Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The regional distribution of substance P in postmortem brain and spinal cord of 5 cases of schizophrenia were investigated using the immunohistochemical PAP and ABC technique. Substance P immunoreactive fibers were primarily found in Substantia nigra, nucleus tractus spinalis n. trigemini, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus spinalis n. vestibuli, nucleus ambiguous, Central gray matter of the midbrain, globus pallidus and cornua posteriora spinales. The 5 cases showed no differences to the controls. These results agree with the finding reported abroad that the brain tissues were measured by radioimmunoassays. It was also discussed on study method of substance P in Central nervous system.
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PMID:[Observations on substance P in the brain and spinal cord in schizophrenia]. 248 3

The chemical nature of the spinal ganglionic neuron with peripheral processes projecting divergently to the somatic and visceral areas, has been identified by means of tri-labeling method of combining fluorescein tracing with immunocytochemistry. 10 rats were used. First, 2 microliters of 2% fast blue(FB) were injected into the left coeliac ganglion. Two days later, 2% nuclear yellow (NY) was injected into left 9-11 intercostal nerves, 1 microliter for each. On the 4th day, the animal was perfused with 10% formalin in 0.1 mol phosphate buffer. The left T9-11 spinal ganglia were removed and cut into sections by cryostat. The sections were observed under fluorescence microscope and photographed. The results showed that there were three kinds of neurons in the spinal ganglia: 1) single FB labeled cells with blue fluorescent cytoplasm accounted for 38.8% of total cells; 2) single NY labeled cells with yellow fluorescent nuclei accounted for 52.7%; 3) FB and NY double-labeled cells, mostly small or medium in size, accounted for 8.5%. Then, the sections containing double-labeled cells were further processed by substance P-demonstrating PAP immunocytochemical staining. The photographs with immunostaining and fluorescein labelings in the same section were compared. We found that the labeling ratio of SP/NY was 1.4%, SP/FB was 7%, and SP/NY + FB was 28.8%. The present study detected not only the convergence of somato-visceral sensation in the spinal ganglia but also the chemical nature of these neurons containing substance P (SP) for the first time. In addition, these results may provide a morphological basis for the mechanisms of referred pain and somato-visceral reflection.
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PMID:The somato-visceral divergent projections of peripheral processes of substance P-containing spinal ganglionic neurons--tri-labeling study of combining fluorescein tracing with immunocytochemistry. 248 59

Putative neurotransmitters of the lower urinary tract were investigated in apes, rabbits and cats using immunohistochemical techniques of PAP (Peroxidase antiperoxidase) staining and IGSS (Immunogold silver staining) methods for Neuron specific enolase (NSE), Acetylcholine (Ach), Noradrenaline (NA), Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). 1) The localization of pelvic ganglions exhibited more striking evidence of species difference. Huge pelvic ganglions were found particularly in the dorsolateral area of the prostate in apes. On the other hand, in cats and rabbits, many ganglion cells were found around the uretero-vesical junctions. 2) In the pelvic ganglions of the apes, Ach immunoreactives were detected in nearly 70 percent of the cell bodies. 10-15 percent were NA immunoreactive cells. In addition, 15-20 percent VIP and a smaller percentage of SP immunoreactive cells were detected in the same ganglions. Axons extending from the ganglion cells showed the intense neurotransmitters immunoreactivity. 3) In the apes, varicose fibers containing SP were widely distributed in the epithelium, submucosa, muscle layer, and around the vessels of the bladder. SP immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the dorsal root ganglion at levels of L7, S1 and at the same levels in the posterior horn. On the other hand, the bulbourethral gland and the seminal vesicle contained SP immunoreactive cell bodies. 4) CGRP containing fibers were distributed in similar locations as SP containing fibers in the bladder. 5) VIP immunoreactive fibers were also widely distributed, being most dense at the base of the bladder.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies of putative neurotransmitters in the lower urinary tract]. 257 46

