Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The urethral mucosa in the canine penis was immunostained by use of antibodies against substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Numerous nerve fibers immunoreactive for both peptides were found to invade the epithelium from the tunica propria; here they ran various courses with occasional branchings and conspicuous varicosities. Some looped to return into the tunica propria, while others ended on the epithelial surface. These findings confirm and extend our knowledge on the sensory innervation of the urethra which has previously been based on silver impregnation techniques.
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PMID:Nerve fibers in the urethral mucosa of canine penis are immunoreactive for both substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. 242 83

We examined whether autoradiographic localization of [125I]-antirabbit immunoglobulin (IgG) was suitable for light and electron microscopic detection of a rabbit antiserum to the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and whether autoradiographic and peroxidase labeling could be combined for simultaneous immunocytochemical identification of TH and neuropeptides in brain. Adult rat brains were fixed by aortic arch perfusion with acrolein and paraformaldehyde. Vibratome sections of the fixed tissues were incubated with various dilutions of TH antiserum followed by [125I]-secondary IgG. These sections were then directly processed for autoradiography or were incubated with rabbit antiserum to substance P (SP) or methionine [Met5]-enkephalin (ME). These latter sections were then processed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) or conjugated peroxidase methods followed by autoradiography. Exposure periods of 12-20 days for light microscopy or 90 days for electron microscopy yielded substantial accumulations of silver grains even at the highest (1:30,000) dilution of TH antiserum. At this dilution, immunoreactivity for TH was virtually nondetectable by PAP and conjugated peroxidase methods. The differential sensitivities of the autoradiographic versus peroxidase methods provided a means for separable identification of rabbit antiserum to TH and to SP or ME. Ultrastructural analysis of the catecholaminergic neurons in the medial nuclei of the solitary tract (NTS) showed selective cytoplasmic localization of silver grains for [125I]-labeling of TH in perikarya, dendrites, and terminals. Within single thin sections prepared for dual labeling, the peroxidase marker for SP and for ME was differentially localized with respect to autoradiographic labeling of TH.
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PMID:Autoradiographic detection of [125I]-secondary antiserum: a sensitive light and electron microscopic labeling method compatible with peroxidase immunocytochemistry for dual localization of neuronal antigens. 242 51

Forty-two breast carcinomas were studied with different markers for detecting neuroendocrine differentiation. The Bodian and Grimelius silver stains were applied, as well as immunostaining for neurone specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, prealbumin and a battery of hormones. All cases were studied by electron microscopy as well. The material included 29 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 10 infiltrating lobular carcinomas and 3 tubular carcinomas. Immunostaining for hormones was obtained in 11 cases (gastrin and PP (4 cases each), leu-enkephalin (3 cases), substance P (2 cases), beta-endorphin (2 cases), ACTH (1 case) and bombesin (1 case). Three cases revealed immunostaining for more than one hormone. Sixteen cases were positively stained with rabbit anti-NSE (Dako Corporation) and included all the 11 cases with proven immunoreactivity for hormones. 20 cases were positively stained with sheep anti-NSE and only 8 of the 11 cases with immunoreactivity for hormones were included. Immunostaining for prealbumin was observed in only 1 case and chromogranin in only 5 cases. All cases were unstained with the Bodian stain, whereas 3 cases showed a positive argyrophilic reaction with the Grimelius technique. Ultrastructural studies revealed typical small membrane-bound electron dense granules in cytoplasm in 4 cases, all among the 11 cases with immunoreactivity for hormones. We conclude that immunostaining with rabbit anti-NSE is the best screening method for detecting breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation.
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PMID:A study of different markers for neuroendocrine differentiation in breast carcinomas. 243 99

Modifications of the single-section Golgi-impregnation procedure of Gabbott and Somogyi are described. The modifications allow easier and more rapid preparation of the sections for Golgi-impregnation and easier handling of large numbers of serial sections. The technique consists of placing a section that has been treated with osmium tetroxide and potassium dichromate on a microscope slide and "sandwiching" it with a second microscope slide. The two slides are held together at one end by tape and the assembly is dipped into a solution of silver nitrate. Golgi-impregnation of neurons occurs within a few hours and is generally complete within 12 h. The technique has been applied to sections through the caudate nucleus of the cat and ferret in order to define the morphological characteristics of striatal substance P- and methionine enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons. Sections were first incubated to reveal the immunoreactive structures and then subjected to the Golgi method. Golgi-impregnated neurons that were immunoreactive for either substance P or methionine enkephalin had medium-size perikarya from which several dendrites emerged. The dendrites branched close to the perikaryon; secondary and higher order dendrites were densely laden with spines, as many as 15 spines per 10 microns of dendrite. It is concluded that both striatal substance P-containing and methionine enkephalin-containing neurons are of the medium-size densely spiny type. Medium-size densely spiny neurons may be homogeneous with respect to their somatodendritic morphology but heterogeneous with respect to their chemical characteristics and axonal morphology.
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PMID:Characterization of substance P- and [Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the caudate nucleus of cat and ferret by a single section Golgi procedure. 243 93

Substance P (SP) immunoreactive nerve endings in the laryngeal mucosa were studied by PAP immunohistochemistry with light and electron microscopy. SP immunoreactive sensory endings were observed in the epithelium as intra-epithelial free nerve endings and taste bud-like structures. A small number of autonomic SP immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed running parallel to arterioles which were over 30 micron in diameter and terminated in glandular cells. Contrary to findings by silver impregnation, intraepithelial free nerve endings were more frequently observed on the lower surface of the vocal cord. The taste bud-like structures were classified into two different types: simple terminations and reticular terminations, according to the mode of the SP immunoreactive nerve fiber. Immature or degenerated taste bud-like structures in the larynx were assumed to be mechanical receptors because these receptors lacked outer taste pores and taste hairs.
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PMID:Substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers of the canine laryngeal mucosa. 244 39

