Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by systemic pain of unknown etiology and is often accompanied by various psychological symptoms. Research on different parameters in fibromyalgia (FM) indicates that multifactors are involved in its pathophysiology; such as genetic factors, substance P, serotonin, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA), muscles metabolic dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of FM; therefore, supplementation with antioxidants may be important in modulation of the effects of ROS in patients with FM.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and antioxidant status of patients with fibromyalgia. 2037 69

Four kinds of organic-inorganic cementing and coating materials were prepared by a coating method using water as the solvent, and the corresponding cemented and coated fertilizers (B2, PS, F2, and F2F) were produced by disc pelletizer. The tests on the properties of these fertilizers showed that the granulation rate, compression strength, and film-forming rate were B2 > PS > F2 > F2F. Soil column leaching experiment showed that the curve of accumulated nitrogen-dissolving rate was the gentlest for B2. In 48 days, the accumulated nitrogen-dissolving rate was in the order of B2, 54.65% < PS, 56.16% < F2, 59.47%, < F2F, 63.12%. Field experiment showed that compared with the same application amount of NPK, all the test fertilizers had better effects on corn yield, among which, B2 was the best, with the corn yield and fertilizer use efficiency increased by 19.72% and 20.30%, respectively. The yield-increasing effect of other test fertilizers was in the order of PS > F2 > F2F.
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PMID:[Development and evaluation of fertilizers cemented and coated with organic-inorganic materials]. 2038 32

Herbal pharmaceutical wastewater possesses high chemical oxygen demand (COD) (21,960-26,000 mg/l) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (11,200-15,660 mg/l) and suspended solids (SS) (5,460-7,370 mg/l). It cannot be directly discharged into surface water bodies, due to its highly biodegradable nature. Herbal pharmaceutical wastewater has been treated by using vermifilter, which is an ecosystem consisting of biosoil with bacteria and earthworms producing vermicastings. In the present studies a cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable method has been applied for the treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater using earthworms. Studies were carried out at different organic loadings, ranging between 0.8 and 3.2 kg COD/m(3)day at three different hydraulic loadings of 1, 2 and 4 days. Vermifilters packed with 1:1:1 ratio of soil, sand and vermicast as media matrix along with the twenty adult earthworms in each reactor was used for the experiments. Treated effluent was colour and odour free. Efficient COD/BOD removals in the range of 85.44%-94.48% and 89.77%-96.26% were obtained respectively at 2 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). Heavy metal removals were also observed and no sludge production problem was encountered, only nutrient rich vermicast from the filters were removed and analysed after the experiments. It showed higher manurial value than control in terms of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) and were in the range of 178.75-278.75 Kg/hectare available nitrogen, 16.128-50.4 kg/hectare of available phosphorus and 19.3-28.6 kg/hectare of available potassium at maximum HRT and at different organic loadings. This paper discusses in detail the feasibility of vermifilters in herbal pharmaceutical wastewater treatment at different organic and hydraulic loadings.
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PMID:Vermifilters: a tool for aerobic biological treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater. 2041 35

The classical tachykinins, substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B are predominantly found in the nervous system where they act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Significantly reduced levels of these peptides were observed in neurodegenerative diseases and it may be suggested that this reduction may also result from the copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation. The studies of the interaction of copper(II) with neurokinin A and the copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation were performed. Copper(II) complexes of the neurokinin A (His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH(2)) and acetyl-neurokinin A (Ac-His-Lys-Thr-Asp-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly-Leu-Met-NH(2)) were studied by potentiometric, UV-Vis (UV-visible), CD (circular dichroism) and EPR spectroscopic methods to determine the stoichiometry, stability constants and coordination modes in the complexes formed. The histidine residue in first position of the peptide chain of neurokinin A coordinates strongly to Cu(II) ion with histamine-like {NH(2), N(Im)} coordination mode. With increasing of pH, the formation of a dimeric complex Cu(2)H(2)L(2) was found but this dimeric species does not prevent the deprotonation and coordination of the amide nitrogens. In the Ac-neurokinin A case copper(II) coordination starts from the imidazole nitrogen of the His; afterwards three deprotonated amide nitrogens are progressively involved in copper coordination. To elucidate the products of the copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation of the neurokinin A and Ac-neurokinin A, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method and Cu(II)/hydrogen peroxide as a model oxidizing system were employed. Oxidation target for both studied peptides is the histidine residue coordinated to the metal ions. Both peptides contain Met and His residues and are very susceptible on the copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation.
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PMID:Coordination abilities of neurokinin A and its derivative and products of metal-catalyzed oxidation. 2043 51

