Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of several peptides in cutaneous, muscular and visceral primary sensory neurons was investigated in the adult rat. The fluorescent dye Fast blue was applied to the proximal ends of transected saphenous (cutaneous), gastrocnemius (muscular) and greater splanchnic (visceral) nerves. Sections from corresponding dorsal root ganglia were incubated for simultaneous indirect immunocytochemical demonstration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, substance P (SP)- or somatostatin (SOM)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and Fast blue. In addition, the presence of fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP)-enzyme activity (-EA) in retrogradely Fast blue-labeled saphenous and gastrocnemius nerves was investigated by subsequent enzyme cytochemical analysis. The results revealed the presence of CGRP-LI, SP-LI, SOM-LI and FRAP-EA in cell bodies of primary sensory neurons which project to the saphenous and gastrocnemius nerves. CGRP-LI and SP-LI, but not SOM-LI, were found in splanchnic sensory neurons. The vast majority of the visceral sensory neurons were found to contain CGRP-LI.
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PMID:Substance P-, somatostatin- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity and fluoride resistant acid phosphatase-activity in relation to retrogradely labeled cutaneous, muscular and visceral primary sensory neurons in the rat. 243 5

Afferent perikarya in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at the T13 and L1 segmental levels projecting to the rat ovary were identified by utilizing the fluorescent retrograde tracer true blue (TB). Subsequently, TB-labeled ovarian afferent perikarya in DRG were examined for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and somatostatin (SOM) immunoreactivity and for the presence of fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) enzyme activity. Of the ovarian afferent perikarya at the T13 and L1 segmental levels, 20.5% displayed VIP immunoreactivity, 23.8% displayed SP immunoreactivity, and 43.1% were immunoreactive for CCK-8. No ovarian afferent perikarya contained SOM or NYP immunoreactivity or FRAP activity. It is suggested that different neuropeptides may participate in modulation of specific ovarian functions.
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PMID:Neuropeptides in sensory perikarya projecting to the rat ovary. 244 98

Central terminals of the primary sensory neurons depend on the integrity of the retrograde transport mechanism within the peripheral axon. Whenever retrograde transport is impaired (either by injury or by blockade induced by perineural application of microtubule inhibitors) central terminals undergo transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA), characterized by depletion of substance P, somatostatin, FRAP (fluoride resistant acid phosphatase), TMPase (thiamine monophosphatase) and lectin-binding fucose-terminated glyco-conjugates. The TDA is essentially a failure of the central terminals to bind the above genuine marker substances. TDA-inflicted central terminals undergo a slowly proceeding ultrastructural deterioration, accompanied by derangement of the dorsal root potential, reflecting decreased functional activity of synaptic transmission between first and second-order cells. One of the important trophic substances carried by retrograde axoplasmic transport to dorsal root ganglion cells is nerve growth factor (NGF); blockade of NGF transport results in TDA; conversely, locally applied NGF delays or prevents TDA.
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PMID:Transganglionic regulation of the primary sensory neuron. 244 67

Rat trigeminal neurons innervating tooth pulps were retrogradely labelled with fluorogold and analysed enzyme- and immunohistochemically for their content of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, GM 1 ganglioside, carbonic anhydrase and neurofilament protein. The data showed that both small, medium-sized and large trigeminal neurons were labelled after fluorogold deposition in maxillary molar pulps, with a majority of the cells being medium-sized and large. Less than 2% of the pulpal neurons showed substance P-like immunoreactivity. Fifty-six per cent of the pulpal nerve cells were calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive. These cells were small, medium-sized and large. Only 1% of the fluorogold-labelled cells contained fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase enzyme activity. This paralleled the finding that the pulpal neurons were unstained by Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin I-B4, a plant lectin which preferentially binds to fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells. Choleragenoid-like immunoreactivity, which identifies cells with the GM 1 ganglioside receptor, was found in 70% of the fluorogold-labelled pulpal neurons. Approximately 80% of the fluorogold-labelled cells showed RT 97-immunoreactivity. RT 97 labels neurofilament protein and is present in large light primary sensory neurons. No pulpal neurons appeared to contain carbonic anhydrase, as judged from both enzyme- and immunocytochemical observations. The findings suggest that, in the rat, trigeminal tooth pulp neurons, which according to the classical view are nociceptive, form a heterogeneous group of neurons with a minority of small cells which may contain calcitonin gene-related peptide but rarely either substance P or fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase. However, the vast majority of pulpal nerve cells appear to have sizes and cytochemical characteristics which are not generally associated with nociceptive primary sensory neurons.
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PMID:Combined retrograde tracing and enzyme/immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion cell bodies innervating tooth pulps in the rat. 248 Dec 44

