Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence and distribution of bombesin-, enkephalin-, gastrin/cholecystokinin-, neuropeptide Y-, neurotensin-, somatostatin-, substance P-, and VIP-like immunoreactivities in gut nerves of representatives of nineteen cyclostome, elasmobranch and teleost species have been studied. The results have been correlated to results from previous studies in other species. Nerve plexuses showing bombensin-like, substance P-like and VIP-like immunoreactivity are commonly occurring, while other neuropeptides may have a more varied distribution. Tentative evolutionary patterns, and the possible function and importance of each peptide is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Neuropeptides in the fish gut. An immunohistochemical study of evolutionary patterns. 245 81

The present study examines the effects of intrathecal administration of selected peptides on nociceptive responses in the rat. Each peptide was delivered via a chronically implanted catheter to the L5 vertebral level. In the tail flick test, VIP (0.65-6.5 nmoles) produced a dose-dependent decrease in reaction time (RT) from 1 to 6-16 min after injection; 6.5 nmoles decreased RT to 37% of control value at 1 min after injection. Galanin (0.65-6.5 nmoles) produced a dose-dependent increase in reaction time at 1 and 6 min; at high doses, many of the rats failed to flick the tail. CGRP (6.5 nmoles) produced a small, transient decrease in RT to 73% of control values at 1 min; 3.25 nmoles were without effect. CSF and 6.5 nmoles of somatostatin, TRH and angiotensin II were without effect. At high doses of galanin and CGRP, rats vocalized to innocuous touch of the tail, as reported for substance P. Von Frey hairs were thus applied to the tail after 6.5 nmoles of VIP, galanin, CGRP or substance P. Vocalization in response to a previously innocuous pressure stimulus was observed at 30 s after injection in all rats given galanin and some rats given CGRP or substance P; the effect lasted 4-8 min. VIP and CSF had no effect. These results suggest that VIP, galanin, CGRP and substance P may act as excitatory agents in nociceptive pathways and that specific peptides may function in the different types of pain modalities; VIP in thermal, galanin in mechanical and substance P and CGRP in both.
 ...
PMID:Effects of intrathecal administration of neuropeptides on a spinal nociceptive reflex in the rat: VIP, galanin, CGRP, TRH, somatostatin and angiotensin II. 245 92

The distribution of regulatory peptides was studied in the separated mucosa, submucosa and muscularis externa taken at 10 sampling sites encompassing the whole human sigmoid colon (five sites), rectum (two sites), and anal canal (three sites). Consistently high concentrations of VIP were measured in the muscle layer at most sites (proximal sigmoid: 286 (16) pmol/g, upper rectum: 269 (17), a moderate decrease being found in the distal smooth sphincter (151 (30) pmol/g). Values are expressed as mean (SE). Conversely, substance P concentrations showed an obvious decline in the recto-anal muscle (mid sigmoid: 19 (2.0) pmol/g, distal rectum: 7.1 (1.3), upper anal canal: 1.6 (0.6)). Somatostatin was mainly present in the sigmoid mucosa and submucosa (37 (9.3) and 15 (3.5) pmol/g, respectively) and showed low, but consistent concentrations in the muscle (mid sigmoid: 2.2 (0.7) pmol/g, upper anal canal: 1.5 (0.8]. Starting in the distal sigmoid colon, a distinct peak of tissue NPY was revealed, which was most striking in the muscle (of mid sigmoid: 16 (3.9) pmol/g, upper rectum: 47 (7.8), anal sphincter: 58 (14)). Peptide YY was confined to the mucosa and showed an earlier peak (upper sigmoid: 709 (186) pmol/g, mid-distal sigmoid: 1965 (484)). A clear differential distribution of regulatory peptides was thus shown in the region studied. A possible role is suggested for NPY and VIP containing nerves in the effector control of the human internal anal sphincter.
 ...
PMID:Intramural distribution of regulatory peptides in the sigmoid-recto-anal region of the human gut. 245 76

1. Pentagastrin (10(-8)-2 X 10(-6) M) was found to increase motor activity in the cardiac stomach and spiral intestine but only occasionally in the pyloric stomach and not at all in the rectum. 2. Substance P increased motor activity in both parts of the stomach and the rectum (10(-8)-5 X 10(-7) M) but had only a slight effect on the spiral intestine. 3. No effect on the activity of any part of the gut was seen with VIP (10(-7) M), neurotensin (2 X 10(-6) M) or bradykinin (2 X 10(-5) M). 4. The responses to pentagastrin or substance P were not abolished by TTX (10(-6) M). 5. The implications of these results for the understanding of the control of gut motility in elasmobranchs is discussed.
 ...
PMID:The effect of peptides on the motility of the stomach, intestine and rectum in the skate (Raja). 245 20

The neuropharmacologic effects of low frequency vibration on the dorsal root ganglion, a reported epidemiological cause of low-back pain, have only recently been described. This investigation was undertaken to validate the hypothesis that substance P and VIP, known to be produced in the dorsal root ganglion cell bodies, will be affected by low frequency vibration. Three New Zealand white rabbits were vibrated at discrete frequencies (2-10 Hz) to determine the resonant frequency of the rabbit spine. The resonating frequency was in the (3.5-5.0 Hz) range. The peak amplitude was at 4.5 Hz. Ten female New Zealand white rabbits were then paired into two groups of five. One group served as a control and had exactly the same procedures performed as the experimental group except for the vibration. The L4-5 and L5-6 dorsal root ganglia were removed bilaterally and prepared for substance P and VIP extraction by radioimmunoassay technique. The control rabbits mean immunoreactive substance P was 14.06 pg/ml tissue, whereas the experimental or vibrated rabbits had a mean of 8.40 pg/ml (P less than 0.003). The control rabbits mean immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide was 9.58 pg/ml whereas the experimental or vibrated rabbits had a mean of 20.9 pg/ml, P less than 0.07. Substance P is only one of several dorsal root ganglion neuropeptides that may play a role in nociceptor transmission. VIP is a neuropeptide that plays a role in reorganization of the nervous system following injury. The effects of low frequency vibration on dorsal root ganglion transmitters are essential to the understanding of vibration as a cause of back pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Neuropharmacologic effects of vibration on the dorsal root ganglion. An animal model. 246 Sep 31

