Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A general model of the autonomic neuroeffector junction is proposed. In this model, emphasis is placed on the muscle effector bundle with electrotonic coupling between individual cells via gap junctions (or nexuses) and en passage release of transmitter from autonomic nerve varicosities. This release results in transmission to effector cells across junctional clefts ranging from about 20 nm in the vas deferens and iris to as much as 2000 nm in some large arteries. The ultrastructural identification of different autonomic nerve types is described. Current theories on the synthesis, storage, release, and inactivation of transmitter during cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic transmission are summarized. Some speculations are made about the possible involvement of purinergic nerves in the innervation of vessels and mast cells in the skin, and whether this involvement results in a functional link between ATP, histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandin in cutaneous vasodilatation. Another possibility considered as the basis for this reflex is the release of substance P from sensory (pain) nerve collaterals in the skin.
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PMID:Autonomic neuroeffector junctions--reflex vasodilatation of the skin. 1 40

The occurrence of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was studied in dental pulps of the cat. In untreated animals SP-positive fibres were found in all areas of the pulp. Most fibres were seen in central parts of the pulp but they were also observed in relation to the odontoblasts. Single, possibly unmyelinated, or fine caliber fibres or small bundles of them were seen running close to large non-fluorescent myelinated nerves, to blood vessels or without any obvious association with either of these structures. Fourteen days after transection of the inferior alveolar nerve no SP-positive fibres were observed in pulps on the denervated side. Transection of the cervical sympathetic ganglion did not change the occurrence of SP-positive fibres. The results indicate the existence of at least two types of afferent fibres in the dental pulp of the cat. Since the tooth pulp has been demonstrated to give rise only to pain sensation when stimulated, the results give morphological support for a role of SP neurones in pain transmission.
Pain 1977 Dec
PMID:Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in nerves in the tooth pulp. 2 11

The headache phase of migraine may develop as the result of an abnormal interaction (and perhaps an abnormal release) of vasoactive neurotransmitters from terminals of the trigeminal nerve with large intracranial and extracranial blood-vessels. These blood-vessels, which dilate during the headache phase of migraine, are thought to receive axonal projections from all three divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Substance P, a potent vasodilating peptide, seems to be released from trigeminal nerve endings in response to nervous stimulation and is involved in the transmission of painful stimuli within the periphery. The vasoactive molecule serotonin, implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine, coexists with substance P in some terminals of the central nervous system and is present within the trigeminal ganglia. Within this nerve serotonin may modulate the function of primary sensory neurons. The abnormal release of substance P or as yet unidentified peptides or other transmitters from the fifth cranial nerve may explain both the hemicranial pain and the vasodilation which are characteristic of the headache of migraine.
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PMID:Neurotransmitters and the fifth cranial nerve: is there a relation to the headache phase of migraine? 9 Sep 71

A single intrathecal injection of capsaicin depletes substance P from primary sensory neurons and causes a prolonged increase in the thermal and chemical pain thresholds of the rat but no apparent change in responses to noxious mechanical stimuli.
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PMID:Intrathecal capsaicin depletes substance P in the rat spinal cord and produces prolonged thermal analgesia. 22 92

The distribution of Met-enkephalin- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons was studied by indirect immunofluorescence in some areas related to pain and analgesia. Met-enkephalin- and substance P-positive cell bodies and nerve terminals were observed in the periaqueductal central gray, the nucleus raphe magnus, the marginal layers and substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Lesion experiments suggest that Met-enkephalin neurons in the dorsal horn and possibly in the spinal trigeminal nucleus are interneurons or propriospinal neurons with nerve terminals in the laminae I and II of the cord and in the superficial layers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, respectively. These areas are also very rich in substance P-positive nerve terminals, mainly representing central branches of primary afferent neurons. The present immunohistochemical-anatomical findings support the hypothesis that stimulation-produced analgesia is related to activation of spinal and spinal trigeminal enkephalin interneurons forming axo-axonic synapses with (substance P?) pain afferents in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These interneurons may be activated by sensory fibers and by descending fibers from medullary stimulation sites. Transmitter substances in these descending fibers may be 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: enkephalin and substance P. 33 26

The authors reviewed the relevant literature to find out whether vexed questions of stomatological research or dental practice (such as conduction in the dentine, prevention of pain produced by cavity preparation, conservative treatment of pulpitis) could be settled by means of the substance P. It seems that this is not the case at present.
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PMID:[Review of the literature on the use of substance P in dental practice]. 35 96

