Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-one primary ovarian carcinoids and intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids were examined for the presence of tumor cells immunoreactive with antisera raised against various neurohormonal peptides, mostly of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) origin. Twenty of the primary and two of the metastatic carcinoids contained such tumor cells. The incidence of tumors with any kind of neurohormonal peptide immunoreactive tumor cells was 53% in the trabecular carcinoids, and 42% in the strumal carcinoids, whereas the incidence was much lower (7%) in the insular type. Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon, enkephalin, and somatostatin were those neurohormonal peptides most commonly observed in the tumor cells of the primary carcinoids. Those less commonly found were substance P, calcitonin, VIP, neurotensin, beta-endorphin, and ACTH. Four metastatic carcinoids were nonreactive with all the antisera used. Cells storing immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, PP, VIP, gastrin, substance P, or enkephalin were found in one of the two remaining metastatic carcinoids; in the other only gastrin-immunoreactive tumor cells were observed. The occurrence and distribution of tumor cells storing the neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids are discussed in relation to their possible origin in the ovary and to carcinoids in the gut.
 ...
PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in ovarian carcinoids: an immunohistochemical study of 81 primary carcinoids and of intraovarian metastases from six mid-gut carcinoids. 611 50

To clarify whether various neuropeptides found in the hypothalamus act directly on a pituitary adenoma causing Nelson's syndrome, we examined the influence of these peptides on the secretion of immunoreactive ACTH, beta-endorphin, and melanotropins, the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, by the cultured pituitary adenoma from a patient with Nelson's syndrome. Results showed that somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 suppressed the secretion of POMC-derived peptides by the adenoma and that somatostatin-28 was as potent as somatostatin-14. Other neuropeptides such as arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and oxytocin stimulate the secretion of POMC-derived peptides. Substance P, TRF, Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin were also found to modulate the secretion of POMC-derived peptides. This suggests that the adenoma may have multiple receptors to various neuropeptides.
 ...
PMID:Effects of various neuropeptides on the secretion of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides by a cultured pituitary adenoma causing Nelson's syndrome. 612 87

This study describes effects of various peptides, neurotransmitters and cyclic nucleotides on brain polyphosphoinositide metabolism in vitro. The interconversion of the polyanionic inositol phospholipids was studied by incubation of a lysed crude mitochondrial/synaptosomal fraction with [gamma-32P]-ATP. The reference peptide ACTH1-24 stimulated the formation of radiolabelled phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (TPI) and inhibited that of phosphatidic acid (PA). Substance P inhibited both TPI and PA labelling, whereas beta-endorphin inhibited that of PA without any effect on TPI. Morphine had no effect at any concentration tested, whereas high concentrations of naloxone inhibited the labelling of both PA and TPI. Naloxone did not counteract the effects of ACTH1-24. The other peptides tested (lysine 8-vasopressin and angiotensin II) were without any effect. Under the conditions used, adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine did not affect the labelling of the (poly)phosphoinositides. Both dopamine and serotonin, however, dose-dependently inhibited the formation of radiolabelled TPI and PA. Low concentrations of cAMP stimulated TPI, but higher concentrations had an overall inhibitory effect on the labelling of TPI, PA and especially phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (DPI). The cyclic nucleotide did not mediate or counteract the effects of ACTH, and cGMP was without any effect. These results are discussed in the light of current ideas on the mechanism of action of neuropeptides.
 ...
PMID:Polyphosphoinositide metabolism in rat brain: effects of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and cyclic nucleotides. 612 17

In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6-13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9-20 and 9-25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L). 613 31

Somatostatin-14 inhibited the isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase in cell-free homogenates of pituitary intermediate lobe of the male rat with a Ki of 7.25 +/- 0.31 X 10(-7) M. Somatostatin-28 was found to be a partial agonist. Other neuropeptides (met- and leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, ACTH, neurotensin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and vasopressin) were without effect. Our results suggest a role for pituitary and/or brain somatostatin in the physiological regulation of the intermediate pituitary lobe, and the possibility of an interaction between somatostatins and catecholamines on the regulation of intermediate lobe adenylate cyclase.
 ...
PMID:Somatostatin inhibits the isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the intermediate lobe of the male rat pituitary gland. 613 24

Preliminary observations have indicated the existence of characteristic spectra of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neurohormonal peptides in endocrine tumors arising in foregut, midgut, and hindgut derivatives. In order to further explore this feature of GEP endocrine neoplasms, islet cell tumors from 14 patients were studied, as were endocrine tumors of the stomach, duodenum, and upper jejunum from 6, 5, and 2 patients, respectively. All tumors were examined immunohistochemically with antisera raised against islet hormones [insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)], peptides of the gastrin family [gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK)], peptides of the secretin family [secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)], and substance P, neurotensin, leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, motilin, calcitonin, and ACTH. In addition, an ultrastructural investigation was made. Whenever possible, the immunohistochemical observations were correlated with the clinical manifestations and with the results of radioimmunochemical determination of GEP neurohormones in the blood. The pattern of immunoreactive neurohormonal peptides and the clinical picture were those to be expected in endocrine tumors arising in foregut derivatives. Some principles are proposed for the classification of GEP endocrine tumors on the basis of their histopathologic growth pattern, their spectrum of neurohormonal peptides, and their clinical manifestations.
 ...
PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in endocrine tumors of the pancreas, stomach, and upper small intestine: I. An immunohistochemical study of 27 cases. 613 99

