Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

No significant alterations in the levels of Met-enkephalin-, Leu-enkephalin-, cholecystokinin- and substance P-like immunoreactive materials were found in 10 areas of postmortem brains from patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) when compared to controls. These results are at difference with the marked decrease in the levels of enkephalin-, cholecystokinin- and substance P-like immunoreactive materials previously reported in the basal ganglia of parkinsonian patients. Since PSP and Parkinson's disease are both characterized by a severe dopamine nigrostriatal deficit, these results suggest that the decreased brain peptide concentrations found in Parkinson's disease do not simply result from a dopaminergic neuronal loss.
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PMID:Brain neuropeptides in progressive supranuclear palsy. 244 May 13

The concentrations of brain and spinal cord beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, dynorphin and substance P were measured in rats bearing the Freund adjuvant induced arthritis. Beta-endorphin brain concentrations decreased gradually in time with a nadir on day twenty-one, when arthritis was at its maximum, and were back to normal by day thirty-five, when arthritis was no more evident. Met-enkephalin concentrations increased in brain areas and in the lumbar spinal cord and returned to normal with the same time pattern, while dynorphin and substance P concentrations did not change. These data indicate that peripheral lesions can induce important changes in brain concentrations of some opioid peptides involved in the modulation of pain.
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PMID:Brain and spinal cord neuropeptides in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. 244 76

An isolated spinal cord-tail preparation of the newborn rat was developed and used for studying the effects of various drugs. The cord and the tail were separately perfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Application of capsaicin in a small amount to the tail induced a depolarizing response of the lumbar ventral root (L3-L5) lasting for about 30 sec. The stimulating action of capsaicin was potentiated by previous perfusion of the tail with a medium containing prostaglandin E1 or E2. The capsaicin-induced nociceptive reflex was depressed by application to the spinal cord of morphine, Met-enkephalin, dynorphin (1-13), somatostatin, adenosine, GABA and a substance P (SP) antagonist [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]SP, and potentiated by bicuculline. The present preparation will be useful for the future studies on pain and analgesic drugs.
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PMID:Effect of a substance P antagonist on capsaicin-induced nociceptive reflex in the isolated spinal cord-tail preparation of the rat. 244 68

Intraventricular injection of morphine sulfate, 40 micrograms, released an enzyme from the spinal cord into the perfusate which degraded dynorphin A (1-8) and, to a lesser extent, dynorphin A (1-13) in urethane anesthetized rats. The enzyme did not degrade dynorphin A (1-17), Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, substance P and neurotensin. This dynorphin A (1-8) degrading enzyme was inhibited by aprotinin, thiorphan, and, to a lesser extent, by bacitracin but was not inhibited by bestatin. A kinetic study of the interaction between dynorphin A (1-8) and aprotinin with the enzyme indicated that it is competitive in nature. The pharmacological significance of the findings is still unknown.
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PMID:Release of a dynorphin A (1-8) degrading enzyme from the spinal cord by intraventricular morphine in the rat. 245 Nov 4

Neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity to antisera raised against Leu- and Met-enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P (SP) have been studied immunohistochemically in middle cervical and stellate ganglia of dogs. To investigate the relationship of the peptides to one another as well as to preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, intact and chronically decentralized middle cervical and stellate ganglia were studied. Ganglia were processed for immunohistochemistry in unoperated dogs and in dogs two weeks after unilateral ganglionic decentralization. The immunoreactivity for each peptide had a characteristic distribution in the ganglia. These distributions differed from one another and from the distribution of cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Camera lucida drawings of peptide distributions were made to compare different peptides and counts were made to determine the percentages of cells immunoreactive for a given peptide. The results demonstrated that enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in axons was present in both the stellate and middle cervical ganglia, but was heaviest in the caudal 2/3 of the stellate ganglia. Enkephalin-like immunoreactive fibers formed pericellular baskets around stellate ganglion neurons. VIP-like immunoreactive cell bodies and processes were distributed sparsely, but widely, in the stellate ganglia and to a lesser extent in the middle cervical ganglia. One of two commercial antisera to SP resulted in immunoreactive staining of cell bodies and processes in the stellate ganglia. SP-like immunoreactivity in neurons represented about 10% or less of the cells in the stellate ganglia. At least 80-85% of the neurons in the stellate and middle cervical ganglia were immunoreactive for NPY antisera. Decentralization eliminated enkephalin-like immunoreactive staining in the middle cervical and stellate ganglia, but not the VIP-, NPY- and SP-like immunoreactive staining of neurons in these ganglia. In summary, the enkephalin-like immunoreactive axons in the thoracic autonomic ganglia appear to be derived from extrinsic neurons, most likely from preganglionic spinal neurons. VIP-, SP- and NPY-like immunoreactivity were not significantly affected by decentralization. The results provide anatomical evidence for substrates related to neuropeptidergic synaptic mechanisms in thoracic autonomic ganglia.
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PMID:Distribution of neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in intact and chronically decentralized middle cervical and stellate ganglia of dogs. 245 49

Beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin, substance P, somatostatin and dynorphin concentrations were evaluated in right and left brain areas, and in cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spinal cord of rats that underwent section of either the right, the left, both sciatic nerves, the right brachial plexus, the saphenous, or the sural nerve. With all the surgeries, beta-endorphin concentrations decreased significantly in all brain areas with the exception of the striatum where they did not change. By contrast Met-enkephalin increased in all brain areas and in the spinal cord tracts interested by the lesions. The other peptides were always unaffected. The changes in the concentrations of the neuropeptides were observed starting twenty-four hours after surgery and lasted for at least four months. We did not find a lateralization in the brain peptide concentrations of either sham operated or unilaterally deafferentated rats. Moreover, the treatment with serotoninergic agents normalized the concentrations of beta-endorphin, suggesting a role of the serotoninergic system in the decrease of the peptide that follows the lesion of peripheral nerves.
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PMID:Central nervous system neuropeptides after peripheral nerve deafferentation. 245 55

The distribution in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) of substance P (SP) and Met-enkephalin (Met-enk), two neuropeptides related to pain modulation, was investigated. The study was carried out at different mesencephalic levels, with immunocytochemical methods in both "normal" and colchicine treated rats. The SP immunoreactive structures are made up of uniformly distributed fibers and neurons. The latter are particularly numerous in the ventral PAG and their number increases in a caudo-cranial direction. Along the midbrain axis, however, no significant variation of the Met-enk elements was observed. The Met-enk fibers are most numerous in lateral PAG, together with the few positive cells, which are also present. The comparison between the present results and others reported in the literature suggests that there may be species differences in the distribution of the two neuropeptides. The distribution of immunostructures has been discussed in the light of the physiological and cytoarchitectural features of PAG.
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PMID:The distribution of substance P and met-enkephalin in the periaqueductal gray matter of the rat. 245 1

Partially purified nerve varicosities (PV) prepared from guinea pig ileal myenteric plexus were found to contain, by radioimmunoassay, gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP), substance P (SP), galanin, Leu-enkephalin (LE), Met-enkephalin (ME), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). SP was present in the highest concentration followed by, in descending order, ME, LE, VIP, GRP and galanin. On reverse-phase HPLC, SP-, LE- and ME-like immunoreactivity in the PV preparation eluted at retention times similar to their synthetic analogues, galanin-like immunoreactivity eluted at a retention time different from that of synthetic porcine galanin and VIP-like immunoreactivity eluted at the retention time of synthetic guinea pig VIP. GRP-like immunoreactivity, on reverse-phase HPLC, eluted at retention times close to that of synthetic porcine GRP-(1-27) and its major oxidized form. Evidence was obtained for the presence of an alpha-neurokinin-like immunoreactive entity and an unidentified SP-like immunoreactive entity in guinea pig myenteric plexus.
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PMID:Characterization of content and chromatographic forms of neuropeptides in purified nerve varicosities prepared from guinea pig myenteric plexus. 245 23

A double-labeling immunofluorescence technique was employed to investigate the co-localization of the functionally antagonistic neuropeptides, substance P and enkephalins, within intraspinal neurons of the rat. Anti-Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Enk-8) antiserum was used as a marker of the preproenkephalin A neuron system. The observations were focused on the lumbar spinal cord. Co-localization was most prominent within neurons in the substantia gelatinosa, in which more than 95% of substance P-like immunoreactivity neurons showed Enk-8-like immunoreactivity. These double-labeled cells corresponded to 45% of Enk-8-like immunoreactive neurons in the same area. This suggests that SP/Enk-8 interaction occurs at the axon terminals of the substantia gelatinosa neurons. In deeper layers of the dorsal horn (laminae III, IV), only 14% and 6% of SP-like immunoreactive and Enk-8-like immunoreactive neurons were double labeled, respectively. Co-localization was also observed in neurons located in the laminae I, V, VII and X, suggesting concomitant involvement of these peptides in a variety of spinal cord functions.
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PMID:Co-localization of substance P and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the intraspinal neurons of the rat, with special reference to the neurons in the substantia gelatinosa. 245 30

Lesions were made to interrupt potential sources of peptidergic input to the lateral spinal nucleus (LSn) in rats. Rhizotomies and spinal transections, as well as lesions of the lateral funiculus, failed to reduce immunohistochemical staining for substance P, dynorphin, Met-enkephalin, somatostatin and FMRF-amide in the LSn at lumbar levels. Thus, all examined peptidergic afferent input to the LSn appears to originate locally within the spinal cord.
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PMID:Studies of peptidergic input to the lateral spinal nucleus. 246 62


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