Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cochleae of juvenile guinea pigs were investigated for the presence of several neuropeptides. Glucagon, insulin, CCK and beta-endorphin immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibers as well as hair cells were demonstrated by the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Small amounts of substance P were also found in different sites in the inner ear. In contrast, prolactin-like material could not be found at all. These findings have significance with regard to the putative role of neuropeptides in neuromodulation.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical detection of peptides in the guinea pig cochlea. 242 64

Three dimensional observation of the nerve fibers along the cerebral blood vessels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis was also performed in the cerebral blood vessels treated with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry intensified by nickel ammonium sulfate. Nerve fibers (2-8 microns in diameter) formed a plexus on the outer surface of the adventitia. After branching, the nerve fibers penetrated the blood vessel adventitia. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers showed a meshwork pattern in the outer layer of the adventitia, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers revealed a spiral running pattern in the inner layer of the adventitia. Taken together with previous studies, these findings suggest that substance P nerve fibers in the cerebral arteries may not be related to arterial dilatation or constriction, but VIP nerve fibers may be vasodilative.
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PMID:Three dimensional observation of the nerve fibers along the cerebral blood vessels. 242 82

Substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was studied by immunocytochemistry in the wall of the blood vessels of the small intestine of the cat, rat and guinea-pig. Immunoreactive nerve fibres were localized by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) procedure, by use of antisera raised against these peptides. These neuropeptide-containing nerve fibres were widespread in association with the blood vessels and especially with the dense network of perivascular nerves supplying arterioles. At the ultrastructural level, immunoreactive nerve fibres were found very close to the basement membrane of the capillary walls. No immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in the wall of the veins. The anatomical findings of the present study are consistent with the proposal that several neuropeptides could function as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the control of blood flow in the small intestine.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localisation of substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin and neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in perivascular nerve plexuses of the gut. 242 25

The investigation has been performed by means of the immunohistochemical method. Secondary antibodies are marked with isothiocyonate, or with horseradish peroxidase. Localization of enkephalin, cholicystokinin, substance P and gonadoliberin is studied in luminescent and electron microscope in pre- and paravertebral ganglia of the frog, guinea pig, rat and cat. The data on immunoreactivity of neuronal bodies and plexuses are proved and detalized; chemism of interneuronal synapses is studied at electron microscopic level. The analysis of synapses in the sympathetic ganglia is performed for the first time.
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PMID:[Neuropeptides of the sympathetic ganglia of mammals and amphibia (comparative immunocytochemical study)]. 242 52

Nerve terminals of human cardiac muscle were studied using an electron microscope. Substance P-, Leu-enkephalin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like (VIP) immunoreactive nerves were demonstrated by use of the light microscope. In addition, VIP- and substance P-like immunoreactive nerves were localized ultrastructurally by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase-method. Muscle specimens were obtained from right auricula of patients undergoing open-heart surgery. In the nerve fibres and terminals, which were situated close to the blood vessels and cardiac muscle cells several vesicle populations were identified. On the morphological basis the terminals could be tentatively categorized as cholinergic, mixed cholinergic-peptidergic, adrenergic, sensory or baroreceptor type, peptidergic and degenerating nerve endings. Substance P-, Leu-enkephalin- and VIP-like immunoreactive nerves were localized between cardiac muscle cells. Nerve terminals, which showed substance P-immunoreaction were observed also close to blood vessels. In substance P- and VIP-immunoreactive nerve terminals the immunoprecipitation was localized in large dense-cored vesicles of about 120 nm in diameter. It is concluded that the intrinsic control of the human heart is most probably regulated by several transmitter candidates. The peptidergic nerves may exert their modulatory interactions in the nerve bundles where they are situated close to each other but a direct effect on the blood vessels and muscle cells cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Peptidergic innervation of human atrial myocardium: an electron microscopical and immunocytochemical study. 243 6

Serial frontal and sagittal sections through the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) of the male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) were incubated with an antibody against substance P and stained by the indirect peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique. A high density of nerve fibres with large-sized terminals exhibiting substance P-immunoreactivity was observed in the OVLT in close relation to the blood vessels both in the internal and the external zone of the organ. In addition, a few fibres penetrated into the ependyma covering the organ. These results indicate that substance P is released into the bloodstream from the OVLT and in addition might influence the ependymal cells bordering the organ towards the third ventricle.
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PMID:The presence of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). 243 Jul 16

