Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neonatal capsaicin treatments (25 or 50 mg/kg, 12, 24, or 48 hr after birth given subcutaneously) were applied in order to follow by immunocytochemical techniques the postnatal development and plasticity of the serotonergic system in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Two markers of the lesions of C primary afferents induced by capsaicin were tested by immunocytochemical detection: substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). We show that the internal part of substantia gelatinosa (lamina Ili) which does not contain serotonergic fibers in intact or vehicle-treated rats is invaded within a few days after capsaicin treatment by serotonergic fibers apparently sprouting from the deepest laminae. Moreover, these fibers often establish axodendritic synapses while synapses are rare in intact animals in the whole dorsal horn. This reorganization is stable whatever the dose of capsaicin used or the moment chosen for its injection. On the other hand, while lesions of substance P-ergic fibers appeared quite stable, partial recovery of CGRP innervation was found after 3 to 6 months, especially with the low dose of capsaicin. We discuss the ability of the serotonergic system innervating the dorsal cord either to find new targets or to fill vacated sites when one of its putative targets is removed.
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PMID:Plasticity of the serotonergic innervation of the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord following neonatal capsaicin treatment. 137 31

The neuropeptide substance P is found in perivascular and free unmyelinated nerve fibres in human synovial tissue. Quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to show specific, high affinity (Kd = 0.75 (0.21), nmol/l (mean (standard error of the mean)), low capacity (Bmax = 27.8 (7.9) amol/mm2) binding sites for substance P Bolton Hunter-labelled with iodine-125 localised to vascular endothelial cells in human synovial tissue. The binding could be saturated, was reversible, and was dependent on the magnesium concentration. Unlabelled substance P and neurokinin A competitively inhibited specific binding with 50% inhibition at concentrations of 1.25 (0.21) and 175 (29) nmol/l respectively. Neurokinin B (mumol/l) and calcitonin gene related peptide (1 mumol/l) did not inhibit binding. These binding sites show characteristics of the neurokinin 1 tachykinin receptor subtype. This provides further evidence that substance P may play a part in the vascular control of human synovium and may influence inflammatory processes in joints.
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PMID:Localisation and characterisation of substance P binding to human synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. 137 27

A study was undertaken to determine the segmental organization of the dorsal root ganglion cells which give rise to ureteric primary afferent fibres in the guinea-pig. The size-distribution and peptide content of these dorsal root ganglion cells were examined and compared with a sample of all dorsal root ganglion cells from the same ganglia. Afferent fibres to the guinea-pig ureter were found to arise mainly from dorsal root ganglia L2-L3 and S1-S2. A large contralateral component of the afferent innervation of the ureter was found when either the right or the left ureter was injected with tracer. This amounted to approximately 40% of the total labelled cells. The cross-sectional areas of the dorsal root ganglion cells of ureteric afferents were found to be at the smaller end of the size-range for the whole ganglion. Most (90%) of the cells innervating the ureter were immunoreactive for one of the peptides studies, substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide, and a large proportion (65%) were immunoreactive for both. This was very different for the ganglia as a whole, where only about 50% of the cells were immunoreactive for either of the peptides and only 14% were immunoreactive for both peptides. These results show a bilateral afferent innervation of the ureter by nerve fibres which, in the vast majority, contain substance P and/or calcitonin gene-related peptide.
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PMID:Afferent fibres from the guinea-pig ureter: size and peptide content of the dorsal root ganglion cells of origin. 137 38

The distribution of perikarya showing substance P- (SP) or calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) were investigated by means of immunohistochemical methods. Approximately 50% of the perikarya contain CGRP while SP-LI was observed in 1/3 of the cells. IR fibres were seen to leave the ganglion via the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The combination of peptide histochemistry and retrograde labelling of cells in the ganglion following injection of a fluorescent tracer into the pineal gland reveals that few SP- or CGRP-LI trigeminal neurons innervate the pineal gland. In contrast, the vast majority of perikarya in the TG were labelled upon application of the tracer to the meningeal surface supporting the view that meninges and meningeal arteries in rodents are heavily innervated by SP- and CGRP-LI trigeminal neurons.
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PMID:Substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat trigeminal ganglion--with special reference to meningeal and pineal innervation. 137 81

