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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurons containing substance P immunoreactivity in the main olfactory bulb of the hamster are located in the glomerular layer. Their cell bodies lie in the periglomerular region and contain spherical or ovoid nuclei which lack invaginations of the nuclear membrane and tend to be positioned eccentrically in the cell body. Dendrites of these neurons extend throughout the periglomerular region and project into the glomerular neuropil. Within the glomerular neuropil, processes with substance P immunoreactivity contain agranular, spherical synaptic vesicles. Primary olfactory axons, and processes of uncertain origin which contain pleomorphic synaptic vesicles, form synaptic contacts with substance P immunoreactive processes. These ultrastructural findings confirm that the substance P immunoreactive neurons are external tufted cells. Their likely physiological properties are considered in relation to the synaptic organization in the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb and to the other putative neurotransmitters or neuromodulators located in this layer.
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PMID:Ultrastructural identification of substance P immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb of the hamster. 618 77

Location and distribution of nerve fibers immunoreactive to substance P were studied in the mouse olfactory mucosa. A moderately dense plexus of fibers is present at the interface of the olfactory epithelium and the connective tissue of the lamina propria. In addition, many immunoreactive nerve fibers are noted in close association with Bowman's glands and blood vessels in the lamina propria. However, such fibers were not observed in olfactory epithelium proper nor in the fila olfactoria. Substance-P-immunoreactivity is almost totally abolished by treatment of animals with capsaicin, an agent known to deplete substance P from primary sensory neurons. It is suggested that the substance-P-immunoreactive fibers are of sensory origin, with their perikarya most likely located in the trigeminal ganglia. Functionally, they might influence local blood flow and/or the secretion of Bowman's glands.
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PMID:Association of substance-P-immunoreactive nerves with the murine olfactory mucosa. 618 18

Among various neuropeptides present in the central nervous system (CNS), substance P, an undecapeptide, is of great interest as a putative pain neurotransmitter. Substance P is present within numerous intrinsic neural pathways throughout the CNS. Several groups have attempted to label substance P receptors on brain membranes by ligand binding techniques; only one study used native 3H-labelled substance P as the ligand and the precise anatomical distribution of substance P receptors has not yet been described. Here we report the autoradiographic localization of 3H-labelled substance P receptors in rat brain using the in vitro autoradiographic technique developed recently. 3H-substance P binds specifically to an apparently single class of sites on slide-mounted brain sections (Kd = 0.52 nM; Bmax = 21.6 fmol per mg protein). The ligand selectivity pattern suggests that 3H-substance P binding sites are similar to those found in other assays. 3H-substance P receptors are highly concentrated in the external layers of the olfactory bulb, medial amygdala, dentate gyrus, superior colliculus, dorsal parabrachial nucleus and locus coeruleus, with moderate densities being found in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, periaqueductal grey and subiculum. The distribution of 3H-substance P receptors suggests that substance P is probably involved in the control of sensory processes such as pain, vision, audition and olfaction.
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PMID:Autoradiographic distribution of substance P receptors in rat central nervous system. 619 94

The distribution of immunoreactive substance P (sP)-containing structures in the newt brain and spinal cord was explored with an indirect immunofluorescence method. Five sP-positive elements were detected: perikarya, dots, fibers, pericellular appositions, and pipe-shaped structures. Perikarya were seen at the levels of the spinal ganglia, spinal cord, raphe nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, mesencephalon, preoptic area, infundibulum, dorsocaudal part of the ventral hypothalamus, habenula, and corpus striatum. Pericellular terminals were observed in periventricular areas, known to be rich in catecholaminergic cells; pipe-shaped structures were observed from the corpus striatum to diencephalon, and in mesencephalon. The olfactory nerve and nuclei were devoid of sP-positive elements. Six sP-immunofluorescent pathways were detected. One of them is composed of axons with huge varicosities and extends from the lateral spinal cord area to the mesencephalon. This pathway has not been described as yet in other animals and could be peculiar to the newt.
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PMID:Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the newt (Triturus cristatus). 619 57

An attempt has been made to redefine the borders of the globus pallidus by the aid of the unique pattern of enkephalin-like and substance P-like immunoreactivity characterizing the pallidum of both monkey and rat. In preparations immunoreacted for these two peptides by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase histochemical method of Sternberger this pattern appears in the form of ribbon-like fibers (here called "woolly fibers") that have been interpreted by Haber and Elde as unstained pallidal elements (dendrites and cell bodies) each enmeshed by a plexus of thin, enkephalin- or substance P-positive striatopallidal fibers. A dense enkephalin-positive woolly-fiber plexus fills the entire external pallidal segment as conventionally defined (here called "dorsal pallidum") and extends from there in various, generally ventral, directions. The most massive, rostral extension defines the subcommissural or "ventral pallidum" of Heimer and Wilson and expands from there ventraward into the olfactory tubercle, supporting Heimer's suggestion that many of the large cells of the tubercle are pallidal neurons. Further extensions from the enkephalin-positive dorsal pallidum plexus invade the ventral striatal region (including the nucleus accumbens), a dorsal region of the amygdala, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Substance P-positive woolly fibers, like their enkephalin-positive counterparts, fill the ventral pallidum and invade the olfactory tubercle, but avoid all except a small rostroventral part of the dorsal pallidum, and do not invade the striatum, the amygdala, or the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. On the other hand, the dense substance P-positive woolly-fiber plexus filling the internal pallidal segment (entopeduncular nucleus) expands medialward into the lateral hypothalamic region. The entopeduncular nucleus invades the hypothalamus also with a loose plexus of enkephalin-positive woolly fibers. It is suggested that woolly fibers extending outward beyond the conventionally recognized borders of the pallidum represent pallidal elements innervated by enkephalin or substance P-positive fibers arising from ventromedial striatal regions in turn innervated by limbic structures.
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PMID:Ramifications of the globus pallidus in the rat as indicated by patterns of immunohistochemistry. 619 58

