Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Direct projections from serotonin-, substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) in the rat were investigated by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing method combined with the immunocytochemical technique. Serotonin-, substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive PAG neurons sending their axons to the VMH were distributed in the ventrolateral subnucleus and ventral portion of the medial subnucleus of PAG at the middle and caudal levels.
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PMID:Serotonin-, substance P- and tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons projecting from the periaqueductal gray to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus in the rat. 172 16

The distribution of mast cells in the rat larynx was studied at a light microscopic level in relation to nerve fibers showing substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and ultrastructurally in relation to unmyelinated nerve fibers. Connective tissue mast cells (CTMC), demonstrated by staining for avidin-peroxidase and immunohistochemical staining for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), were localized in the lamina propria. Alcian blue and toluidine blue revealed mast cells in the epithelium and the lamina propria. The mast cells showed similar regional differences in their distribution as fibers showing SP- and CGRP-LI. A large or moderate number of cells was found on the laryngeal side of the epiglottis, in the ventral recess and in the aryepiglottic folds. No mast cells were found in the vocal cords. In addition, a large number of cells showing 5-HT-LI were observed in the subglottic epithelium but not in the supraglottic and the glottic epithelia. Ultrastructurally and by use of SP- and CGRP-immunohistochemistry, nerve fibers were sometimes observed close to the mast cells. These findings may be of importance in the understanding of laryngeal pathophysiological events.
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PMID:Occurrence of mast cells in relation to the distribution of nerve fibers in the rat larynx. 175 86

Using the peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunocytochemical technique, neuron-specific enolase (NSE)-like immunoreactivity (NSE-LI) was revealed in Leydig cells of adult human testes at the light microscopic level. Differences in the NSE staining intensity were observed between the individual Leydig cells, separate cell groups within a testis and between the testes of individual patients. Together with the already established substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), the results obtained provided further evidence for the possible neuroectodermal origin of human Leydig cells and their presumable relation to the APUD- or the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System (DNES).
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in human Leydig cells. 177 41

Impingement of plical synovial tissue in a facet joint could cause pain. Plical tissue was removed during surgery for recurrent disc herniation or spinal stenosis. The presence of nerves was studied with silver impregnation, immunofluorescence, and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) immunostaining. Heterologous antisera to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and galanin were used to stain nerves. After silver impregnation, nerve-like structures were observed perivascularly. Such nerves located close to blood vessels were also immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, a more general cytoplasmic neural marker, whereas only few perivascular small varicosities were seen with antisera to substance P and galanin and none with antiserum to CGRP. In addition, PGP-9.5-, substance-P-, and galanin-immunoreactive nerves were occasionally seen very near to fat globules. Very few peptide-immunoreactive nerve varicosities were seen with immunofluorescence, and none of the PGP-9.5-immunoreactive nerves that were observed with ABC immunostaining were immunoreactive for neuropeptides as well. One mechanism for pain production could be mechanical compression of fatty tissue, but it is considered more likely that nerves in this particular tissue are mainly involved in local vasoregulation and that they are not sensory nociceptive nerves.
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PMID:Silver impregnation and immunohistochemical study of nerves in lumbar facet joint plical tissue. 182 93