This study was conducted in order to investigate the structure of sensory nerve endings of the human epiglottis and substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers of the canine epiglottis in relationship to physiologic functions of the larynx. The human epiglottis was observed by light microscopy (silver impregnation) and electron microscopy, and the canine epiglottis was studied by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In the membranes of the epiglottis, we observed free endings of simple or complex tree shape, corpuscle endings with glomerular patterns, and taste-bud-like structures, and (2) electron microscopic studies revealed varicosity of the terminal axon with processes that contained small, clear and large, dense cored vesicles. Substance P was observed in these structures, and it was suggested that substance P was related to perception in the larynx.
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PMID:Sensory nerve endings in the mucosa of the epiglottis--morphologic investigations with silver impregnation, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. 244 15

The normal postnatal development and response to neonatal fasciculus retroflexus (FR) lesions of serotonin, substance P (SP), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) distribution are described for the rat interpeduncular nucleus (IPN). Serotonin-, SP- and ChAT-containing axons differed in development, distribution, and response to deafferentation. Serotonergic axons and cell bodies were present at birth. SP was present in the FR and in the lateral subnuclei by 3 days of age but did not appear in the rostral or dorsal subnuclei until 7-14 days. Intrinsic SP perikarya were not seen until 17 days of age. The development of ChAT was late, appearing only during the second week of life and not reaching adult patterns and density until after 21 days of age. The pattern of development of cytochrome oxidase and Bodian silver staining are also described. Both cytochrome oxidase and Bodian staining paralleled the patterns of localization and development of ChAT staining. Bilateral neonatal FR lesions resulted in a permanent loss of ChAT and cytochrome oxidase staining throughout the IPN and of SP in the lateral and rostral subnuclei. No changes were seen in the serotonergic system. Following unilateral lesions, the pattern of SP loss and replacement paralleled that seen after adult lesions. The pattern of replacement of ChAT differed from that after adult lesions in that there was partial replacement in the ipsilateral intermediate subnucleus following neonatal lesions. This result suggests that late developing cholinergic axons can innervate the contralateral intermediate nucleus to a much greater extent following infant lesions than following adult lesions.
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PMID:Normal development and effects of early deafferentation on choline acetyltransferase, substance P and serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the interpeduncular nucleus. 244 14

A 32-yr-old man with myotonic dystrophy had a left hemicolectomy performed because of a megacolon. The colonic mucosa, smooth muscle, and connective tissue appeared normal by hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome stains and transmission electron microscopy. In contrast, the myenteric plexus had markedly fewer neurons than normal on the hematoxylin and eosin stains. Silver staining of the plexus revealed degeneration and decreased numbers of argyrophilic neurons, which were smaller and had fewer processes and a more uneven staining quality than controls. Many axons were fragmented, and increased numbers of glial cell nuclei were present in the plexus. Degenerative changes in the neurons were present in a patchy distribution on transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease of the substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers in the muscularis externa. This suggests that colonic motor dysfunction associated with myotonic dystrophy may be caused by a visceral neuropathy that involves the substance P- and enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers of the smooth muscle.
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PMID:Megacolon in myotonic dystrophy caused by a degenerative neuropathy of the myenteric plexus. 245 46

A preembedding dual immunolabeling technique and electron microscopy were utilized to demonstrate the localization of immunoreactive substance P and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide (Enk-8) in ultrathin sections of the surface layer (laminae I and II) of rat spinal dorsal horn. The immunoreaction of Enk-8 was visualized as gold-toned silver particles and that of substance P as diaminobenzidine reaction products. Axonal terminals with immunoreactive substance P, and also unlabeled axonal terminals, formed synaptic junctions with the perikarya and dendritic processes of Enk-8-containing neurons. Dendritic profiles immunolabeled for substance P were synaptically linked with unlabeled axons but not with Enk-8-positive ones. Furthermore, it was found that Enk-8 axons and substance P axons terminated synaptically in juxtaposition to one another on the same immunonegative dendrites. Among the Enk-8-containing neurons axonal profiles also appeared to be synaptically associated with immunoreactive Enk-8 dendritic processes.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of immunolabeled substance P and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide in the surface layer of the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord. 245 88

The results of many anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological studies suggest that substance P-containing neurons of the striatum project to the substantia nigra, and that substance P influences the activity of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons. The purpose of the present ultrastructural study was to employ dual immunocytochemical labeling to determine the morphological basis for the observed actions of substance P on nigral dopaminergic neurons. Substance P-like and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivities were localized simultaneously at the ultrastructural level in the substantia nigra of the rat. A double label method was utilized which relied on a combination of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method (Sternberger, 1979) for substance P, and immunogold or silver enhanced immunogold labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase. The present results indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THLI) dendrites in the substantia nigra receive synaptic input from terminals exhibiting substance P-like immunoreactivity. These findings support the idea that substance P is a major neurotransmitter in the striatonigral loop, and suggest that striatal substance P neurons act directly upon nigral dopaminergic cells.
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PMID:Direct demonstration of interactions between substance P immunoreactive terminals and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra of the rat: an ultrastructural study. 246 Sep 62


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