UNIPROT:P20366 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution and intracellular localization of substance P (SP) in middle ear mucosa (MEM), cochlea and spiral ganglion (SG) were studied by immunohistochemical technique and immunoelectron microscopy. There was a widespread distribution of SP positive nerve fibers (NF) along the median and small vessels of MEM. SP-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) positive cells could be seen in the MEM near the promontorium tympani. In the Corti's organ, SP-IR positive products were located at the base of inner hair cells. The majority of positive NF emerged like strings of beads and were radially distributed from osseous spiral laminal to the Corti's organ. About 50% of the SG cells were SP-IR positive. Two types of SP-IR positive NF were found in the VIII cranial nerve by light microscopy. Small clear vesicles with a diameter of 50-70nm were localized in the cytoplasm of the type-I SG cells by immunoelectron microscopy. In the outer membrane and inside the mitochondria, SP-IR positive substances could be distinguished as an electron dense matter. The possibility of SP as an afferent neurotransmitter or modulator in cochlea and the significance of its presence in the MEM were discussed.
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PMID:[Localization of substance P in middle ear mucosa and peripheral auditory pathways in guinea pigs]. 171 17

The anatomical distribution and pharmacological characteristics of benzodiazepine receptors in the human spinal cord were examined in four cases aged 20-41 years using in vitro autoradiography and biochemical assays of [3H]flunitrazepam binding. In all cases, the autoradiograms demonstrated that benzodiazepine receptors were distributed in a consistently similar fashion in the gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions of the human spinal cord. At all levels, the highest densities of benzodiazepine receptors were found to be localized within lamina II of the dorsal horn as defined on cytoarchitectonic, myeloarchitectonic and substance P immunocytochemical criteria. Within this lamina the receptors were concentrated mainly in its deeper, inner portion which lies immediately adjacent to lamina III, with some overlap dorsally into the outer segment of lamina II and ventrally into the adjacent region of lamina III. The lowest density of receptors was found in regions of laminae I, IV, VII and X; in particular, in lamina VII the lowest concentration of receptors was found in the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. The remaining laminae of the spinal gray (laminae, V, VI, VIII and IX) showed a moderate density of receptors. Biochemical assays of membranes prepared from the lumbosacral cord indicated that these [3H]flunitrazepam binding sites have high affinity and have the pharmacological characteristics of the "central" Type II benzodiazepine receptor. These results show a high concentration of Type II benzodiazepine receptors in the substantia gelatinosa of the human spinal cord and suggest a possible role for these receptors in spinal sensory functions.
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PMID:Benzodiazepine receptors in the human spinal cord: a detailed anatomical and pharmacological study. 242 97

Ten substance P (SP) analogues were tested for their effects on mean arterial pressure and heart rate following intrathecal administration in the pentobarbital anaesthetized rat. The 10 analogues are [D-Pro4,D-alpha Npa7,9,10]SP(4-11) (A-I), (D-alpha Npa7,9,10]SP (A-II), [D-Trp7,9,10]SP (A-III), [D-Pro4,D-Npa7,9,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-IV), [D-Pro4,D-beta Npa7,D-alpha Npa9,D-Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-V), [D-Pro4,Lys6,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-VI), [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-VII), [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10,Trp11]SP(4-11) (A-VIII), [D-Trp7,9,10,Trp11]SP (A-IX), and [D-Pro4,D-Phe7,9,10,Phe11]SP(4-11) (A-X). At 6.5 nmol, the analogues containing the amino acid D-Npa (A-I, A-II, A-IV, and A-V) or D-Phe (A-X) in positions 7, 9, or 10 of SP or its C-terminal octapeptide are devoid of the long-lasting cardio- and vaso-depressor effects, which are otherwise seen with analogues containing the amino acid D-Trp (A-III, A-VI, A-VII, A-VIII, and A-IX) in the same positions. Some of the analogues containing D-Npa maintain the initial hypotensive effect seen with SP while the analogue containing D-Phe produces only a small hypertensive response. The 10 analogues when tested at a dose that failed to alter basal mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not block the cardiovascular responses elicited by SP and no cross desensitization was observed between SP and these analogues. It appears that these SP analogues exert cardiovascular effects in the rat spinal cord probably without interacting with SP receptors.
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PMID:Spinal actions of substance P analogues on cardiovascular responses in the rat: a structure-activity analysis. 243 22

