Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While systemic capsaicin in adult rats is known to reduce substance P and somatostatin in primary sensory nerves, it is still unknown if it also affects the production of these peptides at the genetic level. Therefore, we examined the effects of systemically administered capsaicin on the expression of the beta-preprotachykinin, gamma-preprotachykinin, somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, galanin, neuropeptide Y and neurotrophin receptor family (trkA, trkB, trkC) genes in dorsal root ganglion neurons by in situ hybridization in adult rats. Nerve growth factor is thought to be involved in the regulation of some of these genes. In the control animals, beta-preprotachykinin, gamma-preprotachykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, somatostatin, trkA, trkB and trkC messenger RNAs were found in about 30%, 30%, 40%, 10%, 40%, 5% and 20% of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons, respectively. The number of neurons expressing beta/gamma-preprotachykinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide messenger RNAs decreased to about 50% and 70% of the control values, respectively, six days after subcutaneous administration of capsaicin (950 mg/kg). Simultaneously, the number of trkA messenger RNA-expressing neurons also decreased to about 70% of the control level, while the number of neurons expressing trkB and trkC messenger RNAs was unaffected. On the other hand, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and galanin messenger RNAs, but not neuropeptide Y messenger RNA, began to be expressed in about 10% of dorsal root ganglion neurons after administration of capsaicin, although their messenger RNAs were not detected in the controls. However, the expression of somatostatin messenger RNA was unaffected by the systemic administration of capsaicin. The somatostatin messenger RNA was not co-expressed with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and galanin messenger RNAs in the sensory neurons of rats given capsaicin. Electron microscopic analysis revealed a few degenerating unmyelinated afferents in sural nerves of the treated rats. The number of small-sized dorsal root ganglion cells labeled with Fluoro-Gold, a retrograde-tracing dye which was injected into the sural nerve of the treated rats, decreased to half of the control number. Our results suggest that systemic administration of capsaicin in adult rats depresses the expression of beta/gamma-preprotachykinin, calcitonin gene-related peptide and trkA messenger RNAs, and induces expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and galanin messenger RNAs in sensory neurons, which may be due to the capsaicin-induced degeneration of a subpopulation of sensory afferents. We also demonstrated that the regulation of somatostatin gene expression in mature sensory neurons is not affected by systemic capsaicin.
 ...
PMID:Systemic capsaicin in the adult rat differentially affects gene expression for neuropeptides and neurotrophin receptors in primary sensory neurons. 897 80

The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. 1151 79