Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By using immunohistochemistry and antibodies to a general nerve marker, protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, the overall innervation at the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle origin was investigated in patients with tennis elbow and in healthy controls. The autonomic innervation was studied by using antibodies to neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The sensory innervation was visualized by using antibodies to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. PGP 9.5 immunoreactions were detected in association with small blood vessels and arteries and within nerve bundles. There was, however, heterogeneity in the perivascular nerve fiber distribution since some blood vessels exhibited a high degree of PGP 9.5 innervation and some negligible or no such innervation at all. There was marked TH/NPY innervation in the walls of a subpopulation of the arteries, basically no VIP-containing nerves, and sensory innervation restricted to the small blood vessels. These observations show that the ECRB muscle origin is supplied with heterogeneously distributed sympathetic and sensory innervations and, furthermore, that there appears to be an imbalance between the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator innervations along the vascular tree in this region.
 ...
PMID:Sympathetic and sensory innervations are heterogeneously distributed in relation to the blood vessels at the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle origin of man. 1046 Sep 73

This study was performed to compare GAP-43, PGP 9.5, synaptophysin, and NSE as neuronal markers in the human intestine. GAP-43-immunoreactive nerve fibers were abundant in all layers of the ileum and colon. GAP-43 partially co-localized partially with every neuropeptide (VIP, substance P, galanin, enkephalin) studied. All neuropeptide-immunoreactive fibers also showed GAP-43 reactivity. By blind visual estimation, the numbers of GAP-43-immunoreactive fibers in the lamina propria were greater than those of PGP 9.5, synaptophysin, or NSE. In the muscle layer, visual estimation indicated that the density of GAP-43-immunoreactive fiber profiles was slightly greater than that of the others. The number and intensity of GAP-43-, PGP 9.5-, and NSE-immunoreactive fibers were estimated in sections of normal human colon and ileum using computerized morphometry. In the colon, the numbers of GAP-43-immunoreactive nerve profiles per unit area and their size and intensity were significantly greater than the values for PGP and NSE. A similar trend was observed in the ileum. Neuronal somata lacked or showed only weak GAP-43 immunoreactivity, variable PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity, no synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and moderate to strong NSE immunoreactivity. We conclude that GAP-43 is the superior marker of nerve fibers in the human intestine, whereas NSE is the marker of choice for neuronal somata. (J Histochem Cytochem 47:1405-1415, 1999)
 ...
PMID:Quantitative comparison of growth-associated protein GAP-43, neuron-specific enolase, and protein gene product 9.5 as neuronal markers in mature human intestine. 1054 14

With its abundance of neurons and immunocytes, the gut is a potentially important site for the study of the interaction between the nervous and immune systems. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we tested the hypothesis that gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the porcine small intestine might receive catecholaminergic, cholinergic and peptidergic innervation. Antibodies against protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 were employed to detect neuronal membranes; antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were used to detect catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons; and antibodies to neuromedin U-8 (NMU-8), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were also used. PGP9.5-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed between jejunal Peyer's patch (PP) follicles and in submucosal ganglia localized at the base of continuous ileal PP. Many ChAT-positive and a few TH-/VMAT-2-immunoreactive neurons or axons adjacent to jejunal and ileal PP were observed. Neurons and fibers from ganglia situated between or at the base of PP follicles manifested robust immunoreactivities to VIP and NMU-8; relatively less SP immunoreactivity was observed at these locations. All neuromedin-U 8-positive neurons observed exhibited immunoreactivity to ChAT as did some VIP-positive neurons. The specific chemical coding of enteric neurons in close apposition to jejunal and ileal PP and the differential localization of neuropeptides within the jejunal and ileal PP are indicative of neuroimmunomodulation at these sites.
 ...
PMID:Catecholaminergic, cholinergic and peptidergic innervation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue in porcine jejunum and ileum. 1057 Nov 16

The innervation of the human adrenal gland and of cortical lesions was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical adenomas (n=5) and carcinomas (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 (SV2), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein (VIP), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical adenomas but were not found in carcinomas, except in a few cases where PGP 9.5 and NSE were present, but only adjacent to necrotic areas. Nerves containing NPY and VIP occurred in varying numbers in both adenomas and carcinomas. NPY- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, NSE/VIP-, TH/VIP- and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.
 ...
PMID:Innervation of human adrenal gland and adrenal cortical lesions. 1062

The hair pluck procedure alters the anatomy of the anagen hair bulb. Hemorrhage can occur in the mesenchymal sheath and breaks at the proximal epithelium, above or around the upper third of the dermal papilla, have been reported. We hypothesized that innervation, as identified with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), and expression of the neuropeptide Substance P (SP) within the dermal papilla would also be altered following plucking. We focused on studying SP as this neuropeptide has been associated with several cellular responses, including anagen hair growth in the C57BL/6 mouse model. Four millimeter punch biopsies were obtained from the occipital scalp of two healthy adults. Hair was then plucked and additional biopsies were obtained immediately, and at 1 d, 1 wk, and 1 mo after plucking. Each set was processed for immunohistochemical analyses and in-focus optical sections of the dermal papilla were captured by laser scanning confocal microscopy and later reconstructed into single images. Following injury, SP was expressed in a disorganized pattern below the dermal papilla. There was also a significant reduction in labeled neuronal cells, and SP expression was enhanced within peribulbar blood vessels at 1 d and 1 wk. By 1 mo, peribulbar nerves, vessels, and SP expression were similar to baseline observations. It remains to be ascertained whether PGP 9.5, also known as unbiquitin hydrolase, and SP are involved in the proliferation of new matrix cells in the human scalp hair follicle following injury.
 ...
PMID:Peribulbar innervation and substance P expression following nonpermanent injury to the human scalp hair follicle. 1067 89