The anatomical localization of opiate receptors in the human spinal cord has been examined in six cases aged 7-41 years using quantitative autoradiographic methods following the incubation of fresh, unfixed cryostat sections with [3H]diprenorphine. In order to precisely localize the distribution of receptors in the spinal cord, the laminar anatomy of the spinal grey was demonstrated at each spinal level examined using 50-microns sections stained for myelin, Nissl substance and substance P. In all cases, autoradiograms demonstrated that opiate receptors were distributed in a similar fashion in the grey matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the human spinal cord. At all 25 spinal levels examined, opiate receptors were mainly localized within the upper laminae of the dorsal horn (laminae I-III) and within the tract of Lissauer. The highest density of opiate receptors was localized within the inner segment of lamina II where the receptors formed a very dense band lying immediately dorsal to lamina III. The density of receptors in this inner region of lamina II (33 +/- 2 fmol/mg) was more than two-and-one-half times greater than that in the remaining upper laminae which showed moderate receptor densities: lamina I (12 +/- 4 fmol/mg) and outer lamina II (13 +/- 3 fmol/mg) both showed similar receptor densities which were higher than those in lamina III (10 +/- 3 fmol/mg) The tract of Lissauer (11 +/- 2 fmol/mg) also showed a moderate density of opiate receptors which was intermediate between the densities in laminae I/IIo and the density of lamina III. The density of receptors in the remaining laminae of the spinal cord varied from moderately low to virtually zero. Moderately low densities of receptors were found in laminae V, VI, VIII, IX and X with very low levels within laminae IV and VII. In particular, in lamina VII opiate receptors were unable to be detected above normal background levels in the dorsal nucleus of Clarke. These results show that, as in other mammalian species, opiate receptors in the human spinal cord are mainly concentrated in the upper laminae of the dorsal horn and in the tract of Lissauer. The possible role of these receptors in modulating spinal nociceptive information is discussed with respect to previous findings on the relationship of opiate receptors to primary afferent fibres in the spinal cord.
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PMID:Opiate receptors in the human spinal cord: a detailed anatomical study comparing the autoradiographic localization of [3H]diprenorphine binding sites with the laminar pattern of substance P, myelin and nissl staining. 243 89

Various histochemical changes were found in spinal segments L4-L5 of rats with adjuvant arthritis, predominantly 30 days after inoculation. A slight to marked increase of substance P immunoreactivity occurred in laminae I, II and X. FRAP activity was enhanced in lamina II. Serotonin immunoreactivity was heavier in laminae I, VIII and IX in a few animals. The intensity of the histoenzymological reaction for succinic dehydrogenase increased in certain laminae VIII and X neurons. At day 15 of the disease the increase of substance P and FRAP activities was chiefly restricted to the medial portion of the superficial dorsal horn. There was a significant positive correlation between the scratching behaviour of arthritic rats and the substance P immunoreactivity in laminae X and I. If one accepts that scratching is pain-related, the data are consistent with a possible role of substance P in the chronic pain associated with adjuvant arthritis. They leave undetermined the significance of the other histochemical changes.
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PMID:Histochemical changes of substance P, FRAP, serotonin and succinic dehydrogenase in the spinal cord of rats with adjuvant arthritis. 258 Feb 6

