Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proline endopeptidase (E.C.3.4.21.26) is an enzyme which cleaves several neuropeptides at the carboxyl-side of proline residues. Some peptide substrates of this enzyme may be found in the rat hypothalamus (thyrotropin releasing hormone, neurotensin, substance P, oxytocin, vasopressin, beta-endorphin). Recent research has shown that the hypothalamic levels of some of these substances (e.g., vasopressin, beta-endorphin) change by a variety of training procedures. We studied the effect of various forms of training on the activity of proline endopeptidase of rat hypothalamus. The present results show that the activity of this enzyme is not altered by electroconvulsive shock or inhibitory avoidance training when measured, 0, 1, or 3 hr after these procedures. Other behavioral procedures (habituation to an open field, two-way active avoidance conditioning, or 1 min of inescapable footshock) also had no effect on hypothalamic proline endopeptidase activity measured immediately after training or test sessions. We conclude that proline endopeptidase probably does not play a regulatory role in the effect of synaptically released hypothalamic neuropeptides on behavior.
 ...
PMID:Hypothalamic proline endopeptidase activity is not changed by various behavioral procedures. 353 16

Proline-containing dipeptidyl-4-nitroanilides have been synthesised and subjected to dipeptidyl peptidase IV-catalysed hydrolysis at high enzyme concentrations to collect information on the conformational specificity of the enzyme active site for a nonscissile bond. Descriptions of the biphasic kinetics were carried out in terms of cis/trans interconversion of the substrates. The results show that the enzyme can cleave only the trans-conformation of the substrate. The competitive inhibition by Gly-Pro-OH and Ala-Pro-OH is also specific for the trans form of the dipeptides. The interpretation of the results obtained from these kinetic studies has led to proposals for the stepwise cleavage of biologically active peptides like substance P and beta-casomorphine by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.
 ...
PMID:The conformation around the peptide bond between the P1- and P2-positions is important for catalytic activity of some proline-specific proteases. 634 Jul 41

Proline-containing polypeptides are shown to be sequentially degraded by two aminopeptidases. Clostridial aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11-) cleaves off any N-terminal amino acid residue including proline from polypeptide chains, but does not cleave the N-terminal secondary peptide bonds involving a prolyl nitrogen. Aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.9) cleaves exclusively such secondary bonds. The two enzymes were immobilized by coupling them covalently to porous amino glass beads. Highly stable preparations were obtained with unchanged pH optimum and thermal stability. The applicability of clostridial aminopeptidase to sequence determination was demonstrated by the time-dependent hydrolysis of enkephalin and Substance P octapeptide. Sequential hydrolysis with the two immobilized enzymes was demonstrated with the proline-containing (Pro-Gly-Pro)10, [Asn1, Val5]angiotensin II, bradykinin, Substance P and tuftsin. Absence of endopeptidase activities was demonstrated by resistance of cytochrome c to hydrolysis and by the ordered release of amino acids during the sequential degradation by immobilized clostridial aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase P.
 ...
PMID:Sequential hydrolysis of proline-containing peptides with immobilized aminopeptidases. 683 Aug 20

A new analytical method for the detection and the quantitative evaluation of the undecapeptide substance P by capillary electrophoresis coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry (CE-MS) by a co-axial sheath liquid interface has been developed. Conditions of analysis employed an acidic buffer and a 60 cm fused silica capillary installed by overcoming the UV window position, thus allowing to perform the analysis in a brief time. The method has been applied to the evaluation of substance P enzymatic hydrolysis during incubation with the human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cell line. The analysis of amino acids derived from the cleavage of substance P has been also carried out simultaneously under the same electrophoretic conditions allowing the description of a kinetic of amino acid formation, parallel with substance P disappearance. The amounts of intact substance P and of free amino acids were monitored along 600 s of incubation time. A steady decrease of substance P as function of reaction time was observed. Peptide's half-life was found to be about 4.3s, indicating an extremely fast hydrolysis in the presence of the SaOS-2 cells. Proline, phenilalanine and methionine were the predominant free amino acids recorded. Obtained results lead to hypothesize the occurrence of endopeptidases activity, followed by aminopeptidases responsible for the release of free amino acids originated after primary bond cleavage.
 ...
PMID:Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry for the evaluation of substance P enzymatic degradation by SaOS-2 human osteosarcoma. 2180 68

The comparative effect of fertilizers (NPK), plant growth regulators (GA3, IAA, Zeatin) and sodium chloride (NaCl) on Cd phytoaccumulation, proline and phenolics production in Cannabis sativa was evaluated. Proline and phenolices were correlated with Cd contents in plant. Cd significantly reduced the plant growth. Fertilizers application (in combination) most significantly increased the growth (19 cm root and 47 cm shoot) on Cd contaminated soil. All treatments increased the Cd contents in plant tissues. This increase was highly significant in fertilizers treated plants (1101, 121 and 544 ppm in roots, stem and leaves respectively). Significantly positive correlation was found between Cd concentration and dry biomass of root (R2=0.7511) and leaves (R2=0.5524). All treatments significantly increased the proline and total phenolics and maximum was recorded in NaCl treated plants followed by fertilizers. Proline was higher in roots while phenolics in leaves. The correlation between proline and phenolics was positive in leaf (R2=0.8439) and root (R2=0.5191). Proline and phenolics showed positive correlation with Cd concentration in plant. Conclusively, fertilizers in combination seem to be the better option for Cd phytoextraction. Further investigation is suggested to study the role of phenolics and proline in Cd phytoextraction.
 ...
PMID:Effective Phytoextraction of Cadmium (Cd) with Increasing Concentration of Total Phenolics and Free Proline in Cannabis sativa (L) Plant Under Various Treatments of Fertilizers, Plant Growth Regulators and Sodium Salt. 2517 25

Toxic metal-contaminated water is a major threat to sustainable agriculture and environment. Plants have the natural ability to absorb and concentrate essential elements in its tissues from water solution, and this ability of plants can be exploited to remove heavy/toxic metals from the contaminated water. For this purpose, two plants Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Epilobium laxum were hydroponically studied. The effect of different fertilizers (NPK) and plant growth regulators (GA3 and IAA) were evaluated on growth, biomass, free proline, phenolics, and chlorophyll contents, and their role in Cd phytoaccumulation was investigated. Results showed that in both plants, fertilizer addition to media (treatment T4) produced the highest significant increase in growth, biomass (fresh and dry), cadmium concentration, proline, phenolics, and chlorophyll concentrations. The significant effect of GA3 in combination with NPK foliar spray (treatment T12) was observed on most of the growth parameters, Cd concentration, and proline and phenolic contents of the plants. The free proline and total phenolics showed positive correlation with cadmium concentration within plant tissues. Proline showed significantly positive correlation with phenolic contents of root and shoot. Veronica plant demonstrated the hyperaccumulator potential for cadmium as bioconcentration factor (BCF >1) which was much higher than 1, while Epilobium plant showed non-hyperaccumulator potential. It is recommended for further study to investigate the role of Veronica plant for other metals and to study the role of phenolics and proline contents in heavy metal phytoextraction by various plant species.
...
PMID:Enhanced phytoremediation of cadmium polluted water through two aquatic plants Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Epilobium laxum. 2724 61