Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deer antler is a unique mineralized tissue which can produce very high growth rates of > 1 cm/day in large species. On completion of antler growth, the dermal tissues which cover the antler are shed and the underlying calcified tissue dies. After several months the old antler is discarded and growth of a new one begins. It is known that deer antlers are sensitive to touch and are innervated. The major aims of this study were to identify and localize by immunohistochemical techniques the type of innervation present, and to find out whether nerve fibres could exhibit growth rates comparable to those of antler. We have taken tissue sections from the tip and shaft of growing Red deer (Cervus elaphus) antlers at three stages of development; shortly after the initiation of regrowth, the rapid growth phase, and near the end of growth. Incubation of tissue sections with antisera to protein gene product 9.5 (a neural cytoplasmic protein), neurofilament triplet proteins (a neural cytoskeletal protein), substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (both of which are present in and synthesized by sensory neurons) showed the presence of immunoreactive nerve fibres in dermal, deep connective and perichondrial/periosteal tissues at all stages of antler growth. The sparse distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was found in dermal tissue only at the earliest stage of antler development. Nerve fibres immunoreactive to neuropeptide Y, C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y and tyrosine hydroxylase, all present in postganglionic sympathetic nerves, were not observed at any stage of antler growth. Nerves expressing immunoreactivity for any of the neural markers or peptides employed could not be found in cartilage, osteoid or bone. These results show that antlers are innervated mainly by sensory nerves and that nerves can attain the exceptionally high growth rates found in regenerating antler.
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PMID:Rapid neural growth: calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P-containing nerves attain exceptional growth rates in regenerating deer antler. 128 Mar 52

Previous evidence has been presented that neurogenic input may influence adjuvant induced arthritis (AA) in rats. We now present evidence of alterations in synovial nerves in AA. Nerves were studied in well perfused and fixed rats, using immunohistochemistry with the sensitive avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method and heterologous antisera to cytoskeletal protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) and the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). The innervation of synovium was compared in normal rats and rats with AA. Observations concordant with what has been reported for neuropeptide nerves in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are presented. It has been suggested that neural peptide substances are reduced in nerves of synovium from patients with RA. In the AA rat a specific reduction of lining zone and sublining nerves in the synovium was noted. The AA rat model is very suitable for studying the involvement of synovial nerves in arthritis, permitting optimal preservation of immunoreactive neural epitopes.
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PMID:Nerves in inflammatory synovium: immunohistochemical observations on the adjuvant arthritis rat model. 170 59

The POU-domain transcription factor Oct-2 is expressed in both B lymphocytes and sensory neurones, where its expression is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF). In order to define a possible role for Oct-2 in neurotrophin signalling, we examined the expression of an NGF-regulated channel (capsaicin-evoked ion fluxes), neuropeptides (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide), structural proteins (neurofilaments and peripherin) and receptors (trks) in dorsal root ganglion neurones derived from perinatal transgenic mice containing a defective Oct-2 structural gene. Northern blots show that central nervous tissue contains a larger than normal (> 10 kb) mRNA transcript corresponding in size to an Oct-2 transcript encoding a defective protein. PCR analysis shows the absence of normal Oct-2 transcripts in dorsal root ganglia. In null mutants, capsaicin sensitivity, and neuropeptide and cytoskeletal protein expression were unaffected by the loss of Oct-2 expression. The number of sensory neurones and the gross morphology of CNS tissues that normally express high levels of Oct-2 were also examined and found to be normal in the null mutant. Heterozygous animals show normal thresholds of sensitivity to noxious heat and normal inflammatory responses. Oct-2 does not therefore play an essential role in the NGF responsiveness of sensory neurones in these animals.
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PMID:Nerve growth factor-regulated properties of sensory neurones in Oct-2 null mutant mice. 875 Aug 82

Similar to astrocytes at CNS synapses, perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) surround nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). These special teloglial cells are sensitive to neurotransmitters and upregulate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) when deprived of synaptic activity. We found that activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) at PSCs, but not purinergic (ATP and adenosine) or peptidergic [substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] receptors, prevented this upregulation. When applied onto single PSCs, muscarine evoked Ca2+ responses that fatigued but prevented upregulation of this glial cytoskeletal protein. Application of ATP onto single PSCs evoked Ca2+ signals that showed little fatigue, and GFAP upregulation occurred. Thus, Ca2+ signals alone cannot prevent GFAP upregulation in the PSCs. After blockade of cholinergic receptors by gallamine, neuronal activity was not effective in maintaining low GFAP levels in the perisynaptic glia. Last, immunohistochemistry disclosed mAChRs on PSCs and nearby fibroblasts. Thus, acetylcholine secreted by the nerve terminal acts on the PSCs via mAChRs to regulate GFAP. Cytoskeletal changes may influence perisynaptic glial functions, including growth, remodeling, and modulation of the synapse.
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PMID:Muscarinic control of cytoskeleton in perisynaptic glia. 1023 16