Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Enkephalin and substance P-containing inputs to cholinergic perikarya were examined in the rat neostriatum using an ultrastructural immunocytochemical double-labeling protocol. Sections of rat neostriatum were double-labeled for either choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and substance P or ChAT and enkephalin using silver intensified colloidal gold and peroxidase as labels. Regions containing both ChAT-positive neurons and peroxidase reaction product were identified in the light microscope prior to sectioning for electron microscopy. Substance P-containing terminals which contained round synaptic vesicles and made symmetrical synaptic contacts were commonly observed in the neostriatum. Substance P synapses onto ChAT-positive perikarya and dendrites were frequently observed: up to 5 synaptic contacts were observed onto a ChAT-positive dendrite. Enkephalin labeling was also seen in a population of axon terminals containing round synaptic vesicles and exhibiting symmetrical synaptic specializations. In contrast to substance P-containing terminals, relatively few synaptic contacts were observed onto ChAT-positive labeled perikarya and dendrites although enkephalin-labeled terminals were seen in frequent contact with perikarya and dendrites of unlabeled spiny neurons. Since enkephalin and substance P are contained within different populations of striatal spiny neurons, the results of the present study suggest that these two types of neurons differ in their intrinsic striatal connections.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural examination of enkephalin and substance P input to cholinergic neurons within the rat neostriatum. 128 May 27

A peroxidase anti-peroxidase method or an avidin-biotinylated complex method was used to visualize neural elements immunostained for several neuropeptides in the chicken pancreas. Pancreatic ganglion cells were only immunoreactive with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), galanin and substance P (SP) antisera. VIP-immunoreactive (IR) ganglion cells were the most numerous, and most of them also showed the distinct immunoreaction with galanin. VIP- and galanin-IR nerve fibers were observed in the exocrine portion, the adventitia of the artery and the connective tissue of the ductal wall. The number and distribution of the VIP- and galanin-IR nerve fibers around the artery and duct were similar. SP-IR nerve fibers were found mainly close to the blood vessel. SP- and CGRP-IR nerve fibers were detected in the VIP-IR ganglion and extrapancreatic nerve bundle. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-IR nerve fibers were observed as nerve bundles in the interlobular space or extrapancreatic nerves. Consequently, VIP and galanin coexist in the intrinsic neural elements. SP is partially located in the intrinsic neural elements, but most of it seems likely to originate from the extrinsic ganglion. It is probable that calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)-, TH- and AADC-IR nerve fibers have an extrinsic origin.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical studies on the intrinsic pancreatic nerves in the chicken. 128 86

The aim of this study was to describe the normal distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) containing fibres in the knee joint of the mouse and to obtain insight into the changes in innervation associated with degenerative processes in the joint. Arthrosis was induced by a single subpatellar intra-articular injection of bacterial collagenase. After decalcification in EDTA solutions, the CGRP and SP fibres were visualized by peroxidase-antiperoxidase pre-embedding immunocytochemistry for light microscopy. Control experiments on the mouse brain as a reference for the effect of EDTA on the immunostaining showed that the decalcification procedure with EDTA had not impaired the immunostaining. A rich innervation of thin varicose CGRP and SP immunoreactive fibres was found in most peri- and intra-articular tissue components. The periosteum, synovial tissues, the joint capsule and the intra-articular fat tissues were richly innervated. Less intense innervations were also found in the subchondral bone plates of the tibio-femoral joint and of the patella. Fibres were also found in the soft tissues between the patellar tendon and the femoral groove. No differences could be found between the location of CGRP and SP fibres with respect to the localization in the joint, but generally more CGRP fibres were found. The collagenase-induced osteoarthrosis was characterized by sclerosis of the subchondral bone, patellar dislocation, osteophyte formation, synovial proliferation and by severe cartilage abrasion, particularly on the medial side of the femoro-tibial joint. The overall distribution of CGRP and SP fibres was the same as in the control joints. However, major differences were found in all studied joints at specific locations around the cruciate ligaments, in the synovium around the patella, in the soft tissues lateral of the patella and in plica tissue between the patella and femoral groove. The CGRP and SP innervation was no longer detectable by immunolabelling with the antibodies. With a polyclonal antibody to the growth associated protein GAP-43/B-50, signs of degenerated axonal profiles were observed in these locations. At other peripheral locations, such as the muscles, the GAP-43/B-50 distribution was normal. In conclusion, the present study provides detailed information on the localization of CGRP and SP fibres, which may be involved in pain perception. Knowledge of the changes that occur during arthrosis may give more insight into the clinical symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and GAP-43/B-50 immunoreactivity in the normal and arthrotic knee joint of the mouse. 128 63

