Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. We have used micropuncture techniques to study the regulation of fluid secretion by interlobular ducts isolated from the pancreas of copper-deficient rats. 2. Ducts isolated from different strains of Wistar rats exhibited quantitative differences in basal fluid secretion; however, secretion rates measured in the presence of secretin were similar. 3. Vasoactive intestinal peptide had no effect on fluid transport. 4. Bombesin stimulated fluid secretion, and this effect was abolished by removal of extracellular bicarbonate. 5. Substance P inhibited basal secretion, and that stimulated by bombesin and secretin. These inhibitory effects were partially reversed by spantide. 6. Substance P also inhibited fluid secretion stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and forskolin. This places the site of inhibition mediated by substance P at a point in the secretory mechanism distal to the generation of cyclic AMP. 7. We conclude that rat pancreatic duct cells possess receptors for bombesin and substance P, in addition to 'secretin-preferring' receptors. Since VIP had no effect on fluid transport, it is unlikely that 'VIP-preferring' receptors are present on rat duct cells.
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PMID:Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide, bombesin and substance P on fluid secretion by isolated rat pancreatic ducts. 169 81

Many neuropeptides have recently been identified in human and animal airways. These peptides have potent effects on airway caliber, blood vessels, and secretions, raising the possibility that they may be involved in airway diseases such as asthma. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine methionine are potent bronchodilators and may be neurotransmitters of nonadrenergic bronchodilator nerves. In asthma, if these peptides are broken down more rapidly by enzymes from inflammatory cells, this might contribute to exaggerated bronchial responsiveness. Neuropeptides that are found in sensory nerves, such as substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, have inflammatory effects and might also contribute to the pathology of asthma if released from sensory nerve endings by an axon reflex. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for the future.
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PMID:Neuropeptides and asthma. 170 52

In birds, B-lymphocytes mature in a special immune organ, the Bursa Fabricii. This organ thus offers unique possibilities for the study of the microenvironment of B-lymphocyte differentiation. We previously reported tachykinin-, vasoactive intestinal peptide-, calcitonin gene-related peptide- and galanin-immunoreactive (ir) fibres in the chicken bursa. As judged from light microscopic studies, each of the peptides was found in fibres contacting B-lymphocytes. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-ir fibres contacted macrophages. Now, we demonstrate neuropeptide Y, indicating the sympathetic nervous system, in fibres associated with arteries, not entering the follicles. CD4- and CD8-positive T-lymphocytes were dispersed in bursal follicles and the connective tissue, most densely in subepithelial regions. We could not find close apposition of fibres with either T-cell subset. We conclude that the potential neuro-immune axis in the Bursa Fabricii may represent a neuro-B-cell-link with only indirect participation of T-lymphocytes. The sympathetic input may influence the bursal microenvironment primarily by regulating the blood supply.
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PMID:Peptidergic innervation of the Bursa Fabricii: interrelation with T-lymphocyte subsets. 177 37

Blood flow in the tracheobronchial airways is regulated by three main nervous pathways: 1) sympathetic motor nerves (adrenergic and nonadrenergic); 2) parasympathetic motor nerves (cholinergic and noncholinergic); and 3) afferent or sensory nerves (peptidergic). Noradrenaline is the main adrenergic mediator which produces short-lasting constrictions in both tracheal and bronchial vascular beds and in both arteries and veins. These responses are mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors. The nonadrenergic mediator neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor which produces long-lasting responses with larger doses. Acetylcholine is the principal mediator of the cholinergic nerves and causes short-lasting dilations at all levels of the tracheobronchial circulation (arteries, veins and bronchopulmonary anastomoses). These responses are mediated via muscarinic receptors. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (in man peptide histidine methionine) are the main mediators of the noncholinergic nerves. Both of them produce vasodilation in the tracheobronchial circulation; VIP can cause longer-lasting responses with larger doses. The afferent or sensory nerves contain tachykinins, i.e. substance P and neurokinins A and B, which are potent vasodilators in the tracheobronchial circulation and also potent inducers of postcapillary permeability. Calcitonin gene-related peptide is another sensory neuropeptide with ability to produce long-lasting vasodilations without affecting microvascular permeability.
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PMID:Effects of neurotransmitters on tracheobronchial blood flow. 198 76

The occurrence and distribution of an array of neuropeptides and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the fungiform papillae of pigs and rats were studied by immunocytochemistry. Structural differences between the fungiform papillae of the two species were correlated to differences in the occurrence and distribution of neuropeptides. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-, substance P- and neurokinin A-containing fibers were numerous in the fungiform papillae of both species, although their distribution within the papilla differed. In the pig, the majority of these fibers ended within the taste buds, while in the rat numerous fibers also penetrated the adjacent epithelium. Galanin- and bombesin-immunoreactive nerve fibers could not be detected in the rat fungiform papillae, while in the pig many, but not all, of the fungiform papillae contained bombesin- and galanin-positive nerve fibers. Vasoactive intestinal peptide- and peptide histidine isoleucine-immunoreactive fibers occurred in the fungiform papillae of both species. A few neuropeptide Y-containing fibers and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive (presumably adrenergic) fibers could be observed in the porcine papillae only.
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PMID:Peptide-containing nerve fibers in the fungiform papillae of pigs and rats. 203 20