The occurrence and distribution of substance P (SP)-related immunoreactivity were examined in the adult brains of two species of lampreys, Petromyzon marinus and Entosphenus tridentatus, by using the PAP technique and three different anti-SP sera (anti-SP#1, anti-SP#2, and anti-SP#3). In both species of lampreys, anti-SP#1 and anti-SP#2 yielded positive reactions in the brain, while there was no, or slight immunoreaction there to anti-SP#3. The positive reactions toward anti-SP sera in the lamprey brain were not eliminated, or insufficiently reduced by preabsorption with SP, but they were completely abolished by preabsorption with eledoisin-related peptide. Thus, SP-positive material in the lamprey brain is more closely related, in terms of immunological determinants, to eledoisin than to SP. In Petromyzon, SP-positive perikarya were found in the ventrolateral telencephalon and the ventral hypothalamus, whereas in Entosphenus they were found in the ventral thalamus, tegmentum motoricum mesencephali (two locations), and rostral rhombencephalon, as well as in the above-mentioned two regions. Nevertheless, the distributions of SP-positive fibers in the regions of the brain other than the neurohypophysis were very similar between the two species: SP-positive fibers were found at many locations of the brain, and were especially rich in the periventricular subependymal zone of the ventral telencephalon and in the diencephalon, preoptic area, hypothalamus, and interpeduncular nucleus. In Petromyzon, a heavy accumulation of positive fibers was observed in the rostral part of the anterior neurohypophysis, whereas in Entosphenus no such fibers were observed there. These results clearly suggest the presence of a neuronal system of unknown function containing a SP-related peptide in the brain of lampreys.
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PMID:Occurrence and distribution of substance P-related immunoreactivity in the brain of adult lampreys, Petromyzon marinus and Entosphenus tridentatus. 378 Dec 22

Pancreatic endocrine cells were stained immunocytochemically for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide by the PAP technique or sequentially for two hormones by the PAP followed by an indirect immunogold procedure. Pancreatic endocrine cells of Chrysemys are found scattered as single cells or small aggregates throughout the exocrine parenchyma; only the splenic region shows islets consisting of a B cell core surrounded by a loose mantle of A cells and occasional D cells. PP cells were not found in this splenic portion but were found scattered throughout the remainder of the pancreas. In contrast to the typical vertebrate islet, Chrysemys pancreatic endocrine cells are characterized by a lack of preferential association of one cell type with another and suggests that paracrine regulatory mechanisms may not be operable in this species. Insulin secretion from pieces of Chrysemys pancreas has been measured in incubation and perifusion systems employing a heterologous radioimmunoassay. Insulin release by Chrysemys B cells is enhanced by elevated levels of glucose (300 mg/dl), however, response appears to be somewhat slower compared to other vertebrate B cells. Gastrin, secretin, neurotensin, motilin, serotonin, PYY, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin and insulin were demonstrated immunocytochemically in open-type GEP cells of the mucosal epithelium of the Chrysemys intestine. Of these cells, gastrin, neurotensin and insulin cells appear to be the most numerous while the other types appear less frequently. Cells containing PP, bombesin, cholecystokinin and substance P could not be demonstrated. The localization of insulin to GEP cells of the turtle intestine is an unusual finding but has been confirmed by radioimmunoassay of extracts of the intestinal mucosa.
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PMID:The gastro-entero-pancreatic system of the turtle, Chrysemys picta. 391 12

In the brain of adult specimens of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta (L), cells immunoreactive for several kinds of neuropeptides were localized by means of the PAP procedure, by use of antisera raised against mammalian hormones or hormonal peptides. In contrast, no such neurosecretory cells were found in the corpora cardiaca and corpora allata (CC/CA); in the CC/CA, however, immunoreactive nerve fibres were observed, reaching these organs from the brain. The neurosecretory cells found in the brain were immunoreactive with at least one of the following mammalian antisera, namely those raised against the insulin B-chain, somatostatin, glucagon C-terminal, glucagon N-terminal, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), gastrin C-terminus, enkephalin, alpha- and beta-endorphin, Substance P, and calcitonin. No cells were immunoreactive with antisera specific for detecting neurons containing the insulin A-chain, nerve growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin connecting peptide (C-peptide), polypeptide YY (PYY), gastrin mid-portion (sequence 6-13), cholecystokinin (CCK) mid-portion (sequences 9-20 and 9-25), neurotensin C-terminus, bombesin, motilin, ACTH, or serotonin. All the neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells observed emitted nerve fibers passing through the brain to the CC and in some cases also to the CA. In CC these immunoreactive nerve fibers tended to accumulate near the aorta. It was speculated that neuropeptides are released into the circulating haemolymph and act as neurohormones.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of neuropeptides in the brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata of an adult lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta (L). 613 31