Potent analgesia is elicited by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and intralaminar thalamus. Horseradish peroxidase conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) was stereotaxically pressure injected into the parafascicular (PF) or central medial (CM) nucleus to identify brainstem afferents to the intralaminar thalamus. WGA-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons were identified in the DRN, PAG and lateral dorsal tegmentum (LDTg) after PF and CM injections. Many retrogradely labeled cells in the DRN and ventral PAG were also serotonin-ir, and a portion of WGA-ir cells in the LDTg were substance P-ir. These results substantiate previous studies implicating the intralaminar thalamus and periaqueductal region, as well as serotonin and substance P, in antinociception.
 ...
PMID:Serotonin and substance P afferents to parafascicular and central medial nuclei. 132 Feb 63

Evidence in the preceding paper suggests that fibers and terminals immunopositive for substance P (SP) in somatosensory thalamic nuclei are part of the spinothalamic tract (STT). In this paper, more direct evidence on this point is provided by immunocytochemistry for SP on the cervical spinal cord, alone or combined with the retrograde transport of colloidal gold-labeled wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to enzymatically inactive horseradish peroxidase (WGAapoHRP-Au). In cats and rats pretreated with colchicine and/or anterolateral chordotomy (to increase SP content in cell bodies), many small to large cell bodies are SP-immunopositive especially in laminae I and V, but also in more ventral laminae of the upper cervical cord. SP neurons are also present in the dorsolateral funiculus (in the lateral spinal nucleus, LSN, in rats) but not in the lateral cervical nucleus or in the internal basilar nucleus. In both species there is a considerable degree of overlap in the distribution of SP-positive neurons and that of STT neurons. SP immunocytochemistry in rats after WGAapoHRP-Au injection in the somatosensory thalamus reveals SP-positive STT neurons in LSN, in lamina I and in lamina V, and, to a lesser extent, in more ventral laminae. These results demonstrate that SP is a marker and/or neuromediator for some STT neurons. Together with the evidence discussed in the preceding paper, the results also suggest that SP-positive neurons may be involved in the transmission of nociceptive input.
 ...
PMID:Substance P innervation of the rat and cat thalamus. II. Cells of origin in the spinal cord. 137 60

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of neuropeptide nerves and inflammatory leukocytes in PVG rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory leukocytes were studied, using peroxidase (ABC) and/or alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) staining. Inflamed synovial tissue proper was infiltrated with neutrophils, ED1 macrophages and focal accumulations of CD2 T lymphocytes. In such tissue, the relationship between peptide-immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory cells was such that substance P and CGRP nerves were absent in heavily infiltrated villous synovial tissue, whereas healthy synovial tissue and non-inflammatory areas in adjuvant arthritic rats were innervated by substance P and CGRP nerves close to normal synovial tissue resident cells. In order to elucidate an eventual mechanism for lost immunoreactivity, healthy synovial tissue was exposed to chymotrypsin or oxygen derived free radicals (ODFR) in vitro. The former treatment caused total loss of immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that neuropeptides and neuropeptide containing nerves may be destroyed by locally produced proteolytic enzymes and various reactive oxygen species in the vicinity of inflammatory cells.
 ...
PMID:Relationship between neuropeptide immunoreactive nerves and inflammatory cells in adjuvant arthritic rats. 137 4