The distribution of substance P-like (SPLI) and methionine-enkephalin-like (MELI) immunoreactivity in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral human spinal cord was studied in sections stained by the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The laminar distributions of SPLI and MELI were somewhat similar. Immunoreactive axons and terminal-like processes were found in the marginal zone and substantia gelatinosa, although SPLI was heavier than MELI in Lissauer's tract and the marginal zone. Laterally, both SPLI and MELI extended along the entire dorsal horn border, including laminae IV and V. Isolated, fine fiber bundles also extended deep into the central regions of laminae IV and V. Heavy SPLI and MELI also were found in the intermediolateral column region (IML), while lesser amounts were observed in the intercalatus and intermediomedial (IMM) regions of lamina VII. In lamina IX, SPLI was moderate, and less MELI was found. The distribution of SPLI fibers and terminal-like profiles in the human spinal cord is similar to that in other mammals, whereas that of MELI suggests some differences, particularly in laminae I, II, and III. Many terminal-like structures were in close apposition to neurons in several laminae. Based upon correlations of the three-dimensional organization of both the labeled terminals and the dendritic trees of the cells, the types of neurons in apposition to SPLI and MELI could be tentatively identified. These may include (1) marginal cells resembling the pyramidal and multipolar types; (2) gelatinosal cells resembling islet and stalked cells; (3) spinothalamic cells in laminae I, V, VI, VII, and VIII; (4) autonomic neurons in the IML and IMM; and (5) motoneurons in lamina IX. In the sacral cord, neurons resembling dorsal band (lamina V) and lateral band (lamina VII) parasympathetic neurons also were outlined by SPLI and MELI, with more SPLI in the region of the lateral band neurons. Often, in many of the laminae, the same neuron was surrounded by both SPLI and MELI. The variety of possible neuronal types supplied by SPLI and MELI processes and the fairly wide distribution of these substances within the spinal cord suggest that they may be involved in a number of spinal functions.
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PMID:The human spinal cord: substance P and methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity. 618 Dec 29

Bombesin (BN), substance P-(SP) and somatostatin (SRIF) were measured in individual laminae of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar (L) spinal cord of control cats, and in the L6 segment of cats receiving a spinal hemisection (L2) or deafferentation via dorsal rhizotomy at L6, 7, S1. The interlaminar distribution of BN, SP, and SRIF was remarkably similar. Highest concentrations were found in the superficial dorsal horn, and progressively less was found proceeding ventrally. Some intersegmental variations in peptide concentration within a single lamina were found. Dorsal rhizotomy caused a significant decline in BN, SP and SRIF in lamina I-III, therefore all three peptides appear to be contained in dorsal root ganglion cells. Evidence is presented for the existence of ascending BN and SP projections originating in lamina I-III and VII, for a descending SRIF pathway terminating in lamina VIII, and for an ascending BN path in lamina VIII. Dorsal root afferents to lamina VIII influence levels of BN, SP and SRIF.
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PMID:Distribution and origin of bombesin, substance P and somatostatin in cat spinal cord. 619 1

The sensory and motor fibres of the spinal cord and the relative centres of integration were studied during ageing. Sections of spinal cord and ganglia from C8 to T12 of rats aged 6 and 24 months were treated using several techniques: Nissl, NADPH-diaphorase, and antibodies to enkephalins, substance P and neuropeptide Y. Nissl staining of the C8 segment showed that in the aged rat the dorsal horn was more oblique and narrow, the central canal was enlarged, the cellular density was reduced, and the neurons of the intermediolateral and ventral horns and of lamina IV were smaller. The total number of NADPH-diaphorase-positive cells of C8 segment was similar in the adult and in the aged rats. However, in the aged rat the number of cells was reduced in laminae I, II, III, VII and IX, remained the same in laminae V, VI and X, and was increased in laminae IV and VIII, and in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial horns. In the adult rat, we saw a greater number of cells with a lower expression of the enzyme. The area of the cells in laminae V and IX was reduced in the aged rat. In the C8 segment substance P was present in laminae I and II: in the aged rat the immunoreactivity was reduced and more diffuse. Enkephalins are present in laminae I, II and III, with a reduced immunoreactivity in the aged rat. NPY is present in the central canal in the adult rat and, is also present in laminae I and II in the aged rat.
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PMID:Neuronal populations in the spinal cord during ageing. 757 82