In wetland ecosystem, nitrogen along with other elements and its management is most imperative for the production of so many aquatic food, non-food and beneficial medicinal plants and for the improvement of soil and water characteristics. With great significant importance of INM (integrated nutrient management) as sources, emphasizing on management on nitrogen as a key element and its divergence, a case study was undertaken on such aquatic food crops (starch and protein-rich, most popular and remunerative) in the farmers' field of low-lying 'Tal' situation of New Alluvial Zone of Indian subtropics. The study was designed in factorial randomized block design, where, three important aquatic food crops (water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.), makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) and water lily (Nymphaea spp.) as major factor and eleven combinations of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as sub-factor was considered in the experiment. It revealed from the results that the production of fresh kernels or nuts of water chestnut (8.57 t ha(-1)), matured nut yield of makhana (3.06 t ha(-1)) and flower stalks of water-lily as vegetables (6.38 t ha(-1)) including its nutritional quality (starch, protein, sugar and minerals) was remarkably influenced with the application of both organic (neem oilcake @ 0.2 t ha(-1)) and inorganic sources (NPK @ 30:20:20 kg ha(-1) along with spraying of NPK @ 0.5% each over crop canopy at 20 days interval after transplanting) than the other INM combinations applied to the crops. Among the crops, highest WCYE (water chestnut yield equivalence) exhibited in makhana due to its high price of popped-form in the country, which is being exported to other countries at now. Sole application of both (organic and inorganic sources) with lower range did not produce any significant outcome from the study and exhibited lower value for all the crops. Besides production of food crops, INM also greatly influenced the soil and water characterization and it was favourably reflected in this study. The physico-chemical characteristics of soil (textural class, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) are most important and contributed a significant improvement due to cultivation of these aquatic crops. Analysis of such wet bodies represented the water characteristics (pH, BOD, COD, CO(3)(=), HCO(3)(-), NO(3)(-)N, SO(4)(-)S and Cl(-)) were most responsive, adaptable and quite favourable for the cultivation of these crops in this vast waste unused wetlands for the mankind without any environmental degradation.
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PMID:Balanced nitrogen economy as a flexible strategy on yield stabilizing and quality of aquatic food crops in wetland ecosystem. 2054 52

Sugar industry-derived pressmud was mixed with an equal amount of cow dung (1:1), and vermicomposted with Perionyx ceylanensis Mich. The resultant vermicompost had a pH of 7.33, electrical conductivity of 2.32dS/m, a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 1.63%, 2.38%, and 3.13%, respectively, an organic carbon content of 29% and a C/N ratio of 17.89. The increase of NPK in vermicompost over worm-free compost was 36.94%, 28.56%, and 20.82%, respectively. The populations of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi increased in the compost in the presence of the earthworms. In the worm guts, the microbial populations were highest in the midgut. Correlation of microbial population increase with duration of vermicomposting was statistically significant at P>0.05 (r=0.973, 0.99, and 0.993, respectively for bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes). The changes in total bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetes populations positively correlated with duration of vermicomposting. The study indicates that pressmud can be effectively converted into nutrient- and microorganism-rich vermicompost with P. ceylanensis when mixed with cow dung in 1:1 ratio.
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PMID:Vermistabilization of pressmud using Perionyx ceylanensis Mich. 2059 35