Calbindin-D28K was immunohistochemically localized in myenteric and submucosal plexuses throughout the rat intestine. Calbindin-D28K immunoreactivity was found in about half of myenteric neurons and in more than 90% of submucosal neurons. Calbindin-D28K was also observed in nerve processes running inside ganglia, muscle layers and lamina propria. No correlation could be established between the presence of calbindin-D28K and the distribution of neuropeptides localized in this study (VIP, enkephalin, somatostatin and substance P). In addition, some endocrine-like cells of the ileum were calbindin-D28K-positive. Half of these endocrine cells also contained neurotensin but none of the other neuropeptides investigated.
 ...
PMID:Calbindin-D28K and the peptidergic neuroendocrine system in rat gut: an immunohistochemical study. 246 Dec 41

The potency of synthetic bombesin (BN) analogues with D-Phe12 substitutions and substance P analogues was investigated in the rat CNS. (D-Phe12,Leu14)BN, (D-Phe12)BN and (Tyr4,D-Phe12)BN inhibited binding to rat brain slices with IC50 values of approximately 2 microM. Similarly, spantide inhibited binding to rat brain slices with an IC50 value of 1.5 microM. Spantide inhibited specific (125I-Tyr4)BN binding as a result of decreased rate of association, whereas the rate of dissociation was unaffected. Neither the (D-Phe12)BN analogues nor the substance P analogues inhibited specific binding of 125I-VIP to rat brain slices. Central administration of BN (0.5 micrograms) induced grooming and suppressed feeding and resting. (Tyr4, D-Phe12)BN (5 micrograms) antagonized the behavioral effects of BN. Although spantide (2 micrograms) also antagonized many of the BN effects, it had intrinsic effects and hence the behavioral antagonism was not specific. These data suggest that although both (D-Phe12)BN and substance P analogues may function as central BN receptor antagonists, the (D-Phe12)BN analogues may be functionally the more useful class of antagonists.
 ...
PMID:(D-Phe12) bombesin and substance P analogues function as central bombesin receptor antagonists. 246 92

Eighty colon carcinomas reflecting the histologic spectrum were studied immunohistochemically; their epithelial characteristics had been established by demonstrating cytokeratin polypeptides. Paraffin sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibody (Mab) A-80 that recognizes a mucin-like glycoprotein related to exocrine differentiation. Sequential sections were immunostained with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation antibodies: NSE, human chromogranin A, serotonin, somatostatin, substance P and VIP. Twenty-one/80 carcinomas immunoreacted exclusively with Mab A-80; these included adenocarcinomas with variably defined glands, colloid, "solid", and linitits plastica carcinomas. Eleven/80 carcinomas immunoreacted only with antibodies to NE markers. Twenty-nine/80 carcinomas of histologically variable patterns expressed both exocrine and NE antigens. A notable group of 19 adenocarcinomas immunostaining with Mab A-870 included a minority NE cell subpopulation. We tentatively conclude that given a limited battery of immunoprobes, colon carcinomas comprise 4 groups: 1) pure exocrine carcinomas, 2) pure NE carcinomas, 3) mixed exocrine and NE carcinomas, and 4) exocrine carcinomas with occasional NE cells. Thus, phenotypically mixed exocrine and NE carcinomas comprise the largest group while the second largest group exhibited exclusively features of exocrine phenotype. Preliminary clinical correlative data indicate that pure NE colon carcinomas behave more aggressively than their exocrine counterparts; moreover, colon carcinomas containing a NE subpopulation, even if small, also seem to behave worse than their counterparts without an NE subpopulation.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of colon carcinomas applying exocrine and neuroendocrine markers. 246 47

We present a case of secondary achalasia due to an adenocarcinoma of the stomach with no tumor infiltration of the esophagus. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a massive infiltration of activated eosinophils in the muscularis of the esophagus with secretion of the highly cytotoxic and neurotoxic eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Immunohistochemical staining for the neuropeptides VIP and substance P, as well as the histochemical demonstration of AChE, revealed a nearly total absence of all three neurotransmitters/modulators compared to control. The hypothesis is advanced that eosinophil neurotoxicity is the cause of secondary achalasia.
 ...
PMID:Severe destruction of esophageal nerves in a patient with achalasia secondary to gastric cancer. A possible role of eosinophil neurotoxic proteins. 246 64

Localization and development of chick heart peptidergic innervation (Substance P, VIP and Somatostatin) were investigated by means of immunofluorescence technique. The peptidergic component of the heart innervation was observed, for the first time, in older than 11 day chick embryos, i.e., subsequently to the appearance of the cholinergic component. The peptidergic structures achieve nearly full development in about 16-17 day embryos. Substance P is the most represented of the three peptides. It is localized both in nerve bundle fibers and in isolated fibers within the myocardium, the pericardium, the vessel walls; it is also present in fibers of some heart base ganglia. VIP is mostly contained in some thick single fibers travelling along the vessel walls of the heart base, the myocardium and the pericardium. Some VIP immunoreactive cells were also observed in the base ganglia. Somatostatin is mostly contained in some ganglia cells, whilst thin Somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers form a rich plexus among the atrial and ventricular myofibers, without contacting the vessel walls.
 ...
PMID:Chick heart peptidergic innervation: localization and development. 246 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>