Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substance P (SP) antiserum was administered to rats on the second day of life. Three months later, the content of SP was significantly decreased in the dorsal part of the spinal cord and in the periaqueductal gray matter of these animals, as compared to control rats receiving a neonatal treatment of non-specific immunoglobulins. Further, the levels of Met-enkephalin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were concomitantly increased in the same regions. SP receptor binding sites and opioid receptors, which appear earlier in development, were not modified in the two regions studied. On the other hand, the antinociceptive response to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of SP or of the synthetic enkephalin analog D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin, as well as the hypertensive response to i.c.v. SP were blocked. The results suggest that, after administration to newborn rats, the antiserum is able to penetrate into SP neurons, producing a long-lasting SP suppression and a subsensitivity to the pharmacological effects of the neuropeptide. The modifications in the content of Met-enkephalin and 5-HIAA are possibly compensatory changes which subserve the functionality of central cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems after the immunolesion.
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PMID:Long-lasting neurochemical and functional changes in rats induced by neonatal administration of substance P antiserum. 247 Apr 72

A comparison of dopaminergic (DAergic) turnover changes in several forebrain structures was investigated after local injection of substance P (SP), neurotensin and D-Ala-Met-enkephalin (DALA) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). A dose-dependent increase in the DOPAC/DA ratio was elicited by all 3 peptides in the nucleus accumbens and the septum. DAergic turnover was enhanced in the anteromedial prefrontal cortex only after SP injection and in the amygdala only after neurotensin injection. In the anteromedial striatum as well as in the posterolateral striatum, a significant increased DOPAC/DA ratio was observed following SP and DALA injection into the VTA. No significant changes were noticed in the olfactory tubercles after injection of the 3 peptides in the VTA. From these results, it appears that each peptide induced a different profile of DAergic activation. Taking into account the facilitatory role of the DA neurons at the level of the forebrain integrative structures, the differential activation may explain the difference in behavioral response obtained after injection of the 3 peptides in the VTA.
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PMID:Substance P, neurotensin and enkephalin injections into the ventral tegmental area: comparative study on dopamine turnover in several forebrain structures. 247 75

The afferent nerve terminal in the human globus pallidus, which receives the projection nerve fibers from both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, were clearly visualized immunohistochemically using antibodies to calcineurin, synaptophysin, Met-enkephalin (MEnk) and substance P (SP). In normal control case, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities were densely localized in the external and internal pallidal segments, respectively, whereas calcineurin and synaptophysin were distributed throughout the globus pallidus. Calcineurin, synaptophysin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactive peroxidase products decorated most of the long radiating dendrites and the cell bodies of the pallidal neurons. In the cases with Huntington's disease (HD) and striatonigral degeneration (SND), marked loss of calcineurin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities was seen in the globus pallidus corresponding to areas of striatal neurodegeneration, whereas synaptophysin immunoreactivity remained in areas which revealed almost complete loss of calcineurin, MEnk and SP-like immunoreactivities. Calcineurin, MEnk and SP, which show difference in their localization patterns, may provide reliable markers for the striatal efferent nerve terminals, and synaptophysin for the entire pallidal afferent nerve terminals. This report demonstrates the distribution patterns of these neurochemical molecules in the globus pallidus with HD and SND.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical visualization of afferent nerve terminals in human globus pallidus and its alteration in neostriatal neurodegenerative disorders. 247 14

Substance P(SP) immunoreactivity in the rat brain and spinal cord were measured by radioimmunoassay and studied to correlate with the analgesic effect induced by electroacupuncture (EA). The results showed following: (1) There was a significant elevation in SP levels sn the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum after 30 min of EA. There was a markedly fall in the spinal cord. Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between the EA effect and the SP content in hypothalamus, striatum and statistical analysis revealed a correlation. In the spinal cord. (p less than 0.01), while the SP content in the hippocampus exhibited a similar degree of elevation in non responsive and good responsive animals to EA stimulation. (2) SP levels in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum were increased by electroacupuncture stimulation (3v). The frequency of 1.5Hz was no obvious difference as compared with 100Hz in the effects on brain SP content. (3) SP content in the spinal cord decreased only using electroacupuncture stimulations of combination of higher intensity (3v) and higher frequency (100 Hz). (4) This effect could be blocked by the naloxone (i.p) and LSD (icv), but icv injection of Met-enkephalin antibodies had no affects on them.
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PMID:[Relationship between the content of central substance P and the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in rats]. 248 Jan 95

