Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Autocrine and paracrine signaling leading to stimulation of tumor cell growth is a common theme in human cancers. In addition to polypeptide growth factors such as EGF family members which signal through receptor tyrosine kinases, accumulating evidence supports the autocrine and paracrine involvement of specific neuropeptides with defined physiologic actions as neurotransmitters and gut hormones in lung, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic and prostatic cancers. These neuropeptides, including gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin B, neurotensin, gastrin, cholecystokinin and arginine vasopressin bind seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that couple to heterotrimeric G proteins. Studies with human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells support a requirement for balanced signaling through G(q) and G(12/13) proteins leading to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, PKC activation and regulation of the ERK and JNK MAP kinase pathways. While specific neuropeptide antagonists offer promise for interrupting the single neuropeptide autocrine systems operating in pancreatic and prostatic cancers, SCLC is exemplified by multiple, redundant neuropeptide autocrine systems such that tumor growth cannot be inhibited with a single specific antagonist. However, a novel class of neuropeptide derivatives based on the substance P sequence have been defined that exhibit broad specificity for neuropeptide receptors and induce apoptosis in SCLC by functioning as biased agonists that stimulate discordant signal transduction. Thus, interruption of autocrine and paracrine neuropeptide signaling with specific antagonists or broad-spectrum biased agonists offer promising new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of human cancers.
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PMID:Autocrine and paracrine signaling through neuropeptide receptors in human cancer. 1131 3

The physiological role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and of its cognate receptors in regulating the intestinal peristaltic reflex was examined in a three-compartment flat-sheet preparation of rat colon. Mucosal stimulation applied to the central compartment at high, but not low levels of intensity, induced GRP release in the caudad compartment where descending relaxation was measured, but not into the ascending compartment where ascending contraction was measured or into the central compartment where the stimuli were applied. The selective GRP (BB(2)) receptor antagonist, [D-Phe(6),des-Met(14)]bombesin(6-14), inhibited descending relaxation and VIP release in the caudad compartment induced by high but not by low levels of stimulation applied to the mucosa in the central compartment. The selective neuromedin B (BB(1)) receptor antagonist, BIM-23127, had no effect on descending relaxation or VIP release. Neither the BB(1) nor the BB(2) antagonist had any effect on ascending contraction or substance P release in the orad compartment. Consistent with the effects of the antagonists on the peristaltic reflex, the BB(2) antagonist but not the BB(1) antagonist decreased the velocity of propulsion of artificial fecal pellets through isolated segments of guinea pig distal colon. The results indicate that GRP is selectively released from myenteric neurons in descending pathways during the peristaltic reflex and that it acts via BB(2) receptors to augment the descending phase of the peristaltic reflex and propulsion.
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PMID:Gastrin-releasing peptide is a modulatory neurotransmitter of the descending phase of the peristaltic reflex. 1529 60

Axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) carry visual information to the brain. In most vertebrates, the major synaptic target of RGCs is the optic tectum. In the chick, RGC axons form synapses in just 4 of 16 histologically recognizable laminae (the retinorecipient laminae [RRLs]), and arbors of individual RGCs are confined to a single RRL. To analyze the development and function of these parallel pathways, markers are required that selectively label them. Here, we have identified molecular markers for individual RRLs and for RGCs that project to them. Some of the markers may mediate or modulate signaling through the separate pathways: neuropeptides (substance P, neuromedin B, somatostatin-I and -II) and their receptors (substance P receptor), neurotransmitter synthetic enzymes (choline acetyltransferase) and the corresponding receptors (acetylcholine receptor beta2) and calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin and calbindin). Other markers are adhesive proteins that could mediate selective connectivity of RGC subsets within specific RRLs (cadherin-7, cadherin-11, reelin and neuropilin-1). We further show that RGC subsets whose axons project to specific RRLs are heterogeneous with respect to the retinal sublaminae within which their dendrites arborize. Our results define laminar-specified circuits from retina to brain and support a model in which RGCs transmit information from multiple sources to single central laminae, where it can be integrated.
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PMID:Labeled lines in the retinotectal system: markers for retinorecipient sublaminae and the retinal ganglion cell subsets that innervate them. 1697 78

Neuropeptides are small protein used by neurons in signal communications. Neuromedin U was the first neuropeptide discovered from the porcine spinal and showed its potent constricting activities on uterus hence was entitled with neuromedin U. Following neuromedin U another of its isoform was discovered neuromedin S which was observed in suprachiasmatic nucleus hence was entitled neuromedin S. Neuromedin K and neuromedin L are of kanassin class which belong to tachykinin family. Bombesin family consists of neuromedin B and neuromedin C. All these different neuromedins have various physiological roles like constrictive effects on the smooth muscles, control of blood pressure, pain sensations, hunger, bone metastasis and release and regulation of hormones. Over the years various newer physiological roles have been observed thus opening ways for various novel therapeutic treatments. This review aims to provide an overview of important different types of neuromedin, their receptors, signal transduction mechanism and implications for various diseases.
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PMID:Neuromedin: An insight into its types, receptors and therapeutic opportunities. 2831 88

Neuropeptides are small protein used by neurons in signal communications. Neuromedin U was the first neuropeptide discovered from the porcine spinal and showed its potent constricting activities on uterus hence was entitled with neuromedin U. Following neuromedin U another of its isoform was discovered neuromedin S which was observed in suprachiasmatic nucleus hence was entitled neuromedin S. Neuromedin K and neuromedin L are of kanassin class which belong to tachykinin family. Bombesin family consists of neuromedin B and neuromedin C. All these different neuromedins have various physiological roles like constrictive effects on the smooth muscles, control of blood pressure, pain sensations, hunger, bone metastasis and release and regulation of hormones. Over the years various newer physiological roles have been observed thus opening ways for various novel therapeutic treatments. This review aims to provide an overview of important different types of neuromedin, their receptors, signal transduction mechanism and implications for various diseases.
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PMID:Neuromedin: An insight into its types, receptors and therapeutic opportunities. 3199 6


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