We have investigated with light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry the aminergic and peptidergic innervation of Onuf's nucleus in adult baboons. This nucleus, located in the ventrolateral part of the sacral spinal cord (S2 and S3), is considered to control urethral and anal sphincters and penile muscles. By comparison of intact and transected spinal cords, we have found that serotoninergic innervation has two origins: first, supraspinal, innervating the whole nucleus, with a possible predominance in the dorsal half; and second, intraspinal, corresponding to the ventral half of the nucleus. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone innervation appears largely coincident with serotonin, both in intact and transected spinal cords. Noradrenaline is exclusively of supraspinal origin, as attested by its disappearance below the level of the section. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and Leu- and Met-enkephalin, which profusely innervate Onuf's nucleus, are on the contrary not affected by the transection. They most likely originate from the cord itself or the dorsal root ganglia. Thus, Onuf's nucleus innervation in the baboon arises both from supraspinal and intraspinal sources. The present study provides an anatomical basis for both voluntary and reflex controls of excretory and sexual functions in a primate. The same neurotransmitter (serotonin) according to its cell origin and discrete topography could exert different influences upon the same effector system.
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PMID:Serotoninergic, noradrenergic, and peptidergic innervation of Onuf's nucleus of normal and transected spinal cords of baboons (Papio papio). 137 63

Triple-labelling immunofluorescence and retrograde axonal tracing with fluorescent dyes have been combined to identify and characterize the neuropeptide content of vasoconstrictor, vasodilator and pilomotor neurons in the lumbar sympathetic ganglia of guinea-pigs. Postganglionic noradrenergic pilomotor neurons lacked immunoreactivity to neuropeptide Y and comprised up to about 30% of postganglionic neurons. Most post-ganglionic noradrenergic neurons that contained neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity were likely to be vasoconstrictor neurons, although some noradrenergic neurons containing neuropeptide Y projected to pelvic viscera. Vasoconstrictor neurons comprised up to about 60% of postganglionic neurons. About 15% of postganglionic neurons were non-noradrenergic and contained immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y and dynorphin. They mostly innervated blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles and were likely to be vasodilator neurons. Endings of presumed preganglionic neurons containing immunoreactivity to substance P were exclusively associated with vasodilator neurons. Conversely, presumed preganglionic endings containing immunoreactivity to calcitonin gene-related peptide were exclusively associated with vasoconstrictor neurons, although not all vasoconstrictor neurons had such endings associated with them. Presumed preganglionic terminals containing immunoreactivity to enkephalin were associated with some postganglionic neurons in each functional class. These results show that preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic neurons lying in different functional pathways can be distinguished by their neuropeptide content as well as their projections. The identification of neurochemically distinct functional pathways begins to explain how the sympathetic nervous system is organized to allow the precise control of discrete target tissues.
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PMID:Vasoconstrictor, vasodilator and pilomotor pathways in sympathetic ganglia of guinea-pigs. 137 57

This study was designed to determine whether deficient substance P in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats was associated with a similar reduction in calcitonin gene-related peptide and whether the depletion of either or both peptides could be affected by insulin treatment or by aldose reductase inhibition. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were measured as immunoreactivities in the same nerve extracts. The sciatic nerve content of substance P was significantly reduced in diabetic rats (0.063 +/- 0.011; all data are mean +/- 1 standard deviation in ng peptide/mg nerve protein; n = 9 for all groups) compared to controls (0.093 +/- 0.026). The calcitonin gene related peptide content was similarly reduced (2.14 +/- 0.49) compared to controls (3.78 +/- 1.21). Tight glycaemic control with insulin prevented completely the deficit in both peptides (substance P = 0.096 +/- 0.021, calcitonin gene-related peptide = 4.66 +/- 0.92). Treatment with the aldose reductase inhibitor, imirestat, corrected the substance P deficit (0.08 +/- 0.018) and attenuated the calcitonin gene-related peptide (3.55 +/- 1.03) depletion seen in the untreated diabetic animals. This indicates that the polyol pathway may play a role in the peptide status of the sciatic nerve. Regression analysis of all data gave r2 = 0.53, indicating a comparable effect of diabetes and the treatments on both peptides.
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PMID:Depletion of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in sciatic nerve of rats with experimental diabetes; effects of insulin and aldose reductase inhibition. 137 69