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate ethanol (2 g/kg, PO: EtOH) from saline (10 ml/kg, PO: SAL) in a two-bar positively reinforced operant task on a VI 15 sec schedule. After the rats reached criterion performance (greater than 90% correct responses on the appropriate lever), thyrotropin releasing hormone (pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2: TRH), a metabolite of TRH (His-Pro diketopiperazine: HP), and a structural analog of TRH (HPCA-His-ThiaPro-NH2: OHT) were tested for their ability to antagonize the EtOH cue. These peptides were chosen for their reported ability to reverse ethanol-induced narcosis. However, at doses that did not disrupt performance, TRH, HP, and OHT did not affect the stimulus properties of ethanol at any dose tested, nor did they change the stimulus properties of saline. Naloxone and ACTH(1-10)-NH2 were also tested as ethanol antagonists of the training dose. Pretreatment with either of these compounds failed to alter ethanol-appropriate responding. In addition, (DA1a2-Met5)-enkephalin-ol, (DAla2-Met(O)5)-enkephalin-ol, substance P, delta sleep-inducing peptide, and bombesin were tested for their ability to elicit ethanol appropriate responding. The EtOH cue generalized to none of these peptides.
 ...
PMID:The effects of peptides on the stimulus properties of ethanol. 615 98

The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used for the immunohistological demonstration of substances P and ACTH in the cerebral and subesophageal ganglia of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L. With rabbit antibody to substance P a positive immunoreaction was found in nerve cells smaller than the type A neurons of the cerebral ganglion. Their perikarya and nerve processes as well as their terminal enlargements in the synaptic zone were immunoreactive. ACTH-like activity was visible in a larger perikaryon type of the A neurons. Their nerve processes did not show any reaction. However, a part of the nerve terminals of the synaptic zone and a few neurons of type B of the cerebral ganglion, further some cells of the subesophageal ganglion reacted positively.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of substance P and ACTH-like activity in the central nervous system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. 615 47

There are numerous aldehyde fuchsin (AF)-positive, neurosecretory cells of medium size (A cells) and a small number of large, AF-negative neurons (B cells) in the cortical layer of the cerebral ganglion. In the subesophageal ganglion, symmetrical groups of AF-positive cells lie ventrally. The peroxidase--antiperoxidase (PAP) method was used for the immunocytochemical study of substance P and ACTH in these ganglia. In addition, the presence of L-enkephalin and alpha endorphin could be confirmed. Using rabbit antibodies to substance P we found small immunoreactive neurons among negative A and B cells in the cerebral ganglion. The processes of these immunoreactive cells could be traced to the subcortical synaptic neuropil. With antibodies to ACTH, activity was visible in perikarya similar in size to A neurons. A part of the nerve terminals of the synaptic zone, some of the B neurons and further several nerve cells of the subesophageal ganglion reacted positively. Successive demonstration of substance P and ACTH on the same section showed that the two materials occurred in different cell types. Using antiopsin antibody in an indirect immunocytochemical test we observed strong reaction in numerous medium-sized perikarya and in nerve fibres of the synaptic zone of the cerebral ganglion, further in some neurons of the subesophageal and abdominal ganglia. In contrast to this result, the photoreceptor cells of the prostomium and cerebral ganglion were negative. Presumably, substance P is present in a perikaryon type hitherto unrecognized while ACTH and antiopsin reactions seem to be located first of all in A cells.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical studies on the central nervous system of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. 616 89

The present report concerns the immunocytochemistry of various peptide hormones and in particular their location in nervous structures. However, since the hormones observed in the neuroadenohypophysis and the digestive tractus have been examined elsewhere, they have been excluded from this study, except when considered outside there precise areas. The immunocytology of the following neuropeptides is presented, especially the particular details related to their demonstration: 1) The hypothalamic hypophysiotropic factor: LH-RF, SRIF, TSH-RF; derivatives from the so-called proopiocortine found by Mains and Eipper (1977), namely beta-LPH, enkephalins, endorphins, alpha-MSH- and ACTH-like antigens; 2) Prolactin and somathormone found outside the pituitary; 3) Gastro-intestinal hormones and their location outside the digestive hormones and their location outside the digestive mucosa, namely VIP, CCK, substance P; 4) Angiotensin II in nervous structures; 5) Neurotensin; 6) Thyrocalcitonin; 7) Relaxin, and the problem of its presence in the adult male genital tract. New data in invertebrate located vertebrate neuropeptides-like antigens in the nervous structures of pro-chordates (Ascidians) insects, crustaceans, annelids. These last findings underline the extensive significance of such hormonal molecules previously considered to be specific for vertebrates.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemistry of polypeptide hormones: a review. 616 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>