Morphological characteristics of the neurons of the auditory cortical areas of the rhesus monkey were investigated using Golgi and horseradish peroxidase methods. Neurons of the auditory cortices can be segregated into two categories, spinous and nonspinous, which can be further subclassified according to their dendritic arrays. The spinous neurons include pyramidal, "star pyramid," multipolar, and bipolar cells. As in other cortices, pyramidal cells are found in layers II-VI and appear to be the most numerous of all cortical neurons. The "star pyramids" have radially oriented dendrites with a less prominent apical shaft and are found mainly in the middle cortical layers. The spinous multipolar neurons are also found in the middle cortical layers and have their dendrites radially arrayed but have no apical dendrite. The spinous bipolar cells, found in the infragranular layers, occur most frequently in the lateral auditory association cortex. The nonspinous neurons include neurogliaform, multipolar, bitufted, and bipolar cells and are found in all cortical layers. The neurogliaform cells are the smallest of all neurons and have radially arrayed, recurving dendrites. The nonspinous multipolar cells also have radially arrayed dendrites but vary in size from being confined to one cortical layer to extending across four laminae. The bitufted neurons are subclassified into three groups: neurons whose primary dendrites arise radially from their somata, those whose dendrites arise from two poles of their somata, and those that have a single primary dendrite arising from one pole and multiple dendrites from another pole of their somata. The nonspinous bipolar cells also have several variants but usually have dendrites arising from two poles of the somata. The chemical characteristics of the auditory neurons were investigated using histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Peptidergic neurons, i.e., cholecystokinin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, somatostatin-, and substance P-reactive neurons are found in the various subregions of the auditory cortices and are distributed differentially in the cortical laminae. These neurons are of the nonpyramidal type. Gamma aminobutyric acid-reactive neurons are also nonpyramidal cells and they are found in all cortical layers. Their numbers varied among the cortical laminae in the different auditory regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Golgi, histochemical, and immunocytochemical analyses of the neurons of auditory-related cortices of the rhesus monkey. 191 28

The peripheral reorganization of pulpal nerves after tooth injury was studied, in the rat, with anterograde horseradish peroxidase tracing techniques, and combined retrograde Fluorogold tracing and immunohistochemistry was employed to examine the effects of inferior alveolar nerve lesions or tooth injury on some cytochemical characteristics of pulpal trigeminal ganglion nerve cells, namely content of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and the ganglioside GM1 (binding subunit of cholera toxin), as well as affinity to RT 97 (antibody to neurofilament protein) and the lectin Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin I-B4. Anterograde horseradish peroxidase tracing demonstrated that pulpal nerves either disappear or reinnervate novel targets after loss of pulpal tissue. There were no obvious signs of neuroma formation. Retrograde Fluorogold labelling with immunohistochemistry showed that after inferior alveolar nerve lesions with subsequent regeneration, a much higher proportion of Fluorogold cells (15%) were substance P-positive compared to normal (2%). In addition, 3% of the cells were Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin I-B4-positive. Such cells were very rare in controls. Proportions of calcitonin gene-related peptide-, GM1- and RT-97-positive cells were normal. After tooth lesions, the proportions of Fluorogold-positive substance P-, Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin I-B4-, GM1- and RT 97-labelled cells were similar to controls, while the proportion of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive neurons was reduced. The results show that pulpal deafferentation may change the long-term cytochemical characteristics of affected trigeminal ganglion neurons.
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PMID:Anterograde horseradish peroxidase tracing and immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion tooth pulp neurons after dental nerve lesions in the rat. 192 70

The opioid peptide dynorphin A (1-17) is the third transmitter identified in the striatonigral projection, the other two being gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and substance P. The ultrastructural features of the dynorphinergic terminals in substantia nigra/pars reticulata were studied using pre-embedding immunocytochemistry with the classical peroxidase-antiperoxidase-diaminobenzidine-method; these features were compared with GABAergic boutons visualized with an immunogold method. Two distinct types of dynorphin-A-immunoreactive boutons could be identified: (1) type A (81%) possessing characteristics similar to the GABAergic nerve endings in this region, i.e., large pleomorphic vesicles and symmetric synaptic contacts; (2) type B (19%) displaying asymmetric synaptic zones and small, mostly round vesicles. These results are in agreement with physiological studies suggesting a dual action of dynorphin A in substantia nigra.
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PMID:Two different types of dynorphin-A-immunoreactive terminals in rat substantia nigra. 197 80