The human fetal sympathetic ganglia were studied using the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase PAP method for immunocytochemical demonstration of three catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) as well as the neuropeptides leucine (Leu5)-enkephalin and substance P. The neuroblasts of the ganglia showed intense peroxidase immunoreactivity for TH, moderate reaction to DBH, and no reaction to PNMT. The small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells situated along the blood vessels also showed positive labelling for only two enzymes, TH and BDH. The immunocytochemical localization of these enzymes suggests that both neuroblasts and SIF cells synthesize noradrenalin. Neither the neuroblasts nor SIF cells showed a reaction to substance P, and only the SIF cells contained enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. The role of enkephalin in the noradrenalin-containing SIF cells is unknown, but may be related to neuromodulation of ganglionic transmission.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, substance P and enkephalin in the human fetal sympathetic ganglion. 616 66

Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the celiac ganglion of guinea pigs were revealed with the PAP procedures to contain abundant small clear vesicles mixed with a few large granular vesicles. The immunoreactive materials were localized around cytoplasmic components including vesicles and on the inside of the plasma membrane. The immunoreactive fibers directly apposed to unlabelled dendrites of postganglionic neurons and also to preganglionic axons. Morphological features of synapses could be identified at sites of apposition to unlabelled dendrites: clusters of vesicles in the immunoreactive fibers, intercellular spaces of about 20 nm, and an intermediate density on the postjunctional membrane of unlabelled dendrites. On the other hand, no distinct electron density together with accumulations of vesicles was seen underneath the apposed membrane of unlabelled axons. These findings indicate at the ultrastructural level that substance P-fibers form axo-dendritic synapses on the postganglionic neurons and also suggest the presence of the presynaptic interaction between substance P-fibers and some preganglionic axons in this ganglion.
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PMID:An electron microscopic study on substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the celiac ganglion of guinea pigs. 617 Mar 85

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of Substance P (SP) immunoreactive cells within the anterior pituitary gland of the adult guinea pig. By utilizing the PAP technique of Sternberger, immunoreactive SP-containing cells were visualized in all animals studied. These cells were most dense in the ventral portion of the gland. When adjacent tissue sections were incubated with anti-SP serum and anti-rat TSH serum, it was observed that most, if not all, the SP immunoreactive cells examined also exhibited TSH immunoreactivity. However, not all TSH immunoreactive cells contained SP immunoreactivity. Immunoabsorption controls indicated that the immunohistochemical staining reactions were specific for both SP and TSH. The results of this study indicate that immunoreactive SP is present in the guinea pig anterior pituitary and that this peptide is localized within TSH immunoreactive cells.
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PMID:Substance P immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary gland of the guinea pig. 617 69

At the light microscope level, the minute concentrations of substance P (SP) in rat spinal ventral horn can be visualized best by amplification with the double bridge PAP method of Vacca et al. (1975; 1980) in 5 microns paraffin tissue sections. Morphologically, the immunoreactive sites resemble punctate bodies. They occur in close apposition with the large ventral horn cells and their associated neuronal processes. By the Sternberger PAP procedure, we now describe these punctate bodies at the electron microscope level. Ultrastructurally, they appear as tiny boutons (terminal and preterminal) and small unmyelinated processes. The boutons and processes typically contain one to several immunolabeled dense core vesicles among many immunolabeled clear vesicles. They range in size near the limit of resolution of the light microscope (LM), thereby justifying further the use of LM amplification staining by the double bridge method. The immunolabeled boutons often synapse with large smooth dendrites (which may originate from motoneurons) by asymmetrical or symmetrical synaptic densities. Their synaptic densities appear immunostained as well. The data support the view that the electrophysiological action of SP in the ventral horn occurs in part by synaptic action along the processes of the ventral horn cells. Other mechanisms of action are considered for the peptide as well. Additional types of membrane specializations (synaptoid junctions) and SP neural circuits are described below.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of substance P immunoreactivity in the ventral horn of the rat spinal cord. 618 47


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