Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interactions between the positively charged neuropeptides substance P (SP), bradykinin (BK), and zwitterionic Met-enkephalin (ME) neuropeptides, and negatively charged SDS and zwitterionic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) membrane model systems, have been investigated using one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments. Proton longitudinal relaxation studies were used to characterize these interactions as intrinsic or extrinsic. An extrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for extrinsic membrane proteins. An intrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for intrinsic membrane proteins, and would require that the hydrophobic residues penetrate or insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The interactions between both SP and BK and SDS, based on nmr results, may be characterized as intrinsic, and the interaction between ME and SDS may be characterized as extrinsic. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments proved the insertion of the phenylalanine residues on both SP and BK into the hydrophobic core of SDS micelles. The interaction between SP and BK with LPC based on nmr results are characterized as extrinsic, with the interaction between ME and SDS characterized as weakly intrinsic.
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PMID:The interactions of neuropeptides with membrane model systems: a case study. 137 14

Intramuscular hemangiomas are idiopathic lesions which are either tumoral or developmental in origin. A close association of abnormal blood vessels with nerve fibers is found and may suggest that nerves have a primary inciting role in the development of these lesions. In the current study, the number of nerve fibers in different zones around the tumors, as well as the type of neuropeptides present in these fibers, was quantitatively assessed by computer-assisted image analysis of immunohistochemical staining of histological slides. The number of nerve fibers as determined by positive staining by anti-protein S-100 antibodies was found to be elevated in the immediate vicinity of the abnormal blood vessels. The density of the nerve fibers rapidly declined with increasing distance from the hemangiomas, reaching normal values at distances of over 2 mm. Furthermore, hemangiomas contain a significantly higher number of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P, and Met-enkephalin-positive fibers. The most significant rise in number is that of CGRP-positive fibers. This neuropeptide is a known mitogen, which could be responsible for the growth of the hemangiomatous blood vessels. Substance P is a nociceptive neurotransmitter and its presence can explain the pain which often accompanies even tiny intramuscular hemangiomas.
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PMID:Neuropeptidergic innervation of intramuscular hemangiomas. 137 96

Common marmosets were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 1.25-2.5 mg/kg s.c., twice a week) for 5-10 consecutive months. The initial doses of MPTP produced a severe parkinsonian syndrome but motor activity was partially recovered at the end of treatment. Fifteen days or 6 months after the last MPTP dose, monkeys were sacrificed. In addition to a strong decrease of dopamine in the striatum, there were significant reductions in substance P and Met-enkephalin content in the substantia nigra, caudate nucleus and putamen. In the globus pallidus, the reduction in peptide levels did not reach statistical significance as compared to controls. Neurotensin levels were also decreased in the caudate nucleus. The chronic administration of MPTP for 5-10 months induces changes in substance P and Met-enkephalin systems which resemble the degeneration found in brains from parkinsonian patients.
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PMID:Chronic MPTP treatment reduces substance P and met-enkephalin content in the basal ganglia of the marmoset. 138 Aug 67

The endocrine cells of rainbow trout pyloric ceca and intestine have been investigated immunocytochemically using the avidin-biotin method. Twenty-six antisera were tested and 13 endocrine cell types immunoreacted with antisera to serotonin, somatostatin-25, bombesin, C-flanking bombesin, substance P, salmon PP, NPY, PYY, PP, glucagon, GLP1, Met-enkephalin, and CCK/G. Glucagon and GLP1 immunoreactivities appear in the same cells. Nerves positive to serotonin, substance P, PHI, and VIP were also found. The presence of cells positive to somatostatin-25, C-flanking bombesin, and salmon PP are described for the first time in fish intestine.
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PMID:Endocrine cells and nerves in the pyloric ceca and the intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei): an immunocytochemical study. 138 78

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy has been used as a rapid method to evaluate the hydrophobic interactions between a series of cationic and zwitterionic neuropeptides and dipeptides with the hydrophobic core of two membrane model systems; sodium dodecyl sulfate and lysophosphatidylcholine micelles. If a hydrophobic interaction occurs, a 1-nm bathochromic shift is observed in the uv-visible spectrum of the aromatic side chains when going from aqueous solution to a micellar solution. The aromatic residues of substance P, bradykinin, and Des-Arg9 bradykinin all exhibited the 1-nm bathochromic shift in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate while those of Met-enkephalin did not. The opposite effects were observed in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine micelles.
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PMID:The use of UV-visible spectroscopy for the determination of hydrophobic interactions between neuropeptides and membrane model systems. 142 Sep 72