This study was undertaken to characterize the mechanism of ocular irritation to YAG laser capsulotomy in rabbits. The blocking agents were administered intravitreally. (D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9)-SP, a substance P antagonist, tended to reduce miosis but had no effect on intraocular pressure (IOP). It had less effect on miosis than (D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11)-SP another SP antagonist. Met-enkephalin and tetracaine had no effect on miosis or the increase in IOP after YAG laser capsulotomy, whereas tetrodotoxin reduced miosis, but had no clear-cut effect on IOP, or the increase in aqueous humor protein concentration. This indicates an involvement of sensory neurons with release of SP or a closely related peptide in the miotic component part while the increase in IOP and the barrier breakdown probably are dependent mainly on a release of prostaglandins.
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PMID:Characterization of the mechanism of acute ocular irritation to YAG laser capsulotomy in rabbits: effects of substance P antagonists, Met-enkephalin, tetracaine and tetrodotoxin. 248 Dec 50

The CNS cell groups that innervate the sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons of rats were identified by a transneuronal viral cell body labeling technique combined with neurotransmitter immunohistochemistry. Pseudorabies virus was injected into the adrenal gland. This resulted in retrograde viral infections of the ipsilateral sympathetic preganglionic neurons (T4-T13) and caused retrograde transneuronal cell body infections in 5 areas of the brain: the caudal raphe nuclei, ventromedial medulla, rostral ventrolateral medulla, A5 cell group, and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). In the spinal cord, the segmental distribution of virally infected neurons was the same as the retrograde cell body labeling observed following Fluoro-gold injections in the adrenal gland except there was almost a 300% increase in the number of cells labeled and a shift in cell group distribution. These results imply there are local interneurons that regulate the sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons. In the medulla oblongata, serotonin (5-HT)-, substance P (SP)-, thyrotropin-releasing hormone-, Met-enkephalin-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons of the raphe pallidus and raphe obscurus nuclei and the ventromedial medulla were infected. In the ventromedial and rostral ventrolateral medulla, immunoreactive phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, SP, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, and enkephalin neurons were infected. The A5 noradrenergic cells were labeled, as were some somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in this area. In the were infected. The A5 noradrenergic cells were labeled, as were some somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in this area. In the hypothalamus, tyrosine hydroxylase- and SP-immunoreactive neurons of the dorsal parvocellular PVH were infected. Only a few immunoreactive vasopressin, oxytocin, Met-enkephalin, neurotensin, and somatostatin PVH neurons were labeled.
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PMID:CNS cell groups regulating the sympathetic outflow to adrenal gland as revealed by transneuronal cell body labeling with pseudorabies virus. 254 65

Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution and intensity of Substance P and Met-enkephalin staining in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra were carried out in five cases each of brains from patients with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and normal controls. The usefulness of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for human autopsy material was confirmed. Substance P and Met-enkephalin fibers were distributed in essentially the same pattern as described in experimental animals and in human brains. In Huntington's disease brains decreased Substance P staining was found in the internal globus pallidus and the substantia nigra, in agreement with radioimmunoassay studies by others. Met-enkephalin staining in the external globus pallidus was of normal intensity, although present within a shrunken area. In Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases there was intense immunoreactivity for Substance P in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and for Met-enkephalin in the globus pallidus, at variance with reported decreases in Parkinson's disease by radioimmunoassay, but in essential agreement with other immunocytochemical studies. Immunocytochemical methods complement radioimmunoassays of human brain and may help in mapping neuropeptidergic pathways and in pinpointing abnormalities in these pathways in basal ganglia disorders.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical studies of substance P and Met-enkephalin in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra in Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. 257 85