Serotonin-, substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) were observed to send their axons to the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing method combined with the immunocytochemical technique. These neurons were most frequently observed in the ventrolateral subnucleus and ventral portion of the medial subnucleus of the PAG at the entire rostrocaudal levels.
 ...
PMID:Serotonin-, substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons projecting from the midbrain periaqueductal gray to the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat. 137 51

Substance P has been implicated in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord. However, evidence for a direct correlation between a specific nociceptive response in spinal dorsal horn neurons and substance P input is lacking. In this study, we combine intracellular recording from dorsal horn neurons in vivo, characterization of their nociceptive responses, intracellular labeling by injection of horseradish peroxidase, and immunocytochemical demonstration of substance P at the electron microscopic level. The results reveal that dorsal horn neurons that respond to noxious cutaneous stimulation with a slow, prolonged excitatory postsynaptic potential receive a preferentially high number of substance P fibers compared with nonnociceptive neurons, which scarcely receive any substance P input. Therefore, this study provides direct evidence of a structural-functional link for a substance P-mediated nociceptive response.
 ...
PMID:Spinal neurons exhibiting a specific nociceptive response receive abundant substance P-containing synaptic contacts. 137 57

Substance P (SP)-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-, and cholecystokinin (CCK)-like immunoreactive (LI) neurons were found in the superior colliculus (SC) of the rat, and examined to ascertain whether they sent projection fibers to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd). Immunocytochemical staining with antisera against SP, VIP, and CCK showed that many immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were located in the superficial layers of the SC, especially in the stratum griseum superficiale. The pattern of distribution of these immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies in the SC was similar to that of neuronal cell bodies which were retrogradely labeled with WGA-HRP (wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate) injected ipsilaterally into the LGNd. On the other hand, SP-, VIP- and CCK-LI axons were seen most densely in the lateral part of the LGNd, especially in the small-celled LGNd zone adjacent to the optic tract, where anterograde labeling was also observed after injection of WGA-HRP ipsilaterally into the superficial layers of the SC. When a lesion was produced by kainic acid injection into the superficial layers of the SC, axons showing SP-, VIP-, or CCK-LI in the LGNd ipsilateral to the lesion were markedly depleted. The results indicate that SC-LGNd projection neurons contain SP, VIP, and/or CCK in the rat.
 ...
PMID:Substance P-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive fiber projections from the superior colliculus to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the rat. 137 78

Serotonergic neurons of the medulla oblongata have been proposed to play a role in the control of sensory, motor and autonomic cells in the spinal cord. Many of these raphe neurons have been shown to contain the undecapeptide substance P as well as the tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone, but evidence for the presence of an excitatory amino acid in these pathways has not yet been documented. In colchicine-treated rats, we have used a combination of retrograde tracing and tri-color immunohistofluorescence techniques to study co-localization of serotonin- and substance P- with glutamate- or aspartate-like immunoreactivities in medullary neurons and the possible spinal projections of these cells. In addition, the distributions of serotonin-, substance P- and glutamate-immunoreactive terminal fields in the dorsal, ventral and lateral horns of the spinal cord were examined with tri-color immunofluorescence in the rat and the primate Macaca fasciculata. In colchicine-treated rats, glutamate- and aspartate-like immunoreactivity was found in practically all serotonin- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons of the B1, B2 and B3 cell groups. Some of these neurons also contained wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to inactivated horseradish peroxidase and colloidal gold particles retrogradely transported from the spinal cord. In the spinal cords of non-colchicine-treated monkeys and rats, striking co-localization of serotonin, substance P- and glutamate-like immunoreactivities was seen in large boutons, surrounding the dendrites and cell bodies of large alpha motor neurons in the ventral horn. These observations suggest the existence of spinally projecting serotonin/substance P neurons containing excitatory amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Serotonin-, substance P- and glutamate/aspartate-like immunoreactivities in medullo-spinal pathways of rat and primate. 137 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>