Distribution of the marker enzymes fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) and thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase) as well as that of the marker neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been mapped by means of the semi-automatic computer program MUDH, in various experimental conditions, including degeneration, regeneration, and anti-Nerve Growth Hormone treatment of the sciatic nerve. The program is written in standard Pascal language; it is applicable to Commodore 64 and IBM compatible personal computers. Graphical illustration of values obtained in serial sections is a powerful and highly valuable contribution in the analysis of various biodynamic reactions related to transganglionic regulation of primary sensory neurons.
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PMID:Mapping the distribution of thiamine monophosphatase, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, and substance P in the spinal cord with a personal computer compatible program. 248 94

Localization of GM1 ganglioside, the receptor for cholera toxin, and choleragenoid, which is the binding subunit of cholera toxin, was studied in the rat L5 dorsal root ganglion. Sections were incubated with choleragenoid and treated immunocytochemically. Choleragenoid-like immunoreactive cells were then examined for possible co-localization with carbonic anhydrase-like, RT 97 (antibody to neurofilament proteins), substance P-like, somatostatin-like and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity and fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) activity, using adjacent sections. A subpopulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons exhibited choleragenoid-like immunoreactivity. The majority of these were medium-sized and large neurons. The strongest immunoreactivity was found in the area of the plasma membrane, but strong reactivity was also seen in the cytoplasm. The majority of the choleragenoid-like immunoreactive cells showed carbonic anhydrase-like and RT 97 immunoreactivity. Cells showing co-localization of choleragenoid-like and neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity or activity for FRAP were rarely observed. Our results suggest that the GM1 receptor is localized primarily on carbonic anhydrase-containing and RT 97-immunoreactive primary sensory neurons.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical evidence for the localization of the GM1 ganglioside in carbonic anhydrase-containing and RT 97-immunoreactive rat primary sensory neurons. 249 5

1. The primary sensory neurones have been classified into large light (LLC), type A, small dark (SDC), type B and type C cells on the basis of size, ultrastuctural and immunocytochemical characteristics. 2. Subclassifications have been described according to the configuration and spatial organization of cytoplasmic organelles. 3. Furthermore, the LLC are immunoreactive with a monoclonal antibody, RT97, directed against a neurofilament protein and the SDC are positive with anti-arginine vasopressin (AVP). 4. The majority of the neurochemical substances including substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), fluoride resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glutamate were localized to the small and intermediate diameter neurones measuring 9-40 microns. 5. The cytochemistry of the dorsal horn was similar to the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). 6. There is good evidence that substance P (SP) and somatostatin (SOM) are transmitters for a proportion of nociceptive neurones but the neurotransmitters utilized by the rest of the subtypes are unknown. 7. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glutamate may be putative transmitters of the primary sensory neurones as they are localized in 28-30% of the SDC. 8. The wider distribution and extensive coexistence of the neuropeptides is incompatible with neurotransmitter function, but some may be neuromodulators whereas others such as arginine vasopressin (AVP) are useful markers for identifying type B neurones.
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PMID:Cytochemistry of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of the rat. 256 21

