Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reinforcing effects of intraperitoneally (IP) administered substance P (SP1-11), its amino-terminal fragment SP1-7 (SPN) and an analog of the carboxy terminus (pGlu6-SP6-11: SPC) were studied in rats. Two conditioned place preference paradigms were used. After three pairings of the drug with a certain environment the effect of the treatment was evaluated in the drug-free state during a test trial. The reinforcing effects of SP (37 nmol) and the equimolar dose of SPC were expressed by a significant increase in the amount of time the animals spent in the treatment environment. Other doses of SP (3.7 and 185 nmol) and SPC (7.4 and 185 nmol) and none of the doses of SPN (37, 185, 370 nmol) influenced the place preference behavior of the rats. The reinforcing effects of SP parallel the known facilitating effects of peripherally administered SP on memory. The amino acids that encode the reinforcing effects of SP may lie within the C-terminal sequence of the SP molecule.
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PMID:Reinforcing effects of peripherally administered substance P and its C-terminal sequence pGlu6-SP6-11 in the rat. 169 Apr 33

Experiments were performed to investigate the effects of intraperitoneally administered undecapeptide substance P (SP), its N-terminal fragment SP(1-7) (SPN) and the C-terminal analog [pGlu6]-SP(6-11) (SPC) on inhibitory avoidance learning, using a one-trial up-hill avoidance task. In Experiment 1 rats were injected with either SP (50 micrograms/kg), SPN (3.3, 33, 167, 333 micrograms/kg) or SPC (2.7, 27, 134, 268 micrograms/kg) immediately after the training trial. Controls received the diluent vehicles. When tested 24 hr later, rats injected with 50 micrograms/kg SP (37 nmol/kg) and 167 micrograms/kg SPN (185 nmol/kg) exhibited longer step-up latencies than vehicle-treated controls. None of the other doses of SPN nor of the C-terminal fragment influenced performance. In Experiment 2, 167 micrograms/kg SPN or vehicle was injected posttrial either immediately or 5 hr after the training trial. Retention latencies 24 hr later were longer for rats treated with 167 micrograms/kg SPN immediately after the training trial. Performance of the SPN 5-hr delay group did not differ from that of the vehicle-injected controls, ruling out proactive effects of SPN on recall.
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PMID:Substance P enhancement of inhibitory avoidance learning: mediation by the N-terminal sequence. 169 91

The effect of prior treatment with the opioid receptor (opioceptor) antagonist naloxone on conditioned place preference produced by the neurotachykinin substance P (SP) and its C-terminal hexapeptide analog [pGlu6]-SP(6-11) (SPC) was investigated in rats. Place conditioning was assessed using a circular open field partitioned into four quadrants that were equally preferred by the rats prior to drug treatment. On three successive days, rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone-HCl (1 mg/kg) or vehicle 15 min before an i.p. injection of either 37 nmol/kg SP, equimolar dosed SPC or corresponding diluent vehicle. After injection the rats were placed into their assigned treatment corral for 15 min. During the test for conditioned corral preference (CCP), when provided a choice between the four quadrants, rats injected with SP or SPC spent more time in the treatment corral compared to vehicle controls, indicative of a positive reinforcing action of these peptides. The pre-treatment with naloxone blocked the positive reinforcing effects of both SP and SPC; when injected alone, naloxone did not influence the preference behavior. Gross locomotor activity was affected by neither treatment. Thus, the positive reinforcing effects of SP and SPC may be mediated via interactions with the endogenous opioid system(s).
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PMID:Naloxone blocks conditioned place preference induced by substance P and [pGlu6]-SP(6-11). 172 47

We have used an in vitro transcription-translation system to study initial protein processing events of the rat substance P/neurokinin A gene products. cDNA clones for three different mRNA species, which are derived by differential RNA splicing, were subcloned into a plasmid, pGEM1, which contains the promoter for the bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase. In vitro synthesized mRNAs for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-preprotachykinin were translated in a wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. When analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the translated protein products migrate consistent with the deduced molecular masses of alpha (13,035 Da)-, beta (15,003 Da)-, and gamma (13,343 Da)-preprotachykinin. The addition of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes to either cell-free translation system causes the production of a protease-resistant form of each of the three preprotachykinins which migrates with an apparent increase in molecular mass of approximately 2,000 Da. Each of these modified preprotachykinins lacks the putative signal peptide of the prepro- form, with signal peptidase cleavage occurring after the alanine residue at position 19. Both the prepro- and proforms of each tachykinin precursor molecule are recognized by antiserum R-140, an antiserum specific for the mid-portion of the undecapeptide substance P. The most likely explanation for the apparent increase in molecular mass is anomalous electrophoretic migration, since beta-preprotachykinin mRNA lacking the signal peptide encoding sequence is translated, in the absence of microsomal membranes, into a protein with the same apparent molecular mass as the modified form of beta-preprotachykinin. Therefore, each of the three preprotachykinin mRNAs are translatable, and their products are targeted to the secretory pathway by the presence of a cleavable signal peptide.
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PMID:Posttranslational processing of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-preprotachykinins. Cell-free translation and early posttranslational processing events. 304 2

We investigated the long-lasting effect of peripheral injection of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and of some N- or C-terminal SP fragments (SPN and SPC, respectively) on retention test performance of avoidance learning. Male Wistar rats (220 to 280 g) were trained in an inhibitory step-down avoidance task and tested 24 h or 21 days later. Immediately after the training trial rats received an intraperitoneal injection of SP (50 micrograms/kg), SPN 1-7 (167 micrograms/kg) or SPC 7-11 (134 micrograms/kg). Control groups were injected with vehicle or SP 5 h after the training trial. The immediate post-training administration of SP and SPN, but not SPC, facilitated avoidance behavior in rats tested 24 h or 21 days later, i.e., the retention test latencies of the SP and SPN groups were significantly longer (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) during both training-test intervals. These observations suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of SP is long-lasting and that the amino acid sequence responsible for this effect is encoded by its N-terminal part.
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PMID:Long-lasting mnemotropic effect of substance P and its N-terminal fragment (SP1-7) on avoidance learning. 923 9

This study examined the effects of posttraining administration of substance P (SP) and of certain N- or C-terminal SP-fragments on retention performance of rats treated with diazepam (DZP). Twenty minutes before the training on an inhibitory avoidance task rats were given intraperitoneal injections of either DZP (2 mg/kg) or vehicle. Immediately after they were injected with SP (50 micrograms/kg), SPN 1-7 (167 micrograms/kg), SPC 6-11 (134 micrograms/kg), or vehicle. The posttrial administration of SP and SPN, but not SPC, facilitated avoidance behavior. Animals that received DZP before training and vehicle after the conditioning trial showed impaired retention. In contrast, in animals injected with SP and SPN after the training trial, DZP did not affect retention. These findings suggest that the amnestic effects of DZP can be blocked by the administration of SP and that the amino acid sequence responsible for this effect may be encoded by its N-terminal part.
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PMID:Posttraining administration of substance P and its N-terminal fragment block the amnestic effects of diazepam. 952 15