The tract of Lissauer receives small caliber dorsal root fibers in addition to axons arising from dorsal horn neurons. The termination of Lissauer's tract and dorsal root fibers was examined in the C7 segment of the rhesus monkey spinal cord. The distribution of normal dorsal root afferents was mapped by labelling the C7 dorsal root ganglion with tritiated amino acids, and then compared with the degeneration of C7 dorsal root fibers following an intradural dorsal rhizotomy. To focus on the distribution of the small afferents, the degeneration following a Lissauer tractotomy was compared with the degeneration following dorsal rhizotomy and following selected lesions involving the large afferents. The survival times following the lesions and rhizotomies were varied to facilitate identification of groups of fibers and terminals which might degenerate at different rates. Both large and small diameter dorsal root afferents were found to exhibit the same rostro-caudal topography within the dorsal horn. The C7 root axons and terminals distribute throughout the mid-C7 dorsal horn grey. Proceeding rostrally through C6, the majority of the C7 root fibers ending in laminae I-IV shift to a lateral position. Proceeding caudally through C8, the C7 root fibers shift medially. Few of the small diameter C7 afferents entering via Lissauer's tract extend above C6 or below C8. Large diameter C7 afferents, arising as dorsal column collaterals, can extend several segments above and below C7. Autoradiography revealed label in all dorsal horn laminae, the heaviest always occurring in the substantia gelatinosa. After one day, label was absent over dorsal column and Lissauer's tract axons, suggesting that the label was mainly associated with fine axonal branches or possibly terminals. After six to ten days many axons were labelled and could be traced into the dorsal and ventral horn. Degeneration from the rhizotomies and lesions, as demonstrated with Fink-Heimer and Nauta methods, depended on the survival time. No degeneration products were present before three days. The large afferents begin to degenerate within the dorsal horn after three to four days and mainly terminate in laminae IV-VI; by 12 days they can also be traced into the intermediate and ventral grey. The small afferents, which include those serving pain and temperature sensibility, arise from the tract of Lissauer and distribute to laminae I, II and III. The tract of Lissauer consists of two populations, each containing small afferents. One population degenerates at three to five days and distributes mainly to laminae II and III (substantia gelatinosa); the other degenerates around 12 days and distributes mainly to lamina I and the outer zone of II. It is suggested that the exclusive termination of the small afferents to laminae I, II and III may be correlated with certain unique histochemical properties (e.g., high substance P and high opiate receptor binding levels) of these same dorsal horn areas...
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PMID:Distribution of the tract of Lissauer and the dorsal root fibers in the primate spinal cord. 40 97

A method for determining the vocalization response to algesic agents in conscious guinea pigs is described. Retrograde injection of small amounts of algesic agents into the femoral artery caused transient but obvious vocalization response in a dose-dependent manner. The vocal sound was converted into electrical signals and the envelope of the sound obtained by a peak detector circuit was recorded on an ink-writing oscillograph. The area of the vocalization response circumscribed by a base line and the envelope tracing of the vocal sound was also recorded. Bradykinin, kallidin, acetylcholine (ACh) and nicotine caused the vocalization response, while substance P, histamine, bethanechol, methacholine, serotonin, kallikrein and prostaglandins E1 and E2 caused no or little response. No detectable tachyphylaxis to bradykinin, ACh and nicotine was observed. The pretreatment with hexamethonium abolished the response induced by ACh or nicotine but not the response induced by bradykinin. These results suggest that the paravascular pain receptor of the femoral artery excited by ACh is nicotinic in character. Subcutaneous injection of morphine, pentazocine, diclofenac and aminopyrine inhibited the vocalization response induced by bradykinin in a dose-dependent manner.
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PMID:Vocalization response to close-arterial injection of bradykinin and other algesic agents in guinea pigs and its application to quantitative assessment of analgesic agents. 43 Mar 71

An adenocarcinoma of the second portion of the duodenum in a 26-year-old male is presented. The patient was suffering from pain in the epigastrium. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that it consisted almost exclusively of cells with a distincly positive somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells had numerous large round granules (about 400 micrometers) with variable electron density. Most of these cells closely resembled the D cells normally seen in the duodenum and the islets of the pancreas, although a few argyrophil cells could be demonstrated by light microscopy. Radioimmunoassay of extracts of the tumor revealed a large amount of somatostatin (2260 pg/mg); substance P and VIP were detected also. Somatostatinoma has been known to occur in the pancreas, but this seems to be the first somatostatinoma found in the intestine.
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PMID:Somatostatinoma of the duodenum. 50 96

1. Substance P (synthetic or extracted for intestine or central nervous system) is devoid of an algesic effect on paravascular pain receptors. 2. The algesic effect of a AP-containing acetone HCl-extract from spinal cord is explained by its high content of potassium ions. 3. SP-containing preparations which include an ammonium sulphate precipitation in the extraction procedure are algesic due to content of this salt. 4. SP-containing extract from intestine were found to be contaminated with a bradykinin-like peptide of high algesic potency. 5. These findings are discussed with regard to the restricted value of earlier results about central actions of SP-containing tissue extracts and with regard to the role of SP as a possible neurotransmitter.
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PMID:Lack of algesic effect of substance P on paravascular pain receptors. 56 91


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