Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using intracellular recording, we examined the effects of three mammalian tachykinins, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), on sympathetic neurons of isolated rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglia (C-SMG). The 3 tachykinins elicited two distinct depolarizing responses in ganglion cells: fast depolarization with time-to-peak of 1-2 sec and duration of 5-10 sec, and slow depolarization with time-to-peak of about 20 sec and duration of 120-140 sec. Both fast and slow responses persisted in a solution containing low Ca2+ and high Mg2+ or tetrodotoxin, which indicates that the tachykinins directly act on ganglion cells to produce fast and slow depolarizations. The two types of tachykinin-induced responses exhibited clearly distinguishable properties. The membrane conductance was increased during the fast response, but not significantly changed, slightly decreased or sometimes increased during the slow response. Within certain range of membrane potential, the amplitude of fast response increased upon membrane hyperpolarization and decreased upon depolarization of ganglion cells. In contrast, the amplitude of slow response associated with membrane conductance decrease was increased with membrane depolarization and decreased with hyperpolarization. The fast response was markedly suppressed in a Na(+)-deficient solution, a solution containing nominally zero Ca2+ (plus 0.1 mM EGTA in some cases), and in a solution containing Cd2+ or Mn2+, whereas the slow response was not affected in these solutions and was augmented in some cells in K(+)-free solution. Thus it seems that the increase in Ca(2+)-dependent cationic conductance underlies the fast response and that the slow response is produced at least in part by suppression of certain K+ channels. The fast response progressively decreased in amplitude upon repeated application of the peptides with short intervals, whereas the slow response was rather augmented by repeated application. Lowering the temperature markedly depressed the slow response, while the fast response remained almost unaffected. It is therefore likely that the fast and slow depolarizations are mediated by two different subtypes of tachykinin receptors or a single class of receptors linked with two different intracellular mechanisms. Measurement of tachykinins in several sympathetic ganglia by combined use of HPLC and radioimmunoassay revealed that the highest amount of SP occurs in the C-SMG where the content of SP (136.0 pmol/g protein) was higher than those of NKA (44.3) and NKB (18.7). SP thus appears to function as a major tachykinin in rat C-SMG.
 ...
PMID:Fast and slow depolarizations produced by substance P and other tachykinins in sympathetic neurons of rat prevertebral ganglia. 138 52

The actions of mammalian tachykinins on neurons of rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglia (C-SMG) were examined using intracellular recording in isolated preparations. Application of substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B produced fast and slow depolarizations in the ganglion cells. The two responses were clearly distinguishable in their electrophysiological characteristics. The results suggest that different receptor mechanisms are involved in fast and slow depolarizing actions of tachykinins in rat C-SMG cells.
 ...
PMID:Tachykinins produce fast and slow depolarizations in sympathetic neurons of rat coeliac-superior mesenteric ganglia. 247 59

Using the indirect immunofluorescence method, the distribution of galanin (GAL)- and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP)-like immunoreactivities (LI) were studied in sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal gland of the guinea pig. A rather dense network of GAL-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) and in the superior mesenteric pole of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex (C-SMG). The celiac pole of the C-SMG, the stellate ganglion, and the superior cervical ganglion contained fewer, mostly scattered fibers. SIF-cells in prevertebral and paravertebral ganglia contained GAL-LI, as did the adrenal medullary cells. The GAL fibers in the IMG surrounded mainly principal ganglion cells containing somatostatin-immunoreactivity (SOM-IR), whereas fewer fibers were seen around neuropeptide Y (NPY) cells and cells in which SOM and NPY coexisted. Application of colchicine or vinblastine onto the IMG did not result in the appearance of GAL-IR in the principal ganglion cells. In denervation experiments it was revealed that most of the GAL fibers reach the IMG via the lumbar splanchnic nerves. GAL-IR appears to be colocalized with substance P (SP) in fibers of the IMG, indicating an origin of the GAL-containing fibers in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This conclusion was supported by the finding in lumbar DRGs of GAL-positive cell bodies that contained SP. The role of GAL in prevertebral ganglia is unclear. It may be suggested that GAL modulates the slow, long-lasting membrane depolarization of the principal ganglion cells caused by SP in the primary afferents related to the IMG. GMAP-LI was detected in SIF cells and adrenal medullary cells in which GMAP-LI parallels the immunoreactivity of GAL. GMAP-LI was not observed in neuronal cell bodies or nerve fibers of the ganglia.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of galanin-, and galanin message-associated peptide-like immunoreactivities in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal gland of the guinea pig. 752 69

We sought to determine whether chronic guanethidine (Gu) treatment in adult rats produces depletion of sympathetic neurons and hyperinnervation by sensory neuropeptides in the celiac/superior mesenteric (C/SMG) ganglion. Rats received Gu 40 mg/kg per day i.p or saline for 5 weeks. Upon completion of treatment, the C/SMG and the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) were examined for neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), both by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Gu produced marked depletion of NPY-containing neurons and NPY content in the C/SMG, similar to that in the SCG (-89 +/- 2 vs. -92 +/- 4%, respectively). SP and CGRP immunoreactivities were significantly higher in control C/SMG as compared with SCG; after Gu treatment, there was no significant increase in either SP or CGRP in the C/SMG, however, both increased in the SCG. In contrast, VIP levels were similar in the SCG and C/SMG in controls and increased in the C/SMG but not in the SCG after Gu treatment. Thus, in adult rats, the C/SMG is as susceptible as the SCG to Gu treatment; the different pattern of hyperinnervation by SP, CGRP and VIP of the C/SMG as compared with the SCG may reflect the different sources for these neuropeptides in prevertebral as compared with paravertebral ganglia.
 ...
PMID:Different reinnervation patterns in the celiac/mesenteric and superior cervical ganglia following guanethidine sympathectomy in adult rats. 805 42