Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution and quantity of neuropeptides in the rat pterygopalatine ganglion were studied by using complete serial paraffin sections of the ganglion immunostained with antiserum against several neuropeptides. The pterygopalatine ganglion, composed of 4932 +/- 291 (mean +/- SD) neurons, was triangular in shape with a tapering caudal tail. The most commonly found peptide in neurons was vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (99.0%), followed by neuropeptide Y (NPY) (54.1%) and enkephalin (10.5%). The rostro-ventromedial and caudal parts of the ganglion where intensely VIP-immunoreactive neurons predominate project to the nasal mucosa, while the rostro-dorsolateral part of the ganglion where NPY-immunoreactive neurons predominate projects to the Harderian gland. The coexistence of VIP/NPY (47.4%), VIP/NPY/enkephalin (6.6%) or VIP/enkephalin (3.9%) in the ganglionic neurons was recognized. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P-immunoreactive varicosities formed synaptic contacts with the somatic spine or soma, which confirmed that the reflex arch, composed of axon collaterals of trigeminal ganglionic neurons and parasympathetic ganglionic neurons, operates through direct synapses. Enkephalin-immunoreactive varicosities, which were probably derived from parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, also made synaptic contact with the somatic spine.
Arch Histol Cytol 1992 Dec
PMID:Distribution of neuropeptides in rat pterygopalatine ganglion: light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies. 128 5

Although pulpal neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P may mediate neurogenic inflammation, little is known about the regulation of neuropeptide release from dental pulp. This article describes an in vitro method for superfusing dental pulp which permits the study of mechanisms regulating the release of immunoreactive CGRP (iCGRP). Tissue extracts from bovine dental pulp dilute in parallel to authentic calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P peptide standards when assayed by radioimmunoassay. Pulpal levels of iCGRP were 17-fold greater than levels of immunoreactive substance P. Administration of a potassium pulse evoked a significant release of iCGRP from dental pulp (155 +/- 21 fmol/g/9 min) as compared with iCGRP spontaneously released from concurrent control chambers (18 +/- 11 fmol/g/9 min). The in vitro superfusion of pulp tissue may serve as a useful method for identifying peripherally acting drugs which modulate nociceptor secretory activity and for determining their mechanisms of action.
J Endod 1992 Dec
PMID:An in vitro method to evaluate regulation of neuropeptide release from dental pulp. 128 48

We treated rat pups with nerve growth factor (10 micrograms/animal/day s.c.) over postnatal days 1-7. Subsequent adult neuron numbers and tyrosine hydroxylase content in superior cervical ganglion were normal, but preganglionic inputs, as gauged from ganglionic choline acetyltransferase, were reduced. In parallel, intraganglionic axon terminals containing calcitonin gene-related peptide, but not those containing substance P, were increased in number. We postulate that neonatal nerve growth factor stimulates sprouting of ingrowing axons that have entered the ganglion soon after birth and that this represses subsequent establishment of cholinergic preganglionic synapses.
Neurosci Lett 1992 Dec 14
PMID:Neonatal nerve growth factor treatment alters the preganglionic innervation pattern of rat superior cervical ganglion. 128 38

The distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity was investigated in the guinea-pig small intestine. There were many immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in the myenteric plexus but very few in submucous ganglia. NOS immunoreactivity was not found in non-neuronal cells except for rare mucosal endocrine cells. Abundant immunoreactive nerve fibres in both myenteric and submucous ganglia, and in the circular muscle, arose from myenteric nerve cells whose axons projected anally along the intestine. NOS immunoreactivity coexisted with VIP-immunoreactivity, but not with substance P immunoreactivity. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase is located in a sub-population of enteric neurons, amongst which are inhibitory motor neurons that supply the circular muscle layer.
Neurosci Lett 1992 Dec 14
PMID:Projections and chemical coding of neurons with immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase in the guinea-pig small intestine. 128 39

The nucleus preopticus medianus (POMe) is known to be important for the regulation of fluid balance and cardiovascular control. Direct projections from the POMe to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), where vasopressin-containing neurons exist, were examined in the rat using immunohistochemistry combined with a retrograde tract tracing method. After injection of WGA-HRP-colloidal gold into the PVN, many neurons were retrogradely labeled in the POMe; some of them were immunoreactive to Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (mE8) or substance P (SP). The results indicate that mE8- and SP-immunoreactive neurons in the POMe send their axons to the PVN.
Neurosci Lett 1992 Dec 14
PMID:Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8- and substance P-containing projections from the nucleus preopticus medianus to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. 128 43