Snap-frozen samples from 22 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) primary in the central nervous system were studied with antibodies to synaptophysin, bombesin, somatostatin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, all classes of intermediate filaments, and desmoplakins I and II. Frozen sections were immunostained by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy methods. Selected cases were also studied by double and triple label immunofluorescence microscopy, and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis. We found that all 22 PNETs expressed synaptophysin extensively. Focal expression of 2 or more neuropeptides was noted in 10 samples studied. All PNETs expressed vimentin, 21 of 22 expressed glial filament protein (GFP), 16 of 22 expressed neurofilament proteins (NFP), 4 of 22 expressed desmin, and 3 of 22 expressed cytokeratins. In only one case were focal and questionable reactions with desmoplakin antibodies seen. Immunoblots confirmed the presence of desmin. Double and triple immunofluorescence revealed a number of antigenic coexpressions in individual cells including: synaptophysin with vimentin, GFP, NFP and desmin, vimentin-GFP, vimentin-NFP, vimentin-cytokeratin, vimentin-desmin and desmin-NFP; similarly, combinations of vimentin-GFP-NFP, vimentin-GFP-desmin, and vimentin-GFP-cytokeratin were found. The consistent expression of synaptophysin and 2 or more neuropeptides indicates that central nervous system PNETs have significant phenotypic features in common with neuroendocrine tumors. Their complex and variable intermediate filament complement patterns combined with their consistent expression of specific neuroendocrine differentiation markers, suggest that central nervous system PNETs comprise a distinct, albeit heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
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PMID:Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the central nervous system. Patterns of expression of neuroendocrine markers, and all classes of intermediate filament proteins. 215 86

We have examined the location of basal forebrain cells projecting to the region of the nuclei gemini in the caudolateral hypothalamus of the rat using retrograde transport of wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. Since many tracer-positive neurons were identified in ventral pallidal areas known to project to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, we also prepared several animals with wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase injections in mediodorsal thalamus. Many of the sections from both groups of animals were subsequently prepared for the demonstration of ventral pallidal regions, using either substance P or glutamate decarboxylase as a pallidal marker. Some animals received injections of different retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers in the mediodorsal thalamus and the nuclei gemini for the purpose of studying potential axon collateralization. The large gemini-projecting cells are diffusely scattered within the medial forebrain bundle area, from the caudal margin of the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band to the rostral tip of the olfactory tubercle, and with a concentration of cells in the lateral part of the medial forebrain bundle region. Gemini-projecting cells were not found in the olfactory tubercle proper, including the islands of Calleja complexes, or in the ventral pallidal areas located dorsal to the medial forebrain bundle area underneath the lateral extension of the anterior commissure. Gemini-projecting cells within ventral pallidal areas were observed only in regions where the longitudinal fascicles of the medial forebrain bundle interdigitate with the rostroventral extension of the ventral pallidum. Anterogradely-labeled fiber plexuses in the region of the nuclei gemini were observed following injection of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin or Fluoro-Ruby into the forebrain regions containing retrogradely-labeled neurons following nuclei gemini injections of wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. We found no evidence of cells with axonal projections to both mediodorsal thalamus and nuclei gemini. The gemini-projecting cells are generally large, triangular and plump, and the electron microscopic picture of gemini-projecting neurons is the same regardless of whether the cells are located in pallidal or non-pallidal areas.
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PMID:The basal forebrain projection to the region of the nuclei gemini in the rat; a combined light and electron microscopic study employing horseradish peroxidase, fluorescent tracers and Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin. 235 48

The distributions of gut hormones in the colon of Hirschsprung's disease were investigated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. Three colonic segments (ganglionic, oligoganglionic, and aganglionic) were stained by the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. The immunoreactivity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was found to be reduced in the oligoganglionic and aganglionic segments. Antisera to substance P and met-enkephalin demonstrated immunoreactive cells and fibers in the ganglionic segment, whereas these cells and fibers were almost completely absent in the oligoganglionic and aganglionic segments. A similar distribution was seen for the mucosal endocrine cells with somatostatin immunoreactivity. Antisera to neurotensin, motilin, bombesin, and cholecystokinin revealed no immunoreactivity in the normal colon or the three segments. The differences in these peptides between normal and impaired colonal segments may be one of the causes of colon constriction in Hirschsprung's disease.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical investigations of gut hormones in the colon of patients with Hirschsprung's disease. 240 61


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