Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro system in which an isolated bronchus from human lung was exposed, during 30 min, to a constant flow of either air or nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and to examine subsequently the contractile response of airway smooth muscle rings to carbachol, histamine, and substance P. Two proximal bronchi were mounted in an organ bath, perfused externally with Krebs-Henseleit solution and ventilated with clean air, 1.0 or 2.0 ppm NO2. The exposed bronchi were then cut into rings and mounted in a computerized organ bath system. Contractile responses to agonists were measured isometrically. In each ring, a cumulative concentration response curve was obtained to the desired agonist. We found that in vitro exposure of human lumen bronchus to a constant flow of air did not alter the contractility of the smooth muscle. Whereas in vitro exposure of the bronchus to 1.0 ppm NO2 did not significantly increase the efficacy or the potency of carbachol, exposure to 2.0 ppm NO2 increased airway smooth muscle contractions in response to carbachol, histamine, and substance P. These results indicate that our experimental preparation is well suited to study the respiratory toxicity of inhaled pollutants in order to understand further the mechanisms underlying toxicant-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.
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PMID:Effect of in vitro nitrogen dioxide exposure on human bronchial smooth muscle response. 128 94

A conventional fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source was used to achieve matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALD) in a high-mass, double-focusing, magnetic mass spectrometer. The pulsed ion signals generated by irradiation of a mixture of sample and matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) with either a XeF excimer laser (353 nm) or a nitrogen laser (337 nm) were recorded with a focal-plane detector. A resolution (full-width at half maximum) of 4500 was achieved at m/z 1347.7 (the peptide substance P), 2500 for CsI cluster ions at m/z 10,005.7, and 1250 for the isotope cluster of the small protein cytochrome c (horse) [M+H]+ = m/z 12,360 (average). Sensitivity is demonstrated with 11 fmol of substance P. A survey scan is taken to locate the m/z of the sample molecular ion. The segment that contains the sample can then be integrated for a longer time to produce a better signal-to-noise ratio. In addition to higher sensitivity and lower matrix interference, the advantage of MALD over FAB is the former's lower susceptibility to the presence of salts, and competition between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components of a mixture. This feature is demonstrated by the complete MALD spectrum of a crude partial tryptic digest of sperm-whale apomyoglobin, containing 24 peptides, representing the entire sequence of this protein.
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PMID:Matrix-assisted laser desorption using a fast-atom bombardment ion source and a magnetic mass spectrometer. 137 78

Lithuania's environment is heavily polluted as a result of domestic and transboundary contamination. The main ecological problems are related to atmospheric pollution; water contamination; soil, water, and forest acidification; nitrogen-compounds overload of soil, water, and food; and contamination with agricultural chemicals and heavy metals. The increased environmental distress is a menace to public health in Lithuania. Experimental studies need to be designed and used to ascertain the effects of environmental distress on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial barrier. Our electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical study of human gastrointestinal endocrine cells revealed changes in the amount of secretory material and intracytoplasmic vacuolization after exposure to the environmental chemicals such as hexavalent chromium and the herbicide Saprol. The most affected were the EC (serotonin, motilin, substance P), D (somatostatin), A (glucagon), B (insulin), and mast (histamine, serotonin, heparin) cells. These results provide ultrastructural evidence of digestive tract epithelial barrier reaction as an expression of environmental distress signals of the organism.
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PMID:Environmental monitoring in Lithuania. Environmental distress signals: gastrointestinal epithelial barrier after exposure to chemical agents. 146 10

The cryoprotective effect of sucrose has been investigated using 3 different vascular smooth muscle preparations, namely canine saphenous veins and arteries and porcine circumflex coronary arteries following storage in liquid nitrogen (at -196 degrees C). Contractile responses to noradrenaline, 5-HT, prostaglandin F2 alpha and KCl and relaxant responses to substance P and 5-HT were determined on fresh tissues and after cryostorage in fetal calf serum (FCS) containing either 1.8 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or 0.1 M sucrose or both agents combined. The data demonstrate that the addition of sucrose to the DMSO-containing cryomedium promotes the preservation of both contractile and relaxant activity of cryostored blood vessels, though sucrose alone did not confer any noticeable protection.
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PMID:Sucrose promotes the functional activity of blood vessels after cryopreservation in DMSO-containing fetal calf serum. 152 75

To assess the efferent influence of the carotid sinus nerve on the catecholamine function and the vascularity in long-term hypoxic carotid bodies, rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 in nitrogen for 1 and 3 weeks) after unilateral transection of the sinus nerve. In the intact carotid bodies, long-term hypoxia elicited several biochemical and morphological alterations: increased turnover of dopamine and norepinephrine, increased volume density of blood vessels, decreased volume density of glomic tissue. Transection of the sinus nerve reduced but did not abolish the increase in turnover of dopamine and norepinephrine evoked by hypoxia without preventing the structural alterations. Immunocytochemical studies revealed the presence of nerve fibres exhibiting neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity which persisted after the excision of the carotid sinus nerve. Nerve fibres showing substance P-like immunoreactivity were found in the intact carotid bodies but not in the carotid bodies deprived of sinus nerve. It is concluded that the sinus nerve exerts a stimulatory efferent control on the synthesis and release of dopamine and norepinephrine in rat carotid body during long-term hypoxia, but no appreciable vasodilatory influence on the glomic vasculature. A possible role of substance P contained in the endings of the carotid sinus nerve is discussed.
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PMID:Transection of carotid sinus nerve inhibits the turnover of dopamine and norepinephrine in long-term hypoxic carotid bodies: a biochemical and morphometric study. 167 54