It is a common clinical observation that stretch reflex excitability increases progressively after spinal transsection in man, and causes many severe complications. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role and mechanism of substance P (SP) on the spinal reflex following spinal cord transsection. We first observed the changes of spontaneous electromyography (EMG) recorded in the paralyzed limbs of spinally transsected rats, and found that the EMG amplitude increased progressively within 40 days. The results were as follows: 1) Spontaneous EMG increased significantly following intrathecal injection of 1 microgram capsaicin, and the sensitivity of EMG to capsaicin increased progressively with time. But this effect could be partly blocked by pretreatment with SP antiserum. 2) Spontaneous EMG increased significantly following intrathecal injection of SP. Yet the time course was relatively short and the amplitude of EMG was lower. These results indicate that SP in the spinal dorsal horn participates in the regulation of myotension, and it is suggested that to decrease SP content in the spinal dorsal horn or block the afferent fibers of dorsal roots might be an effective therapy to reduce the hypermyotension caused by spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis or other reasons.
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1992 Dec
PMID:[The role of substance P in the modulation of myotension in paralyzed limbs after spinal transsection on rats]. 128 59

The effect of unilateral injection of the neurokinin substance P (SP) and of certain N- or C-terminal SP-fragments into the region of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) on inhibitory avoidance learning was investigated. Rats with chronically implanted cannulae were tested on a one-trial uphill avoidance task. Immediately after the training trial, rats were injected with 0.74 pmol SP or equimolar dosed SP(1-7), DIME-C7, or SP(7-11). Control groups included vehicle-injected rats and a group given an injection of SP(1-7) 5-h after the trial. When tested 24 h later, rats treated with SP or SP(1-7), but not with DIME-C7 or SP(7-11), exhibited longer step-up latencies than vehicle-treated controls. The retention latencies for rats in the SP(1-7) 5-h delay group did not differ from those of vehicle-injected animals, ruling out proactive effects of SP(1-7) on performance. The results show that SP facilitates retention of an inhibitory avoidance response when injected into the NBM. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence that encodes this effect may be located in the N-terminal part of the SP-molecule.
Exp Neurol 1992 Dec
PMID:Enhanced learning produced by injection of neurokinin substance P into the region of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis: mediation by the N-terminal sequence. 128 61

Ability of the substance P to enhance the tolerance of feeding and defence motivations of ethanol was studied in rabbits. Ethanol led to disintegration of central mechanisms of both feeding and escape responses elicited by a threshold electrical stimulation of lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic centres. Subsequent i.v. administration of the substance P restored the effects of midbrain RF on the motivational centres. The inhibitory effect of the dorsal hippocampus and the facilitatory effect of the midbrain RF on excitability of the lateral hypothalamus, are also restored. The data obtained suggest that the substance P is able to increase a tolerance of the central mechanisms of biological motivations of ethanol.
Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 1992 Dec
PMID:[Substance P and the resistance of biological motivations to ethanol]. 128 75

A description of cellular factors that govern alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is largely incomplete. In the case of the rat preprotachykinin gene, splicing of the alternative exon E4 occurs by a poorly understood mechanism in which exon selection is under the positive control of U1 snRNP. Because the binding of U1 snRNP to the 5' splice site of E4 is coincident with the selection of the 3' splice site of E4, this mechanism would appear to involve interactions that bridge across the exon. In this work, a UV cross-linking strategy was used to identify possible RNA-protein interactions involved in the proposed exon-bridging model. Of particular interest is a prominent 61-kD protein, p61, that binds to the 3' splice site of E4 in a manner that is clearly facilitated by a downstream 5' splice site and U1 snRNP particles. The identity of p61 is the essential splicing factor U2AF65, on the basis of copurification and selective binding to polypyrimidine tracts. These results indicate a model in which exon selection is positively regulated by the communication of U1 snRNP and U2AF65. That is, a natural deficiency in binding U2AF65 to the 3' splice site that leads to exon skipping might be overcome by a mechanism in which U1 snRNP facilitates the binding of U2AF65 through a network of template-directed and exon-bridging interactions.
Genes Dev 1992 Dec
PMID:U1 snRNP targets an essential splicing factor, U2AF65, to the 3' splice site by a network of interactions spanning the exon. 128 25

In patients with severe hypertension and in age and sex matched controls the circulating levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) and substance P-LI were measured. Samples were taken before medication, after 2-4 weeks and 2-12 months of pharmacological treatment to normotension. In the control group CGRP-LI levels were significantly higher for females than for males. No such relation was seen for substance P-LI. There were no correlations between CGRP-LI, substance P-LI or blood pressure. In the untreated acute hypertensive group there was a significant correlation between circulating levels of CGRP-LI and both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. No such relationship was seen for substance P-LI. The plasma levels of substance P-LI were significantly elevated (2.8 +/- 4.0) compared to controls (1.3 +/- 1.3, pmol/l, mean +/- S.D., p < 0.01). The levels of CGRP-LI did not differ from the control group. After 2-4 weeks of treatment the blood pressure decreased significantly and the plasma levels of substance P-LI were normalized while the CGRP-LI still did not differ from that of controls. After 2-12 months of treatment the blood pressure was still normalized, and the plasma levels of CGRP-LI and substance P-LI were not different from the control group. In the present study there was a positive correlation in hypertensives between the circulating CGRP-LI levels and diastolic and systolic blood pressure and elevated levels of substance P-LI. This would implicate the existence of a dynamic control through which the sensory system may register and damp the pressure response.
Blood Press 1992 Dec
PMID:Sensory nerve terminal activity in severe hypertension as reflected by circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. 128 70


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