to i.v. 8-OH-DPAT. These results demonstrate functional interactions between SP and serotonergic mechanisms in the central system, but the precise location and nature were not elucidated.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1992
PMID:Cardiovascular effects of intrathecal administration of substance P in the rat: interactions with serotonergic mechanisms. 137 13

Possible changes in neuropeptides within the ventral horn of the spinal cord were investigated after unilateral dorsal rhizotomy at the lumbar level (L1-L6) in adult rats. Ten days after the surgery, immunohistochemical observations and radioimmunological determinations confirmed a marked loss of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivities within the superficial layers of the deafferented dorsal horn, as expected from the degeneration of primary afferent fibres containing these peptides. A concomitant increase in immunohistochemical staining and levels of CGRP (+296%) and CCK (+71%)-like immunoreactivities was observed in the ipsilateral ventral horn where both peptides are located in motoneurones. In contrast, substance P-like immunoreactivity that is confined to fibres and terminals within the ventral horn, was not altered by dorsal rhizotomy. These data indicate that the expression of neuropeptides in spinal motoneurones can be influenced by primary afferent inputs.
J Neural Transm Gen Sect 1992
PMID:Increased calcitonin gene-related peptide- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivities in spinal motoneurones after dorsal rhizotomy. 137 44

The endocrine cells of rainbow trout pyloric ceca and intestine have been investigated immunocytochemically using the avidin-biotin method. Twenty-six antisera were tested and 13 endocrine cell types immunoreacted with antisera to serotonin, somatostatin-25, bombesin, C-flanking bombesin, substance P, salmon PP, NPY, PYY, PP, glucagon, GLP1, Met-enkephalin, and CCK/G. Glucagon and GLP1 immunoreactivities appear in the same cells. Nerves positive to serotonin, substance P, PHI, and VIP were also found. The presence of cells positive to somatostatin-25, C-flanking bombesin, and salmon PP are described for the first time in fish intestine.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992 Jun
PMID:Endocrine cells and nerves in the pyloric ceca and the intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei): an immunocytochemical study. 138 78

The in vitro influence of substance P (SP) C- and N-terminal fragments on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase and Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase and monoamine oxidase (MAO) from synaptosomal membrane and extra-synaptosomal mitochondria were studied. The obtained results indicate: 1. C-terminal fragment of SP (SP6-11) in 10 microM concentration stimulates the Ca2+,Mg2(+)-ATPase activities from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Na+,K(+)-ATPase from cerebral cortex is hardly sensitive to the action of this fragment. 2. N-terminal fragment of SP (SP1-5) in 10 microM concentration increases Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity from cerebral cortex and hippocampus. 3. N-terminal tetrapeptide (SP1-4) exerts no influence on ATPases independently from their brain localization. 4. The activity of monoamine oxidase after use of C- and N-terminal fragments is unchanged.
Gen Pharmacol 1990
PMID:Effects of N- and C-terminal fragments of substance P on ATPase and monoamine oxidase activities in rat brain. 169 30

The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been investigated in the hypothalamus of the frog Rana esculenta L. by means of different immunohistochemical techniques. A few immunopositive cell bodies and several fibers have been demonstrated in the preoptic area and in the caudal hypothalamus. Some CGRP-like fibers were also recognized in the outer zone of the median eminence. Simultaneous double immunofluorescence methods showed CGRP-like immunoreactivity to be often contiguous to substance P-like positive structures, but separated from them.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991 Mar
PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the green frog, Rana esculenta. 171 93

The presence and function of tachykinins were studied in the intestine of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa), lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), starry ray (Raja radiata), lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), bichir (Polypterus senegalensis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which represent different systematic groups of fish. Immunohistochemistry revealed cells containing substance P (SP)-like material in the intestine of lamprey and lungfish, and in the stomach of the ray. The intestinal motility was studied using isolated muscle strip preparations. SP had no effect on hagfish or lamprey intestine. In the other four species SP produced intestinal contractions. In ray, bichir, and lungfish the tachykinins may be released from endocrine cells and act, at least in the bichir and lungfish, directly onto the smooth muscle cells. In the rainbow trout intestine, where SP-like material may be released from both nerve fibres and endocrine cells, it is indicated that the contractile effect is in part direct upon the smooth muscle and in part via stimulation of cholinergic and serotonergic neurons.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1991 Sep
PMID:Tachykinins and intestinal motility in different fish groups. 171 15


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