The mechanism of the intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation commonly seen in patients following neodymium (Nd):YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is unclear. Substance P, a potent polypeptide that is released into the eye after trigeminal nerve stimulation, may be the cause. In rabbits, topical application of nitrogen mustard causes a rise in IOP which is blocked by capsaicin, a presumed substance P depletor. In the present study, six eyes of three cynomolgus monkeys underwent extracapsular lensectomies. After 2 to 3 months, capsaicin was administered by retrobulbar injection on one side of each animal, and vehicle on the contralateral side. One day later, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomies were performed using 31 mJ (total energy) per eye. Diurnal IOP measurements were made before and after the retrobulbar injections and the capsulotomies. Ten weeks later, laser capsulotomies were repeated using 200 mJ/eye without pretreatment with any potential blockers. None of the six eyes, each undergoing two separate capsulotomies 10 weeks apart, showed a postoperative rise in IOP. These results demonstrate that the cynomolgus monkey is a poor model for studying IOP elevation that often occurs following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
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PMID:Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy does not produce elevation of intraocular pressure in cynomolgus monkeys. 341 75

A new method for extraction of immunoreactive substance P (I-SP) from rat intestine including pulverization of tissue frozen in liquid nitrogen and extraction with acid acetone is described. Using this method, amounts of I-SP in the rat intestine were found to be higher than previously reported. The highest concentrations of I-SP were found in the small intestine. Capsaicin pretreatment of newborn or adult rats had no effect on intestinal I-SP concentrations indicating that intrinsic SP neurones are capsaicin-insensitive.
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PMID:Distribution of substance P in the rat gastrointestinal tract--lack of effect of capsaicin pretreatment. 615 86

Proline-containing polypeptides are shown to be sequentially degraded by two aminopeptidases. Clostridial aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11-) cleaves off any N-terminal amino acid residue including proline from polypeptide chains, but does not cleave the N-terminal secondary peptide bonds involving a prolyl nitrogen. Aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.9) cleaves exclusively such secondary bonds. The two enzymes were immobilized by coupling them covalently to porous amino glass beads. Highly stable preparations were obtained with unchanged pH optimum and thermal stability. The applicability of clostridial aminopeptidase to sequence determination was demonstrated by the time-dependent hydrolysis of enkephalin and Substance P octapeptide. Sequential hydrolysis with the two immobilized enzymes was demonstrated with the proline-containing (Pro-Gly-Pro)10, [Asn1, Val5]angiotensin II, bradykinin, Substance P and tuftsin. Absence of endopeptidase activities was demonstrated by resistance of cytochrome c to hydrolysis and by the ordered release of amino acids during the sequential degradation by immobilized clostridial aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase P.
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PMID:Sequential hydrolysis of proline-containing peptides with immobilized aminopeptidases. 683 Aug 20

As part of a program of screening the Merck sample collection, N-ethyl-L-tryptophan benzyl ester was identified as a weak antagonist at the substance P (NK1) receptor. Structure-activity studies showed that the indole ring system could be replaced by 3,4-dichlorophenyl, alpha- or beta-naphthyl, or benzthiophene with retention or only small loss of affinity. It was found that acylation of the tryptophan nitrogen gave compounds with higher affinity than N-ethyl or other basic amines. Optimization of substitution on the benzyl ester led to the identification of the 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl ester of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan 26 as a potent and selective substance P receptor antagonist. Compound 26 blocked substance P induced dermal extravasation in vivo and was the most potent compound from this structurally novel class of antagonists which further adds to the diversity of small molecules that bind to the (NK1) receptor.
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PMID:Identification of L-tryptophan derivatives with potent and selective antagonist activity at the NK1 receptor. 751 63

Prostaglandin F2 alpha contracts coronary arteries smooth muscles under conditions of extra cellular and intracellular calcium depletion. In these conditions, nitrogen-oxide-containing vasodilators or natural EDRF(s) released by the kinins, substance P and bradykinin, from the endothelium relax strips of pig coronary arteries. This indicates that nitric oxide not only needs to lower cytosolic free calcium to relaxes the smooth muscles, but in addition another mechanism, independent of cytosolic calcium changes, is necessary to fully relax strips contracted by Prostaglandin F2 alpha.
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PMID:A vascular smooth muscles nitric oxide relaxation by a mechanism distinct of calcium changes. 751 9


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