Subpopulations of dorsal root ganglion neurons can be distinguished on the basis of their peripheral receptive properties, spinal terminal arbors and neuropeptide content. We have used monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to define antigenic determinants on functional populations of DRG neurons projecting to the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Three MAbs recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes associated with lacto- and globo-series glycolipids that constitute the stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs) 1, 3 and 4. SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 are present in the cytoplasm of about 10% of DRG neurons in adult rat. These neurons are distinct from those that contain substance P, somatostatin or the fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase enzyme, FRAP. SSEA-1 is present in a small percentage of DRG neurons. SSEAs are present on the surface of DRG neurons maintained in dissociated cell culture: 6% are SSEA-1+, 7% are SSEA-3+ and 10-15% are SSEA-4+. MAbs LD2, KH10, TC6 and TD10 identify epitopes expressed coincidently in 25% of small DRG neurons that project to lamina II of the dorsal horn. All somatostatin- but less than 1% of substance P-immunoreactive DRG neurons express these antigens. MAb LA4 labels a distinct population of small DRG neurons that also projects to lamina II. There is extensive overlap between LA4+ neurons and those that contain FRAP. Antigens recognized by these MAbs are expressed on the surface of 10-20% of DRG neurons in culture. Preliminary biochemical studies suggest that these antigens may be glycolipids. Molecules bearing carbohydrate differentiation antigens may be involved in the development and specification of sensory connections in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Structure and expression of differentiation antigens on functional subclasses of primary sensory neurons. 258 Mar 22

The sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally in rats and nerve growth factor (NGF) applied locally to the nerve stump for the following 10-14 days using an indwelling osmotic pump. The aim of the experiment was to test whether NGF had any effect on the previously reported neurophysiological and neurochemical events that occur central to a peripheral nerve lesion. The method of application allowed the sciatic nerve on the other side to be used as a control. Primary afferent depolarization fell, as expected, to 13% of its control value after chronic nerve section but if NGF was administered it fell to only 43.5% of control. Chronic nerve section is also known to result in expansion of the receptive fields of deafferented dorsal horn cells. NGF treatment reduced the number of such large receptive fields by 50%. The normal depletion of fluoride resistant acid phosphatase from the cut nerve terminals in the dorsal horn did not occur following NGF treatment. Radioimmunoassay of substance P revealed that the 30% reduction in dorsal horn levels that follows chronic sciatic nerve section did not occur when NGF was applied and that the accompanying 60% decrease in dorsal root ganglion levels was changed to a 64% increase by NGF. The results show that chronic NGF treatment of a cut sciatic nerve does partially reverse the central changes that normally follow deafferentation.
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PMID:Nerve growth factor counteracts the neurophysiological and neurochemical effects of chronic sciatic nerve section. 258 48

Although the bowel is known to contain intrinsic primary afferent neurons with mucosal projections these cells have not been identified. The current study was undertaken to determine whether carbohydrate differentiation antigens or enzymatic markers common to primary sensory neurons could be found in enteric neurons. Subpopulations of sensory neurons of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) can be identified by the immunocytochemical detection of lactoseries and globoseries carbohydrate differentiation antigens with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and by the histochemical demonstration of carbonic anhydrase (CA)- or fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) activities; therefore, these markers, and their coincident expression with neuropeptides, were studied in neurons of the rat small intestine. Subsets of enteric neurons were demonstrated by a MAb (1B2/1B7) recognizing greater than 45%, and by a MAb (alpha-SSEA-1) recognizing less than 0.1%, of DRG neurons, as well as by CA, but not FRAP activity. 1B2/1B7+ neurons were found in both the submucosal (approximately 46% of neurons) and myenteric plexuses (approximately 2% of neurons). Submucosal 1B2/1B7+ neurons with mucosal projections also displayed vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) but not substance P (SP) or calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities. SSEA-1+ neurons were only found in the myenteric plexus, did not project to the mucosa (and thus are unlikely to be primary afferents), and were SOM+ or ENK+ but VIP- and NPY-. CA activity was intense in approximately 39% of the neurons of the submucosal plexus and in mucosal nerve fibers. Some (approximately 20%) of the submucosal CA neurons were also CGRP+, but VIP- and NPY-; therefore, MAb 1B2/1B7 and CA activity mark different nonoverlapping sets of submucosal neurons. Following the neonatal administration of capsaicin (50 mg/kg), 1B2/1B7 immunoreactivity was lost from all submucosal neurons; however, VIP immunoreactivity was not depleted from the cell bodies. Although it cannot yet be concluded that the MAb 1B2/1B7 or CA markers demonstrate the intrinsic sensory neurons of the gut, the presence in the bowel of both is consistent with the supposition that sensory neurons related to those of DRG are also found in the intestine. The functional and possible developmental significance of this relationship remains to be defined.
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PMID:Markers shared between dorsal root and enteric ganglia. 314 49


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