Langerhans' cells are epidermal dendritic cells, derived from blood precursors. Their main function is antigen presentation to T-cells. They are able to express neuronal proteins, such as neuron-specific enolase or substance P-receptor. They are closely associated with nerve fibres. PGP9.5 is the most specific neuronal protein in the epidermis. Epidermal Langerhans' cells can express PGP9.5 if denervated. Using flow cytometry, we found that cultured CD34+ precursors did not express PGP9.5, whereas suspensions of fresh or cultured Langerhans' cells could express this neuronal protein. Precursors of Langerhans' cells are not able to express PGP9.5, suggesting that they are not mature enough or that the capacity to express PGP9.5 may be acquired only in the epidermis. The function of PGP9.5 on Langerhans' cells and mature dendritic cells remains unknown. PGP9.5 might be related to dendritic cell maturation or to the lack of contacts with nerve endings.
 ...
PMID:Expression of PGP9.5 on Langerhans' cells and their precursors. 1072 24

Using histology, we studied the innervation of nociceptors in the medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint. Specimens examined were taken from 16 patients during arthroplasty. The patients were 6 men and 10 women, with ages ranging from 14 to 76 years (mean 56 years). Immunohistochemistry with the unlabeled antibody biotin-streptavidin method was employed to detect protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) or substance P (SP) in the specimen. The antibody for PGP 9.5 detected nerve tissues in the menisci. Most but not all of the nerve fibers were associated with blood vessels. Nerve fibers and sensory receptors were found mainly in the peripheral, vascular zone, representing the outer one-third of the meniscus, and the innervated area was wider in the anterior and posterior horns. Pacinian and Ruffini corpuscles as well as free nerve endings were identified in these areas. Larger fibers coursed circumferentially in the peripheral zone, with smaller branches of nerve fibers running radially into the meniscus. Nerve fibers positive for SP were also detected in the menisci, but were fewer in number. Their branches also were fewer, oriented radially and paralleling blood vessels. This study showed that some of the pain in cases of meniscal tear could originate in the meniscus itself, especially with peripheral tears that may be accompanied by bleeding.
 ...
PMID:Innervation of nociceptors in the menisci of the knee joint: an immunohistochemical study. 1073 84

We examined the expression of three neuropeptides that have been implicated in nociceptive transmission, and the sympathetic nerve fiber marker tyrosine hydroxylase, in 11 painful human Morton's neuromas, using immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against the neural markers RT97 and PGP 9.5 were used to map the general nerve fiber organization of the neuromas. Four specimens of normal human peripheral nerves were used as controls. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivities were more pronounced in neuroma tissue than in control nerves. Neuropeptide immunofluorescence was seen both in larger nerve fiber trunks and in masses of disorganized axon profiles dispersed in loose connective tissue. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was present at varying levels of expression in neuroma nerve fiber trunks, in connective tissue nerve fiber bundles, and around some blood vessels. Our findings suggest that neuropeptides are involved in the response to injury in Morton's neuromas and that they could play a role in initiation or modulation of pain. In addition, pain from Morton's neuromas could be influenced by sympathetic nerve fibers.
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptide- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in painful Morton's neuromas. 1091 58

The peripheral nervous system was analysed in the oral mucosa of eight patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), five with a lichenoid reaction (LR) and three with mild chronic inflammation (MCI), by morphometric analysis of nerve fibres containing immunoreactive PGP 9.5, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), or C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON). Overall nerve fibre density was higher in OLP (P=0.039) and LR (P=0.026) compared with healthy oral mucosa and was compatible with sprouting and collateral formation. In contrast to the innervation visualized with structural nerve fibre-marker PGP 9.5, the densities of neuropeptide-immunoreactive nerves were low in inflamed tissue. This is consistent with depletion via local release. Retraction and local loss of innervation were found in areas coinciding with the most severe inflammation and basal membrane (BM) damage. Interestingly, LR showed a twenty-eight-fold loss of post-ganglionic CPON-ir sympathetic nerve fibres (P=0.044). In LR, CPON-ir innervation was markedly lower than in OLP. Finally, the pattern of innervation in relation to inflammatory cell infiltrates and tissue structures differed between OLP and LR. In conclusion, the peripheral nervous system is implicated in the immunopathogenesis of lichen planus and lichenoid reactions, with a disorder-specific difference in this involvement.
 ...
PMID:Disorder-specific changes in innervation in oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions. 1097 44

The neuropeptide substance P (SP) is found within a subpopulation of nociceptive afferent nerve fibres and has been shown to be upregulated in a variety of sites following peripheral inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of SP within human teeth, both in health and disease, and to seek a correlation between reported pain history and SP expression within pulpal nerves. Coronal pulps were removed from 62 permanent mandibular molars with a known pain history. Teeth were categorised as intact, moderately or grossly carious. Using indirect immunofluorescence, sections were double-labelled for the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and for SP. Image analysis was then used to quantify the percentage area of PGP 9.5-labelled tissue which was also labelled for SP. Throughout the pulp, the expression of SP was found to be significantly increased with the progression of caries. Furthermore, SP expression was significantly greater in grossly carious painful specimens than in grossly carious asymptomatic specimens. These data would suggest that the expression of SP within pulpal nerves undergoes dynamic changes following caries, which may have an important clinical significance in terms of inflammation and pain experience.
 ...
PMID:Substance P expression in human tooth pulp in relation to caries and pain experience. 1115 21


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>