Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study tests the Haig-Westoby model, which predicts that seed output will be limited simultaneously by pollen and resources when plants optimally distribute their reproductive investment. The test was conducted over 2 yr using Stylidium armeria in a factorial design that fully crossed three pollination levels (small stigmatic loads, open pollination, and supplementation of natural loads) with three levels of resource availability (reduction through partial defoliation, unmanipulated resource conditions, and supplementation through nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) addition). There was no evidence of pollen limitation from supplemental pollination; however, pollen reductions (to about half the normal mean stigmatic loads) sharply reduced seed output. There was no evidence of resource limitation, in that NPK addition did not, by itself, significantly elevate seed output in either year of the study, while resource reduction by defoliation lowered seed output in the second year. Simultaneous addition of both pollen and resources strongly and significantly increased seed production. These results match the direction of effects predicted by the Haig-Westoby model, and suggest that S. armeria plants at our site are at or near an equilibrium of joint limitation of seed production by pollen capture and resource availability.
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PMID:A test of simultaneous resource and pollen limitation in Stylidium armeria. 1908 96

Soil samples were collected from a 17-year fertilization experiment site in southern Loess Plateau to study the effects of different fertilizations and fallowing on the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization, and the transformation of exogenous NO3(-) -N in sterilized and non-sterilized soil samples. The results showed that a combined application of manure and chemical NPK and long-term fallowing increased the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and mineralized N, as well as the N mineralization rate significantly, compared with the control. Applying chemical NPK increased soil inorganic N content, but had less effects on the contents of soil organic matter, total N and mineralized N, as well as the N mineralization rate. Autoclaved sterilization resulted in a significant increase of soil NH4(+) -N content, while soil NO3(-) -N content remained relatively constant whether sterilization or not, suggesting that under the conditions of our incubation, abiotic and biological factors had no significant effects on the transformation of exogenous NO3 (-) -N.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term fertilization and fallowing on soil nitrogen mineralization and exogenous NO3(-) -N transformation]. 1910 6

Fertilization and seasonal variation play very important roles in affecting microbial structure and activity, as a result, leading to the significant evolution of soil fertility. The effect of manure (MCK) and combined application of chemical fertilizers (NPK) on soil microbial biomass and structure were studied by measuring soil microbial biomass carbon (nitrogen) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) in different microbial communities, with the nil-fertilization (CK) and fallow as controls. Results show the manure application significantly improves the soil nutrient contents and the amounts of Cmic and PLFA of different microbial communities. The amounts of fungal PLFA (8.40 nmol x g(-1)) and Cmic (322.5 mg x kg(-1)) and Nmic (57.9 mg x kg(-1)) are significantly higher than those of CK (5.4 nmo x g(-1), 152.6 mg x kg(-1), 32.1 mg x kg(-1), respectively) or NPK (3.5 nmol x g(-1), 144.3 mg x kg(-1), 30.7 mg x kg(-1), respectively). And the contents of Cmic, Nmic and PLFA of different microbial groups in NPK are lower than those in CK. Correlation analyses show the soil nutrient contents are significantly positively correlated with Cmic, different microbial PLFA contents and G(-)/total bacteria ratios, while negatively correlated with C+/G(-) bacteria ratio (p < 0.05). The principle component analysis of PLFA shows the microbial structures in different treatments and sampling dates are significantly different. Seasonal changes are also found to cause great fluctuations in soil basic properties, and microbial community structure in arable soils and fallow respectively cluster strictly together by sampling dates. The amount of Cmic is highest on April 11 (295.6 mg x kg(-1)), while Nmic (49.3 mg x kg(-1)) and PLFA contents are highest in summer (July-August); the lowest amounts of Cmic (184.2 mg x kg(-1)), Nmic (30.63 mg x kg(-1)) and PLFA exist on May 31. Fertilization and seasonal variations significantly affect soil fertility, microbial structure and activity.
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PMID:[Influences of fertilization and seasonal variation on microbial community in a Chinese mollisol]. 1918 33

0-20 cm soil samples were collected from an 18-year wheat-maize rotation field on the North China Plain to study the effects of long-term fertilization on the contents and storages of soil particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), incorporated organic carbon (IOC), and incorporated organic nitrogen (ION). The long-term fertilization experiment was designed to include 7 treatments, i.e., chemical NPK (NPK), organic manure (OM), 1/2 organic manure plus 1/2 chemical NPK (1/20 MN), chemical NP (NP), chemical PK (PK), chemical NK (NK), and control (CK). After 18 years experiment, all the fertilization treatments showed higher contents of soil POC, PON, IOC and ION, higher proportions of soil POC to soil total organic carbon (TOC) and of soil PON to soil total nitrogen (TON), and higher C/N ratio of soil particulate organic matter. The storages of soil POC and PON under fertilization treatments were increased by 11.7%-196.8% and 13.0%-152.2%, respectively, compared with the control. The contribution of soil POC to the increased storage of soil TOC ranged from 31.5% to 67.3%, and that of soil PON to the increased storage of soil TON ranged from 14.3% to 100.0%. The storages of soil IOC and ION under fertilization treatments increased by 2.0%-75.0% and 0.0%-69.8%, respectively, compared with the control. Among the fertilization treatments, treatment OM had the highest storages of soil POC, PON, IOC and ION, followed by treatment 1/20 MN, and the treatments of applying chemical fertilizers alone. Balanced application of chemical fertilizers (treatment NPK) showed higher storages of soil POC, PON, IOC and ION than imbalanced application (treatments NP, PK, and NK). It was suggested that applying organic manure or its combination with chemical NPK and the balanced application of chemical NPK could be the keys for the increase of soil POC, PON, IOC and ION contents and storages.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term fertilization on soil particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in a wheat-maize cropping system]. 1923 35