Examples from classical neuronal communications are discussed in the light of biochemical and anatomical data. These are the nonsynaptic axo-axonic interactions of the enkephalinergic neurons on nerve terminals of peptidergic primary sensory afferents and dopaminergic nigrostriatal fibers. Examples of dendrites as presynaptic sites are discussed in three very different situations, namely, the dopaminergic dendrites of the substantia nigra neurons, the gamma-aminobutyric acid--ergic dendrites involved in reciprocal dendro-dendritic synapses in the olfactory bulb, and the peripheral branches of the substance P-containing primary sensory neurons.
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PMID:Nonclassical neuronal communications. 619 13

A coordinated series of immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses have been conducted in the hamster to examine the dependence of substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression by second-order olfactory neurons, and the level of dopamine in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), on the integrity of carnosine- and olfactory marker protein (OMP)-containing primary afferent neurons. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) is localized in external tufted cells and centrifugal afferents of the MOB; TH immunoreactivity has a wider distribution, in external tufted, middle tufted, periglomerular, and deep short-axon cells as well as in centrifugal afferents. To characterize the SPLI, this material was isolated by guanidine-HCl extraction and passage over a C18 SEP-PAK. The SPLI coelutes on HPLC with authentic substance P and, following oxidation, coelutes with substance P sulfoxide. It is sensitive to alpha-chymotrypsin and is resistant to trypsin. Thus, the SPLI in the MOB behaves as authentic substance P. Intranasal irrigation with 0.17 M ZnSO4 results in peripheral deafferentiation of the MOB for up to 8 months as evidenced by a persistent loss of OMP immunoreactivity and shrinkage of the olfactory nerve layer and glomeruli. By these criteria, the vomeronasal inputs to the accessory olfactory bulb are not destroyed and the spared vomeronasal receptor neurons do not innervate the vacated peripheral projection field in the MOB. The loss of peripheral inputs to the MOB is accompanied by marked and parallel reductions in the incidences of SPLI- and TH-positive second-order neurons despite an increase in the density of neuronal somata in the glomerular layer. Biochemical quantifications following peripheral deafferentation also demonstrate significant decreases of both substance P and dopamine, together with the expected decrease of carnosine. In contrast, the SPLI and the TH and serotoninlike immunoreactivities in centrifugal afferents as well as the TH immunoreactivity in deep interneurons do not appear to be reduced, and the MOB content of norepinephrine in centrifugal afferents is unaffected. These results collectively indicate that the loss of inputs from the primary olfactory receptor neurons can reduce the levels of at least two different, putatively neuroactive compounds (substance P and dopamine) in at least three classes of second-order neurons (external tufted, middle tufted, and periglomerular cells). The control of central neuron phenotype by the peripheral olfactory neurons thus appears to be a phenomenon of broad influence. It may play a role in processing chemosensory information as well as offering a system in which to study neuronal plasticit
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PMID:Substance P and catecholaminergic expression in neurons of the hamster main olfactory bulb. 619 81

The effects of acetylcholine and substance P were studied on the Frog's olfactory mucosa. Stimulation with these chemicals elicited low-threshold slow electrical potentials. Moreover, prior application of substance P strongly depressed the electrical response of the mucosa to acetylcholine. These results are discussed in relation to the possibility that acetylcholine and substance P could act on the functioning of the olfactory neuroreceptors.
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PMID:[Electrical responses of frog olfactory mucosa to the administration of acetylcholine and substance P]. 620 Dec 45

This paper describes a method for localization of substance P receptors in the rat central nervous system using 125I labeled substance P in an autoradiographic procedure. Particularly high densities of substance P receptors were observed in the olfactory bulb, dentate gyrus, amygdala, superior colliculus, and locus coeruleus. Surprisingly low densities of substance P receptors were found in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, a region which contains high concentrations of substance P.
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PMID:Autoradiographic localization of substance P receptors using 125I substance P. 630 Aug 6

Neurotensin (NT), an endogenous tridecapeptide, is heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. The present study examined the effects of physiologically and behaviorally active doses of NT (1--100 micrograms intracisternally) on dopamine, serotonin and their primary metabolites as well as accumulation of dopa after inhibition of dopa decarboxylase. NT was shown to increase dopa accumulation when compared with saline treatment, suggesting that dopamine synthesis was increased. In accord with this view, NT also caused a dose-dependent increase in homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, the major metabolites of dopamine, in several brain areas (striatum, olfactory tubercles, nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex and hypothalamus). Interestingly, the increase in homovanillic acid was greater than that for dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. In striatum, an initial increase in dopamine content after 30 micrograms of NT was followed by an increase and a subsequent decrease of dopamine metabolites. Several other neuropeptides (Met-enkephalin, cholecystokinin-8, thyrotropin releasing hormone, substance P and d-Arg9-NT), at doses equimolar to 30 micrograms of NT, did not affect dopamine metabolites, whereas certain others (beta-endorphin and bombesin) increased their concentration in some brain areas. Except for the highest dose of NT, measures of serotonergic function were not affected by NT or any of the other neuropeptides.
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PMID:Increase in dopamine metabolites in rat brain by neurotensin. 681 28


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