In this laboratory study, we investigated the attractiveness of gravid Aedes aegypti females for aquatic habitats containing either NPK fertilizer or plant matter or a mixture of both. The development of larvae, adult emergence and weight of emerged adults were measured for each group and physicochemical analysis of water was made for the dosage of minerals and organic compounds. After 23 days experiment, NPK solution remained as attractive as the mixture of NPK + plant matter but did not ensure suitable development of larvae. The plant matter infusion showed less attractiveness for laying eggs than NPK but provided larvae with sufficient organic nutrients for their development. The combination of both NPK + plant matter provided the greatest attractiveness for gravid females and sufficient organic substance allowing mosquito larvae to grow. Physicochemical analyses of water containing NPK showed minerals only (NH4(+)+NO3(-)+P+K) whereas plant matter showed high content of carbon and nitrogen. The NPK + plant matter mixture contained both organic and minerals elements that favoured the proliferation of bacteria and then the development of mosquito larvae. These findings could lead to the development of new traps that could attract females mosquitoes and killed hatched larvae if mix with appropriate larvicides.
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PMID:[Influence of plant matter and NPK fertilizer on the biology of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)]. 2059 42

Topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from long-term Chinese agro-ecosystem experiments presented in 76 reports with measurements over 1977 and 2006. The data set comprised 481 observations (135 rice paddies and 346 dry croplands) of SOC under different fertilization schemes at 70 experimental sites (28 rice paddies and 42 dry croplands). The data set covered 16 dominant soil types found in croplands across 23 provinces of mainland China. The fertilization schemes were grouped into six categories: N (inorganic nitrogen fertilizer only), NP (compound inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers), NPK (compound inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers), O (organic fertilizers only), OF (combined inorganic/organic fertilization) and Others (other unbalanced fertilizations such as P only, K only, P plus K and N plus K). Relative change in SOC content was analyzed, and rice paddies and dry croplands soils were compared. There was an overall temporal increase in topsoil SOC content, and relative annual change (RAC, g kg(-1) yr(-1)) ranged -0.14-0.60 (0.13 on average) for dry cropland soils and -0.12-0.70 (0.19 on average) for rice paddies. SOC content increase was higher in rice paddies than in dry croplands. SOC increased across experimental sites, but was higher under organic fertilization and combined organic/inorganic fertilizations than chemical fertilizations. SOC increase was higher under balanced chemical fertilizations with compound N, P and K fertilizers than unbalanced fertilizations such as N only, N plus P, and N plus K. The effects of specific rational fertilizations on SOC increase persisted for 15 years in dry croplands and 20 years in rice paddies, although RAC values decreased generally as the experiment duration increased. Therefore, the extension of rational fertilization in China's croplands may offer a technical option to enhance C sequestration potential and to sustain long-term crop productivity.
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PMID:Changes in cropland topsoil organic carbon with different fertilizations under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments across mainland China. 2069 75

Soil samples were collected from the plow layers at two long-term experiment sites in Xinhua and Ningxiang counties of Hunan Province, China to study the effects of long-term fertilization on organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity of paddy soils. Long-term fertilization showed great effects on the soil N content. Compared with CK, treatments NPK plus manure or straw increased the contents of soil total acid-hydrolysable N and its fractions amino sugar N, amino acid N, and ammonium N. Treatment NPK had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass C and N, but treatments NPK plus manure increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C and N significantly. BIOLOG test showed that treatments NPK plus manure enhanced the carbon utilization efficiency of soil microbes, and improved the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, compared with CK. Long-term different fertilizer treatments resulted in the differences of carbon substrate utilization patterns of soil microbial communities.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soils organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity]. 2087 23

The leather industry produces a large quantity of solid waste (wet blue leather), which contains a high amount of chromium. After its removal from wet blue leather, a solid collagenic material is recovered, containing high nitrogen levels, which can be used as a nitrogen source in agriculture. In order to take more advantage of the collagen, it was enriched with mineral P and K in order to produce NPK formulations. The objective was also to evaluate the efficiency of such formulations as a nutrient supply for rice plants in an Oxisoil, under greenhouse conditions. The application of PK enriched-collagen formulations resulted in N contents in the vegetative parts and grains of rice plants which were equivalent or superior to those obtained with urea and commercial NPK formulations.
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PMID:Recycling of solid waste rich in organic nitrogen from leather industry: mineral nutrition of rice plants. 2116 40


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