In the rabbit iris sphincter muscle, transmural electrical stimulation produces cholinergic and substance P-ergic responses. In the present work, the effects of dynorphin-(1-13), an endogenous ligand of the kappa opioid receptor, on these two neurogenic responses were examined pharmacologically and the data compared to findings in case of other opioid agonists. Dynorphin-(1-13) (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) enhanced the cholinergic responses and attenuated the substance P-ergic response, in a concentration-dependent manner, and these actions of dynorphin-(1-13) were more apparent in the case of low-frequency stimulation. These effects of dynorphin-(1-13) were antagonized by naloxone (10(-5) M). Dynorphin-(1-13) had no effects on the responses to exogenously applied acetylcholine, carbachol and substance P. The augmenting effect on the cholinergic transmission was unique in kappa agonists, as the cholinergic responses were also augmented by other kappa agonists such as dynorphin-(1-17) and ethylketocyclazocine, but attenuated by other opioid agonists (Met-enkephalin, beta-endorphin and morphine) and not affected by SKF-10,047 and nalorphine. On the other hand, the substance P-ergic response was attenuated by all the opioids used. These results suggest that dynorphin-(1-13) presynaptically increases the release of acetylcholine from the parasympathetic postganglionic nerves and reduces the release of substance P from the trigeminal nerve, mediated by kappa type of opioid receptors.
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PMID:Dual effects of dynorphin-(1-13) on cholinergic and substance P-ergic transmissions in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle. 257 68

Procedures for localizing immunoreactive Met-enkephalin and substance P were applied to the adenohypophysis of larval and adult sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Immunopositive reaction to anti-Met-enkephalin antiserum was found in certain adenohypophysial cells of both larvae and adults. This reaction was specific, as judged by preabsorption of the antiserum with synthetic Met-enkephalin and subsequent elimination of the immunoreaction. An immunopositive response to one of three anti-substance P antisera, also selective for certain adenohypophysial cells was obtained in both larval and adult glands. This reaction was not completely eliminated by preabsorption with authentic substance P. Although the substance P immunoreaction is not specific for authentic mammalian substance P, its localization is characteristic and distribution of cells exhibiting it is described. Immune-staining of Met-enkephalin was seen in most of the cells of the rostral pars distalis, and it was as strong or stronger in larvae (ammocoetes) of Petromyzon as it was in adults. The substance P response was found in about half of the cells of the caudal pars distalis and in a few cells of the rostral pars distalis. In ammocoetes substance P staining was limited to a few cells of the caudal pars distalis, and no cells in the rostral pars distalis were stained. Thus, Met-enkephalin staining in Petromyzon is a general property of cells in the rostral pars distalis both in larvae and adults and cannot be correlated with such events in the life cycle as metamorphosis or reproduction. On the other hand, cells containing materials reactive with the anti-substance P serum appear at a very low level in the larva and grow in number and intensity of staining in a time pattern that parallels development of reproductive capacity. Furthermore, the disparity in time of synthesis and adenohypophysial and cellular distribution of Met-enkephalin-like and substance P-like materials indicates that these two peptides are not functionally related, as has been suggested for some higher vertebrates.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity for Met-enkephalin and substance P in cells of the adenohypophysis of larval and adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus. 257 75

Recent evidence has suggested that stress may suppress the immune system and increase the frequency and severity of viral and neoplastic disease. The mechanisms for stress-induced modulation of immune function are unclear, but several neuropeptides are thought to be involved. Because macrophages play an important role in the host defense against infection and neoplasia, several stress-related neuropeptides were screened in efforts to determine whether these substances affect macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity. Adrenocorticotropin and noradrenaline each completely blocked the capacity of mouse recombinant interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) to activate murine peritoneal macrophages to a tumoricidal state as measured by the lysis of 125I-UdR-labeled melanoma target cells. Vasoactive intestinal peptide significantly potentiated the suppressive effects of noradrenaline. In contrast, neurotensin markedly enhanced the cytolytic capability of peritoneal macrophages activated with INF-gamma. Several other neuropeptides, including substance P, alpha-endorphin, beta-endorphin, Leu-enkephalin, and Met-enkephalin, had no effect on macrophage activation. These findings demonstrate that selected stress-related neuropeptides and neurohormones significantly modulate the capacity of macrophages to attain a tumoricidal state and suggest that alteration of macrophage function by neuropeptides may be a prominent feature of stress-induced enhancement of neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Modulation of macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity by neuropeptides and neurohormones. 258 37


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