A pre-embedding immunohistochemical method to detect Met-enkephalin was combined with postembedding immunohistochemistry with GABA and glycine antisera, in order to determine whether or not Met-enkephalin coexisted with either of these inhibitory transmitters in neuronal cell bodies within the superficial dorsal horn of the rat. The distribution of immunostaining with the three antisera was similar to that which has been described previously. Of 74 enkephalin-immunoreactive neurones in laminae II and III, 51 were immunoreactive with the GABA antiserum and 23 were not. All of the neurones which were not GABA-immunoreactive were located in lamina II. None of the enkephalin-immunoreactive cells showed glycine-like immunoreactivity. These results suggest that enkephalin is present both in GABAergic neurones and in neurones which do not contain GABA within the rat superficial dorsal horn. It is likely that the population of neurones immunoreactive with both enkephalin and GABA antisera includes lamina II islet cells and that the population which were enkephalin-immunoreactive but not GABA-immunoreactive includes stalked cells. In addition, this latter group may correspond to those cells which possess both enkephalin- and substance P-like immunoreactivity and which have been described previously in this area.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical evidence that Met-enkephalin and GABA coexist in some neurones in rat dorsal horn. 151 35

The incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) among the Chamorros in Guam is remarkably high. The patients with ALS have clinical and pathological characteristics similar to those in other parts of the world. The PDC patients display parkinsonism and progressive dementia and show a characteristic neuronal loss in certain parts of the central nervous system such as the hippocampus and substantia nigra. The Guamanian patients with ALS and PDC commonly have widespread Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, but without the associated senile plaques. We have applied immunohistochemical procedures to examine the expression of marker substances in Guamanian ALS and PDC. The markers studied include tau protein, ubiquitin, beta proteins, synaptophysin, calcineurin, Met-enkephalin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. The results were compared with the findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sporadic ALS and familial ALS.
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PMID:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam: immunohistochemical studies. 158 17

To investigate the functional relationship between the enteric nervous system and the intestinal neurotensin (N) cells, the release of neurotensin (NT) was measured upon vascular 8-min infusion periods of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in an isolated vascularly perfused rat jejunoileum. NT-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) was measured with an antiserum that specifically recognizes intact NT. The cholinergic agonists methacholine and carbachol produced a strong release of NT-LI (250% and 700% of basal, respectively at 10(-5) M). The infusion of a lower dose (10(-7) M) was less effective in both cases. The nicotinic receptor agonist DMPP (10(-4) M) had no significant effect on NT-LI release. Norepinephrine (10(-6) M) produced a moderate and well-sustained secretion of NT (200% of basal). Infusion of higher doses of these neurotransmitters dramatically increased the arterial pressure. G-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), histamine, serotonin and dopamine administered at final concentrations up to 10(-5) M had no effect on NT-LI release. In contrast, gastrin-releasing peptide and bombesin induced a dose-dependent transient increase of portal NT-LI (maximal value at 10(-7) M: 1000% of basal) followed by a rapid return to near basal values. Substance P (10(-7) M) evoked a prompt release of NT-LI with a peak at 600% of basal followed by a decline to 200% of basal at the end of the session. Leu-enkephalin and calcitonin-gene-related-peptide (CGRP, 10(-7) M) produced a small rise in portal NT-LI, while Met-enkephalin, dynorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), neuromedin U and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) had no stimulatory effect. Our results indicate that additionally to the secretion of NT induced by cholinergic agents and bombesin, substance P and to a lesser extent Leu-enkephalin are capable of stimulating NT release in the rat.
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PMID:Release of ileal neurotensin in the rat by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. 167 14

A membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase was purified from the longitudinal muscle layer of the guinea pig small intestine by four steps of column chromatography using L-tyrosine beta-naphthylamide. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 105,000 by gel filtration. The maximum activity was observed between pH 6.5 and 7.0. The Km value for leucine-enkephalin was 137 microM. The aminopeptidase activity toward aminoacyl beta-naphthylamide substrates was restricted to basic, neutral, and aromatic aminoacyl derivatives. No action was detected on acidic amino acid and proline derivatives. The enzyme was potently inhibited by the aminopeptidase inhibitors actinonin, amastatin, and bestatin, and bioactive peptides such as angiotensin III, substance P, and Met-Lys-bradykinin. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by the antibody against the purified serum enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase of guinea pig at concentrations similar to those at which activity was observed toward serum enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase and renal aminopeptidase M. The enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin with the sequential removal of the N-terminal amino acid residues. The enzyme also hydrolyzed two enkephalin derivatives, angiotensin III and neurokinin A. However, neurotensin, substance P, and bradykinin were not cleaved. These properties indicated that the membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase in the longitudinal muscle layer of the small intestine is similar to the serum enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase and resembles aminopeptidase M. It is therefore suggested to play an important role in the metabolism of some bioactive peptides including enkephalin in peripheral nervous systems in vivo.
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PMID:Enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase in the longitudinal muscle layer of guinea pig small intestine: its properties and action on neuropeptides. 167 58

The distribution and incidence of substance P (SP)- and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (ENK-8)-like immunoreactive granule cells in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of male rats was studied immunohistochemically. In the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb, numerous ENK-8-like immunoreactive granule cells were observed but SP-like immunoreactive ones were rare (less than 1%). On the other hand, in the granule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, both SP-like immunoreactive and ENK-8-like immunoreactive granule cells were numerous. 15-20% of these neurons contained both the peptides.
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PMID:Peptidergic granule cell populations in the rat main and accessory olfactory bulb. 169 71


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