Maize straws were collected from different treatments of two long-term fertilization studies, their carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratios were determined, and their C and N mineralization rates in soil were compared in an aerobic incubation test. The results showed that comparing with no fertilization, applying chemical fertilizers (NPK) or chemical fertilizers plus manure (MNPK) increased the N content and decreased the C/N ratio of maize straw. The amounts of mineralized and immobilized C and N of the straws from different fertilization treatments differed with incubation time. The straws from treatments NPK, MNPK, and N240 had significantly higher C mineralization rates than that from the treatment without fertilization. After incubation for 60 days, the straw from treatment NPK had the highest C mineralization rate (13.24% of added organic C), and the immobilized N from the straws of fertilized plots, especially of MNPK plot, was lesser, compared to unfertilized plots. Adding maize straw into soil increased the metabolic quotient (qCO2) of soil microorganisms, but the difference among the treatments was not significant. During incubation, the amounts of soil microbial biomass C and N from different treatments differed with time. Therefore, in agricultural practices, the differences in the nutrient contents of straw due to different fertilization should be considered when the straw was to be added into soil.
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PMID:[Effects of fertilization on carbon/nitrogen ratio of maize straw and its minereffects of fertilization on carbon/nitrogen ratio of maize straw and its mineralization in soil.alization in soil]. 1945 69

Hypomagnesemia continues to be a significant clinical disorder that is present in patients with diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, and treatment with magnesuric drugs (diuretics, cancer chemotherapy agents, etc.). To determine the role of magnesium in cardiovascular pathophysiology, we have used dietary restriction of this cation in animal models. This review highlights some key observations that helped formulate the hypothesis that release of substance P (SP) during experimental dietary Mg deficiency (MgD) may initiate a cascade of deleterious inflammatory, oxidative, and nitrosative events, which ultimately promote cardiomyopathy, in situ cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial intolerance to secondary stresses. SP acts primarily through neurokinin-1 receptors of inflammatory and endothelial cells, and may induce production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (superoxide anion, NO*, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical), leading to enhanced consumption of tissue antioxidants; stimulate release of inflammatory mediators; promote tissue adhesion molecule expression; and enhance inflammatory cell tissue infiltration and cardiovascular lesion formation. These SP-mediated events may predispose the heart to injury if faced with subsequent oxidative stressors (ischemia/reperfusion, certain drugs) or facilitate development of in situ cardiac dysfunction, especially with prolonged dietary Mg restriction. Significant protection against most of these MgD-mediated events has been observed with interventions that modulate neuronal SP release or its bioactivity, and with several antioxidants (vitamin E, probucol, epicaptopril, d-propranolol). In view of the clinical prevalence of hypomagnesemia, new treatments, beyond magnesium repletion, may be needed to diminish deleterious neurogenic and prooxidative components described in this article.
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PMID:Neurogenic inflammation and cardiac dysfunction due to hypomagnesemia. 1959 99

The feasibility of using a solid waste (rich in nitrogen) from the leather industry, after chromium extraction, as adsorbent for P and K, for possible utilization as NPK fertilizer was evaluated. The materials, with and without the addition of P and K, were characterized by chemical analyses, infrared spectroscopy, EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) and SEM (scanning electronic microscopy). Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used for analyzing the experimental data, which showed a better fit to the Freundlich model, thus suggesting a multilayer adsorption process on the surface of the adsorbent. A preliminary test in greenhouse demonstrates that the P and K incorporation on the matrix rich in nitrogen (collagen) is a interesting alternative to use such material as NPK fertilizer. The application of N(collagen)PK formulations, as a source of nutrients for the growth of rice plants, showed promising agronomic results.
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PMID:Incorporation of mineral phosphorus and potassium on leather waste (collagen): a new N(collagen)PK-fertilizer with slow liberation. 2000 39