Neuropeptides, synthesized in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), are implicated in nociception and neurogenic inflammation. Alterations in DRG neuropeptide levels have been described in polyarthritic rats, but these models are associated with widespread systemic disease. Using mild adjuvant-mediated monoarthritis of the left carpal joint we found significant increases in substance P (+69%) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; +204+), but not somatostatin in ipsilateral C6/7 DRG. Peptide levels in contralateral DRG and other ipsilateral DRG were unaltered. Substance P and CGRP in DRG may be of importance in the pathogenesis and maintenance of adjuvant arthritis.
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PMID:Increase in substance P and CGRP, but not somatostatin content of innervating dorsal root ganglia in adjuvant monoarthritis in the rat. 137 70

The occurrence and distribution of neuronal markers in human premolar and molar pulps were studied immunohistochemically. In the apical and central parts of the pulp, evenly distributed, thick neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve bundles predominated, which in many instances accompanied blood vessels. In the coronal parts, especially in the pulp horns, such nerve bundles formed a subodontoblastic plexus, while thin neurofilament-immunoreactive fibres projected into the odontoblastic region. In the coronal parts of the pulp, thin, varicose, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and occasionally substance P-immunoreactive fibres were observed in the pulp-dentine zone and also in the vicinity of blood vessels. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) fibres were distributed in several nerve bundles, while single VIP fibres were seen projecting into the odontoblastic region as well as in the vicinity of blood vessels. Peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI)-immunoreactive fibres showed a similar distribution as VIP, but were less common. Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibres occurred occasionally around blood vessels in the inner parts of the pulp. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibres with a varicose appearance were observed in some nerve bundles, but were also frequently seen around and in blood vessels. In premolar pulps obtained from teeth with open apices a less dense neurofilament innervation was seen in the coronal pulp. However, no apparent difference in the occurrence and distribution of the other neuronal markers was found compared to mature teeth. The human dental pulp, thus, seems to have a rich occurrence of neuropeptides and tyrosine hydroxylase in thin, varicose fibres. However, the distribution of the fibres expressing immunoreactivity to these neuronal markers seems to be sparse in comparison to neurofilament-immunoreactive fibres.
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PMID:Occurrence and distribution of different neurochemical markers in the human dental pulp. 137 21

The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been examined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the Gasserian ganglion and spinal nucleus of the human trigeminal nerve. In the ganglion CGRP is present in almost 50% of primary sensory neurons, in varicose and non-varicose nerve fibres and in pericellular basket-like plexuses around non-immunoreactive ganglionic perikarya. Morphometric analysis reveals that the CGRP-positive neuronal population is heterogeneous in cell size. Observation of specimens from subjects at fetal, perinatal and adult life stages reveals that the percentage of CGRP-immunoreactive cells reaches a maximum at perinatal stages and then remains constant, declining only in old age. Pericellular basket-like nerve fibres are detectable only in fetal and pre-term and full-term newborn tissue. Coexistence between CGRP and substance P (SP) occurs, SP being present in about one quarter of the CGRP-immunoreactive neurons and CGRP being localized in a little more than half of the SP-immunoreactive neurons. However, perikarya, nerve fibres and pericellular fibres containing only one or other peptide are also present. Bundles of immunoreactive fibres and dot-like nerve terminals occur in the spinal tract and superficial and deep regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. A particularly dense plexus is present in the peripheral nuclear layers. Double immunostaining shows a similar regional distribution for SP. However, in inner substantia gelatinosa the density of CGRP-immunoreactive fibres is much higher than that of SP-immunoreactive ones. The results obtained add information to our knowledge of the organization of neurochemically identified neurons in the human trigeminal sensory system.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human trigeminal sensory system at developmental and adult life stages: immunohistochemistry, neuronal morphometry and coexistence with substance P. 137 32


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