Antibodies against substance P and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) have been used in a sequential double-immunocytochemical ultrastructural study of the rat forebrain. The peroxidase-anti-peroxidase procedure was used for both antigens, however, two different substrates for the peroxidase reactions were used. The substance P-immunoreactive sites were first localized using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine as the substrate, then the ChAT-immunoreactive sites were localized using benzidine dihydrochloride. The reaction product formed by the two substrates was distinguishable in both the light and electron microscopes. Using this procedure, the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of identified cholinergic neurons in the neostriatum were found to receive symmetrical synaptic input from substance P-immunoreactive boutons. A similar pattern of substance P-immunoreactive synaptic input was observed onto magnocellular basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the ventral pallidum and ventromedial globus pallidus. In both the striatum and basal forebrain substance P-immunoreactive boutons were also seen in contact with structures that did not display ChAT immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Substance P-containing terminals in synaptic contact with cholinergic neurons in the neostriatum and basal forebrain: a double immunocytochemical study in the rat. 243 92

The distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) structures in the brainstem of the adult human was investigated by the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method for immunocytochemistry. SPI structures were widely distributed in the brainstem, and particularly dense in the substantia nigra, peripheral portions of the colliculus inferior, central gray matter, parabrachial area, nucleus dorsalis tegmenti of Gudden, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus dorsalis motorius nervi vagi, and nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini.
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PMID:Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive structures in the brainstem of the adult human brain: an immunocytochemical study. 243 9

A light and electron microscopic study has been made of the substance P-immunoreactive networks formed by sensory nerve fibres in the prevertebral sympathetic ganglia of the guinea pig to seek confirmation that these networks arise from collateral branches of sensory fibres passing through the ganglia and to explore the synaptic and other specialized relationships established by these networks. Slices from coeliac-superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia of young adult males, perfusion-fixed by paraformaldehyde, were immunostained with a monoclonal antibody to substance P, and the immunolabelling was visualized by a peroxidase reaction. Immunolabelled fibres passing through the ganglia were seen by light microscopy to give off varicose collaterals that ramified in the ganglionic neuropil. Electron microscopy showed that the parent fibres were almost exclusively unmyelinated. Many collaterals ran directly beneath the basal lamina bordering the intraganglionic tissue spaces, and the varicosities either remained superficially exposed under the basal lamina or sank deeper into the supporting Schwann cells, becoming apposed to dendrites of the ganglionic neurones, upon which they formed synapses, or to other nerve terminals. The incidence of these specific associations was quantified, singly and in combination. Synapses could be situated at the same level as unlabelled synapses on the same dendrite, and exposed varicosities could lie within 0.5 micron of exposed, postsynaptic dendrites. These observations confirm a collateral, synaptic nature for the networks and suggest additional nonsynaptic modes of release and sites of transmitter action. They are consistent with the hypothesis that the system serves a nocifensor function of axon reflex type.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and distribution of substance P-immunoreactive sensory collaterals in the guinea pig prevertebral sympathetic ganglia. 243 64

The nucleus tractus solitarii in the monkey Macaca mulatta was found to have several subdivisions based upon cytoarchitectonics and immunohistochemistry. Subdivisions that could be identified included commissural, medial, parvicellular, dorsolateral, ventrolateral, intermediate, and interstitial. Substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivity was localized within discrete regions of the nucleus tractus solitarii, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Substance P immunoreactivity occurred most frequently in the interstitial subdivision of the nucleus tractus solitarii. Moderate accumulations of substance P immunoreactivity were present in the commissural, medial, parvicellular, dorsolateral, and intermediate subdivisions, but very little was present in the ventrolateral subdivision. Enkephalin immunoreactivity followed the staining patterns of substance P; however, the amounts of enkephalin immunoreactivity were less than amounts for substance P. Following colchicine treatment, large numbers of enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons were distributed throughout all subdivisions, many being located in the parvicellular and medial subdivisions. The few substance P-immunoreactive neurons found were restricted to the parvicellular subdivision. The distribution of substance P and enkephalin immunoreactivity in M. mulatta is very similar to that described in the cat and rat. In addition, the extensive overlap of the distribution of these two putative neurotransmitters provides morphological evidence for their possible participation in the autonomic regulation within the nucleus tractus solitarii.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of substance P and enkephalin in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. 244 Sep 14


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