Many neuropeptides have recently been identified in human and animal airways. These peptides, which may coexist with classical transmitters, have potent effects on airway calibre, blood vessels and secretions, raising the possibility that they may be involved in airway diseases such as asthma. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide histidine methionine have potent relaxant effects on both vascular and bronchial smooth muscle, and may be neurotransmitters of non-cholinergic vasodilatation and non-adrenergic bronchodilation. Several neuropeptides which are found in sensory nerves, such as substance P, neurokinin A and calcitonin gene-related peptide, have both direct inflammatory effects and influence inflammatory cells, and might also contribute to the pathology of asthma if released from sensory nerve endings by an axon reflex.
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PMID:Neuropeptides as modulators of airway function. 208 Jul 51

We examined the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and somatostatin on concanavalin A (1 microgram/ml)-induced lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) synthesis by cells from spleens, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. These neuropeptides (10(-7) to 10(-12) M) modulated immune responses in a dose-dependent manner. For a comparative study, neuropeptides were used at 10(-8) M concentration. Both vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin significantly decreased DNA synthesis (30 to 50%), whereas substance P increased synthesis (40%) in lymphocytes from all organs tested. IgA synthesis was significantly altered by all of the neuropeptides tested, whereas IgM synthesis was less affected and IgG synthesis was virtually unchanged. Somatostatin inhibited IgA (20 to 50%) and IgM (10 to 30%) synthesis in lymphocytes from all three organs. Substance P increased IgA synthesis in mesenteric lymph nodes (50%), spleens (70%), and Peyer's patches (300%). It also increased IgM synthesis in Peyer's patches (20%) and spleens (30%), but was without effect on IgM synthesis in mesenteric lymph nodes. Vasoactive intestinal peptide increased the IgA response in mesenteric lymph nodes (20%) and spleens (30%), but inhibited IgA synthesis in lymphocytes from Peyer's patches (60%). Interestingly, in Peyer's patches, IgM synthesis was increased by vasoactive intestinal peptide (80%), whereas it was unchanged in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen. Thus, not only did these neuropeptides have different effects on the production of different immunoglobulin isotypes, but their effect was also organ-specific. Because neuropeptides which are abundant in the intestine can modulate IgA and other immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro, they may play a significant regulatory role in mucosal immune responses in vivo.
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PMID:Differential effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, and somatostatin on immunoglobulin synthesis and proliferations by lymphocytes from Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. 241 14

Somatostatin (SRIF), cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin and substance P, as single agents, do not influence baseline cellular cAMP levels in human thyroid cultures. SRIF inhibits TSH-induced cAMP accumulation in human thyroid cell, while CCK, gastrin and substance P do not modify cAMP response to TSH. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increases cellular cAMP levels in human thyroid cultures and its effect is additive to increases produced by norepinephrine (NE) and isoproterenol (ISO). Neither SRIF nor the other tested peptides influence adrenergic and VIP-ergic cAMP stimulation.
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PMID:Neuropeptidergic control of cyclic AMP accumulation in human thyroid cell. 241 54

Supramaximal repetitive field stimulation with pulses of 50 microseconds produced contraction of strips of bladder from rabbits and guinea-pigs. Atropine reduced responses at all frequencies to about 60% and the contraction was poorly maintained. With the double sucrose-gap technique large excitatory junction potentials (e.j.p.s) were recorded with superimposed action potentials. These were not reduced by atropine or phentolamine. Substance P (SP) produced contraction and increased the frequency of spontaneous action potentials recorded with micro-electrodes from bladder strips. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) produced relaxation and slowed action potentials in rabbit but had no effect in guinea-pig; neurotensin, somatostatin and leu-enkephalin were without action in either species. When the tissue was kept in contact with SP, a second application after 10 min produced only a small contraction suggesting that SP receptors were desensitized. However, the electrical response to field stimulation was unchanged and the mechanical response was increased. Chymotrypsin reduced mechanical responses to SP but had no effect on responses to field stimulation. The SP analogue, D-Pro2, D-Phe7, D-Trp9-SP, had no effect on responses to SP or to field stimulation. It is concluded that the bladder receives excitatory non-cholinergic innervation which is responsible for a large excitatory junction potential and contraction. Although SP can contract the detrusor muscle, it is unlikely that it is an excitatory transmitter or that any of the five peptides act as modulators of transmitter release.
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PMID:Non-cholinergic neurotransmission and the effects of peptides on the urinary bladder of guinea-pigs and rabbits. 242

Experiments have been undertaken to determine the nature of the atropine-resistant neurogenic dilation that can be demonstrated in vitro in cephalic arteries of the cat. Levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P were measured in a number of arteries and related to the extent of the neurogenic dilation that can be elicited in vitro. There is no correlation between the tissue contents of the two peptides. A positive correlation was found between vasoactive intestinal peptide but not substance P content and neurogenic dilation. Vasoactive intestinal peptide but not substance P consistently caused a concentration-dependent dilation of cephalic arteries not subject to significant tachyphylaxis. Vasoactive intestinal peptide antiserum in concentrations that block the dilation to vasoactive intestinal peptide (10(-6) M) but not that due to papaverine, significantly reduced neurodilation of both atropinized and non-atropinized lingual arteries--the cephalic artery with the highest VIP content. These results suggest that vasoactive intestinal peptide and not substance P significantly contributes to the non-cholinergic neurogenic dilation observed in vitro in arterial segments from the head of the cat.
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PMID:In vitro evidence that vasoactive intestinal peptide is a transmitter of neuro-vasodilation in the head of the cat. 243 Feb 33


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