Field experiments were conducted on three typical farmland soils (loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil) in Northern China to study the grain yield, phosphorus agronomic efficiency (PAE), and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat under effects of long-term fertilizations. Seven treatments were installed, i.e., non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilization (N), nitrogen-potassium fertilization (NK), nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization (NP), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization (NPK), NPK plus straw returning (NPKS), and NPK plus manure application (NPKM). The averaged wheat grain yields under long-term P fertilizations (treatments NP, NPK, NPKS, and NPKM) ranged from 2914 kg x hm(-2) to 6219 kg x hm(-2), being 200%-400% higher than those under no P fertilizations (treatments CK, N, and NK), and no significant differences were observed between the P fertilizations. In the early years of the experiment, the PAE in treatment NPK on the loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil was 17.0 kg x kg(-1), 20.3 kg x kg(-1), and 13.3 kg x kg(-1), and the PUE was 15.3%, 31.2%, and 23.8%, respectively. After 15-year fertilization, the PAE and PUE in treatment NPK increased annually by 3.9 kg x kg(-1) and 1.3% on loess soil, 2.5 kg x kg(-1) and 0.9% on fluvo-aquic soil, and 2.8 kg x kg(-1) and 1.0% on cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil, respectively. There were no significant differences in the PAE and PUE among the P treatments for the same soils. In Northern China, long-term P fertilization could increase the wheat grain yield and PUE significantly, and the mean annual increase of PAE and PUE in treatment NPKM was higher on loess soil than on fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil.
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PMID:[Phosphorus use efficiency of wheat on three typical farmland soils under long-term fertilization]. 2003 Jan 35

Stoichiometry, stability constants, and solution structures of copper(II) complexes of the (1-2,10-21)NPgamma (D(1)-A(2)-K(10)-R-H(12)-K-T-D-S-F-V-G-L-M(21)-NH(2)) and Ac-(1-2,10-21)NPgamma (Ac-D(1)-A(2)-K(10)-R-H(12)-K-T-D-S-F-V-G-L-M(21)-NH(2)) fragments of neuropeptide gamma were determined in aqueous solution in the pH range 2.5-10.5. The potentiometric and spectroscopic data (UV-vis, CD, EPR) show that an N-terminal Asp residue stabilizes significantly the copper(II) complexes with 1N {NH(2), beta-COO(-)} and 2N {NH(2), beta-COO(-), N(Im)} coordination modes of the (1-2,10-21)NPgamma as the result of coordination through the beta-carboxylate group. In a wide pH range of 4-9, the imidazole nitrogen of His(12) is coordinated to form a macrochelate. The (1-2,10-21)NPgamma peptide consists of 14 amino acid residues and contains an N-terminal amine group and the histidine residue, and as it is suggested, this fragment is able to bind two equivalents of copper(II) ions. The postmortem studies support the involvement of oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species in neurodegenerative diseases. The susceptibility of proteins to oxidative damage is highly dependent on the specific properties of individual proteins, such as unique sequence motifs, surface accessibility, protein folding, and subcelluar localization. Metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins is mainly a site-specific process in which one or a few amino acids at metal-binding sites on the protein are preferentially oxidized. To elucidate the products of the copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation of the (1-2,10-21)NPgamma and Ac-(1-2,10-21)NPgamma fragments of neuropeptide gamma, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and the use of Cu(II)/hydrogen peroxide as a model oxidizing system were employed. For both peptides, the oxidation of the methionine residue to methionine sulfoxide for the solutions containing peptide-hydrogen peroxide was observed. The oxidations of the histidine to 2-oxo-histidine and the methionine sulfoxide to sulfone were detected for the Cu(II)-Ac-(1-2,10-21)NPgamma-hydrogen peroxide 1:1:4 molar ratio system. Fragmentations of both peptides near the His residue were observed, supporting the participation of this (His) residue in the coordination of the copper(II) ions.
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PMID:Coordination abilities of a fragment containing D1 and H12 residues of neuropeptide gamma and products of metal-catalyzed oxidation. 2012 Dec 48

A static absorption method was used to study the influence of soluble carbon and nitrogen on ammonia volatilization from different thermal zone soils, such as black soil, red soil and cinnamon soil, performed in laboratory. Results showed that nitrogen application enhanced ammonia volatilization significantly. The amount of ammonia volatilization in cinnamon soil ranged from 14.3 to 7.37 mg x kg(-1), which in black soil from 1.52 to 1.11 mg x kg(-1) and from 0.998 to 0.402 mg x kg(-1) in red soil applied with only nitrogen or nitrogen amended with soluble carbon. Moreover, soluble carbon decreased ammonia volatilization caused by nitrogen, and amounts of decrease were 27.0%, 48.5%, 60.0% in black soil, cinnamon soil and red soil separately. The amount of ammonia volatilization from black soil and cinnamon soil applied only nitrogen was in an order of CK > NPK > NPKOM, while contrary order appeared if nitrogen was amended with soluble carbon. However, it was the same order for red soil applied with only nitrogen or nitrogen amended with soluble carbon. In addition, the variances of NH4+ -N and NO3- -N contents in cinnamon soil were larger than other soils, which suggested that cinnamon soil had high potential of nitrogen loss.
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PMID:[Influence of soluble carbon and nitrogen on ammonia volatilization from different thermal zones soil]. 2018 73


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