In this study we have described the ontogeny of immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and glutamate in primary sensory neurons, and for serotonin in the sacral spin cord, of fetal sheep (n = 37) from 56 to 140 days of gestation (term = 146 days). A few fine, varicose fibres immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide were present in Lissauer's tract, the dorsolateral funiculus and in laminae I and V in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord at 56-61 days of gestation. At this age, two groups of intensely staining immunoreactive cells were present in the motoneuron pool in laminae VIII and IX in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. By 77 days, immunoreactive fibres were also present in laminae II and X. With advancing gestational age, an increase in the intensity of staining was observed throughout the cord to term, with the exception of laminae VIII and IX, where a decrease was seen. Intense staining of cells in the motoneuron pool was evident until c. 128 days, after which time staining became very faint. Fine fibers immunoreactive for substance P were present in Lissauer's tract and lamina I of the spinal cord at 56-61 days of gestation. They were also present throughout laminae IV-VI and X as well as throughout the entire ventral horn. Immunoreactive fibres in lamina II were evident by 77 days. The staining increased in density but remained similar in distribution with increasing gestational age to term in the dorsal horn, but decreased markedly in the ventral horn. Cells immunoreactive for substance P were evident from 56 days, particularly on the border of laminae II and III, until late in gestation. Ultrastructural studies showed that axon terminals immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide and for substance P were present in lamina I by 61 days. Immunoreactivity for glutamate was evident at 83 days in dorsal root fibers and also in lamina I and II, where it was more prominent in cells than in fibres. At all ages examined, the dorsal horn stained more intensely than the ventral horn. Immunoreactivity for glutamate and neuropeptides appeared in the cells and fibres of dorsal root ganglia at 97-100 days. In the skin, immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P was present at 85 days, some time after its appearance in the cord. Fibres immunoreactive for serotonin appeared in lamina I, at the neck of the dorsal horn and in the ventral horn at 83 days of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Development of immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and glutamate in primary sensory neurons, and for serotonin in the spinal cord of fetal sheep. 768 61

The segmental and laminar origin of propriospinal antinociceptive systems in the cat spinal cord and the modes to activate them are characterized. The experiments were performed on pentobarbital-anesthetized cats with a high cervical spinalization. Recordings were made from single lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons responding to noxious radiant skin heating and to innocuous mechanical skin stimuli. The segmental and laminar origin of heterosegmental, propriospinal neurons modulating background activity and nociceptive responses were identified and the conditions to activate them were characterized. Conditioning noxious front paw stimulation and superfusion of the cervical enlargement with L-glutamate, but not with substance P, reduced noxious heat-evoked responses of about 50% of all lumbar neurons tested. Glutamate superfusions of the lower thoracic or upper sacral spinal cord enhanced background activity and reduced nociceptive responses of most lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons. Superfusions with substance P or somatostatin were ineffective. Glutamate microinjections into the superficial layers of the thoracic, upper lumbar or sacral dorsal horn ipsi- or contralateral to the recording sites or into lamina VIII of the ipsilateral thoracic or upper lumbar cord reduced noxious heat-evoked responses with or without changes in the level of background activity. It is concluded that propriospinal neurons originating from circumscribed areas of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar or sacral spinal cord independently modulate background activity and noxious heat-evoked responses of multireceptive lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons. The incidence and efficacy of propriospinal antinociceptive stimulation sites was found to be as high as for the classical region of endogenous antinociception, the midbrain periaqueductal gray.
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PMID:Characteristics of propriospinal modulation of nociceptive lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons in the cat. 768 6

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