Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of extracellular calcium on the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) induced by electrical field stimulation from enteric nerves of isolated rat ileum was studied; the effect of high potassium, veratridine and caffeine was also examined. Release of endogenous substance P from enteric nerves was also measured for comparison. Electrical field stimulation (10 Hz, 0.3 ms for 2 min) of the ileum preparation caused a significant (P less than 0.001) increase in the release of CGRP and substance P from enteric nerves. The evoked, but not the basal, release of both CGRP and substance P was inhibited in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). The release of CGRP and substance P induced by electrical stimulation was abolished in Ca2+-free medium containing CDTA and also in normal medium containing the calcium channel blocker cadmium chloride (CdCl2), with no change in the level of the basal release of both peptides. However, potassium depolarization (76 and 110 mM) failed to evoke an increase in the release of endogenous CGRP, although it did cause an increase in the release can be induced by mobilization of calcium from intracellular Ca2+ stores. Veratridine, on the other hand, did not cause an increase in CGRP release, although substance P and VIP release was induced by veratridine from the same preparations. The results of the present study have demonstrated that CGRP release from enteric nerves requires the presence of extracellular calcium but, unlike substance P and most other transmitters reported to show calcium-dependent release, potassium depolarization does not induce CGRP release from enteric nerves of rat ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from rat enteric nerves is Ca2+-dependent but is not induced by K+ depolarization. 246 7

A kininase, capable of degrading bradykinin, was partially purified from the dental pulp of rats, and its properties were investigated. Chromatography on both Sephadex G-200 and DEAE Sephadex A-50 columns gave a single peak of kininase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme, estimated by gel filtration, was about 67,000, and the optimum pH for the enzymatic reaction was about 7.5. The enzyme appears to contain a labile SH group(s) that is essential for its activity, because CdCl2, HgCl2 (0.1 mM each), and p-chloromercuric benzoate (0.05 mM) inhibited the enzyme completely, while dithiothreitol retarded the loss of activity during storage. Of various peptides tested, bradykinin was the substrate most sensitive for the enzyme. The enzyme released several amino acids located in the C-terminal regions of bradykinin--angiotensin I and neurotensin--but only one C-terminal amino acid from des-Arg9--bradykinin and angiotensin II. In contrast, the enzyme did not release any amino acids from substance P, of which only the two amino acids in the N-terminal region are the same as those of bradykinin, but its C-terminal is blocked by an amino group. Although the enzyme was not so highly purified as to rule out the contribution of other peptidases, these results suggest that the dental pulp of rats may contain a single enzyme that degrades bradykinin, and the enzyme may be a type of carboxypeptidase, differing from known kininases from other animal sources.
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PMID:Properties of kininase in rat dental pulp. 658 67

Rats were fed, from weaning through 11 weeks of age, dried leaf tissue of corn plants grown on soil amended with regular NPK fertilizer (150-22-62), with 33.6 ad 67.2 metric ton/ha of sewage sludge or with salts of cadmium (10kg/ha), lead (25kg/ha), and/or zinc (50kg/ha). A very high proportion of the cadmium (cd) consumed was eliminated in feces. Only in rats fed diets containing leaf tissue from plants grown on soil to which CdCl2 salt or the high level of sludge had been added did the metal accumulate in significantly greater quantity than in rats fed a standard diet without leaf tissue. Most of the carcass accumulation of Cd could be accounted for by that in the liver and kidneys. The proportion of dietary zinc (Zn) that was excreted in feces was less than that for Cd, indicating that more Zn was absorbed into the body. There was no correlation between intake and accumulation of Zn in the tissues, however, so that much of the absorbed Zn must have been eliminated in some way. Fecal elimination did not serve as a way to rid the body of excessive intake of lead (Pb). However, with intakes ranging from 2 to 11 mg total in this study, the carcass load did not exceed 1.1 mg of Pb. Thus absorbed Pb, like Zn, must also be eliminated efficiently. No gross signs of toxicity or of physiological impairment were observed in rats fed any of the plant tissue samples.
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PMID:Cadmium, lead and zinc in growing rats fed corn leaf tissue grown on soil amended with sewage sludge or heavy metal salts. 733 54

The effects of substance P (SP) and the selective NK1 receptor agonist [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P on neonate rat spinal motoneurones were examined using intracellular recordings. Bath-administration of SP (0.1-3 microM) or [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P (0.01-3 microM) induced a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive (10 microM) depolarization and a tetraethylammoniumchloride (TEA)-sensitive (3 mM) decrease in membrane conductance. The duration of the slow afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following the action potentials were significantly reduced (p = 0.003) by both NK1 receptor agonists. The mean duration of the sAHPs (+/- SEM) in control was 67.8 +/- 6.3 ms whereas in the presence of SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P their duration was reduced to 41.7 +/- 4.6 ms. Low Ca2+ (0.2 mM)-containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) or addition of BaCl2 or CdCl2 (2 mM) reduced the durations of the slow AHPs by 55%. In the presence of these agents SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P practically abolished the remaining slow AHPs, suggesting that the agonists also reduce a calcium-independent current. None of the effects induced by the NK1 receptor agonists were antagonized by the NK1 receptor antagonists (+/-)-CP-96,345 (10 microM), RP 67580 (1 microM) or GR 82334 (3-5 microM). In conclusion this study demonstrates that SP and [Sar9Met(O2)11] substance P elicit their effects on NK1 receptors by modulating at least two potassium currents, namely IK and ICa(K).
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PMID:The effects of neurokinin-1 receptor agonists on spinal motoneurones of the neonatal rat. 879 15

A plot study was conducted to assess changes in Cd phytoavailability to a tomato cultivar in an agricultural soil in Southeastern Spain amended in two different ways (A and B), under controlled conditions. The experimental soil corresponded to a fine-loamy carbonatic thermic Calcidic Haploxeroll (Soil Survey Staff, Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eighth ed., USDA, Washington, 1998). (A) Soil was amended with a single application of sewage sludge from a municipal source that had a total Cd concentration of 0.5 mg kg(-1) at a rate that represented a final average concentration in the mixture of soil and sludge of less than 50 microg Cd kg(-1). (B) The amendment consisted of the addition of a mineral fertiliser with the same amount of NPK as in the sewage sludge application. The final levels of Cd were supposed to be negligible. A plot series without amendments was also performed (C). DTPA plus triethanolamine, and ammonium acetate extractable fractions in soils were analysed for all the plots. The time-dependent Cd accumulation in different parts of the tomato plants was studied by means of a Cd salt treatment. For each block (A-C) four levels of Cd (0, 3, 30, and 100 mg kg(-1)) were added as CdCl2. There was a significant increase in plant Cd after the initial cropping. Tomato stems, leaves and fruits were analysed separately for Cd determination. Differential Cd distribution and accumulation in tomato parts was detected.
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PMID:Assessing changes in Cd phytoavailability to tomato in amended calcareous soils. 1214 45