Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Light microscopic double immunocytochemical stainings, performed on sea bass hypothalamo-hypophysial sections, revealed the projection of different neuropeptide-immunoreactive neurons innervating the hormone-producing cell populations in the pituitary gland. In the rostral pars distalis (PD) the ACTH cells were found in close proximity to fibers immunoreactive for somatostatin (SRIF), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF), vasotocin (VT), isotocin (IT), substance P (SP), neurotensin, and galanin (GAL), while the PRL cell zone seemed only innervated by nerve fibers immunopositive for GAL. In the proximal PD, fibers immunoreactive for SRIF, GRF, VT, IT, cholecystokinin, SP, neuropeptide Y, and GAL formed a close relationship with the growth hormone cells. The gonadotrophs were observed near nerve fibers immunostained for gonadotropin-releasing hormone, IT, and less obviously GRF and VT, while fibers positive for GRF, CRF, VT, IT, SP, and GAL penetrated between and formed a close association with the thyrotrophs. In the pars intermedia the MSH cells and the PAS-positive (PAS+) cells seemed both innervated by separate nerve fibers immunoreactive for GRF, CRF, melanin concentrating hormone, VT, IT, and SP. All these results suggest a functional role of the neuropeptides in the adenohypophysis of the sea bass, possibly in the synthesis and/or release of hypophysial hormones from the different cell types.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of close relationships between neuropeptidergic nerve fibers and hormone-producing cell types in the adenohypophysis of the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). 246 54

The immunoreactivity of anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and anti-Leu-7 on formalin-fixed sections of human fetal salivary gland epithelium was determined by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In addition, expression of some neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SRIF), and substance P in the human salivary gland epithelium during the gestational period was observed, whereas the other polypeptides examined, including glucagon, cholecystokinin (CCK), Leu-enkephalin, and calcitonin were absent. NSE and Leu-7 immunoreactivity in the fetal salivary gland epithelium was observed solitarily or in groups commonly restricted to the developing duct epithelium. Positive immunoreactivity was observed in 46 cases with NSE (73%) and 44 cases with Leu-7 (70%) in 63 fetal salivary glands examined. In contrast, the incidence of positive cases stained with neuropeptides was lower than those of NSE and Leu-7 immunoreactivity in the human fetal salivary gland epithelium. These findings indicate that certain neuropolypeptides, as well as VIP, SRIF, and substance P present in the human fetal salivary gland epithelium may play a significant role in the development of the gland.
 ...
PMID:Expression of neuron-specific enolase, Leu-7, and neuropeptides in human fetal salivary gland epithelium. 247 26

The ultrastructural localization of peptide substances, such as vasopressin (VP), substance P (SP), enkephalin (ENK) and somatostatin (SRIF), and the distribution of peptidergic nerves in rat neurohypophysis were studied by immunoelectron microscopy. The results show that VP, SP, ENK and SRIF immunoreactive products are located in large granular vesicles (110-150 nm in diameter), at the periphery of microvesicles and on the outer membrane of mitochondria. The VP-, SP-, ENK- and SRIF- containing nerve fibers are distributed at the periphery of capillaries and in the vicinity of pituicytes. VP- and ENK-positive nerve terminals form axo-axonic synapses with negative terminals. VP- and ENK-terminals are pre- or postsynaptic elements. Axo-axonic synapses formed by two SRIF- positive terminals were also found. In addition, ENK- and SP-positive terminals with pituicytes form synaptoid structures respectively. The authors have discovered VP-positive pituicytes for the first time.
 ...
PMID:An immunoelectron microscopic study of peptide substances in the rat neurohypophysis. 247 69

In this study we examine the mechanism by which somatostatin (SRIF-14) inhibits cholecystokinin octapeptide- (CCK-8) but not substance P-mediated release of [3H]acetylcholine (ACh) from the guinea pig ileum. 2',5'-Dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, antagonized the action of CCK-8 and forskolin but had no effect on substance-P-evoked release of [3H]ACh. Addition of theophylline enhanced the release of [3H]ACh stimulated by CCK-8 but not by substance P. These observations suggest that CCK-8, but not substance P, can stimulate cholinergic transmission via an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathway. Somatostatin inhibited release of [3H]ACh evoked by CCK-8 and forskolin in a dose-related manner. CCK-8- and forskolin- but not substance P-evoked release of [3H]ACh were maximally inhibited in the presence of 10(-6) M somatostatin (49 +/- 5 and 48 +/- 7% of control, respectively). Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (inactivates inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding proteins) reversed the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on the release of [3H]ACh evoked by CCK-8. These observations suggest that CCK-8 but not substance P can stimulate [3H]ACh by a cAMP-dependent pathway. Somatostatin appears to inhibit the cAMP-dependent component of CCK-8-mediated cholinergic transmission via activation of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
 ...
PMID:Differential action of somatostatin on peptide-induced release of acetylcholine. 247 31

Concentrations of regulatory peptides in an extract of the intestine of the cyclostome, Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish), were measured by radioimmunoassay using 12 antisera of defined regional specificity that were raised against mammalian gastrointestinal peptides. The hagfish gut contained somatostatin-, cholecystokinin/gastrin-, C-terminal substance P-, and neurokinin A-like immunoreactivity in concentrations that were 10 to 100 times less than the corresponding concentrations in the rat intestine. The hagfish gut also contained glucagon-like immunoreactivity, measured with both C- and N-terminally directed antisera, but the immunoreactivity did not dilute in parallel with the porcine glucagon standard in radio-immunoassay. No immunoreactivity was detected using antisera to calcitonin gene-related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, neuromedin U, neurotensin, N-terminal substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the hagfish gut was resolved by HPLC into components with the retention times of somatostatin-34 and somatostatin-14, previously isolated from the hagfish islet organ (relative abundance 2:1). The retention times of hagfish glucagon and of the multiple molecular forms of the tachykinin-like peptides were appreciably different from the retention times of the corresponding mammalian peptides.
 ...
PMID:Neurohormonal peptides in the gut of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) detected using antisera raised against mammalian regulatory peptides. 248 Feb 67

The relationship between peptidergic dystrophic neurites and paired helical filament (PHF)-positive neurites in Alzheimer's disease (AD) senile plaques (SPs) was studied using combined fluorescence and bright-field optics. Cryostat sections of AD hippocampi were first stained with thioflavine-S and immunolabelled with antisera raised against different neuropeptides: somatostatin-28(1-12), somatostatin-14, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin (CCK) and substance P. Secondly, using the elution-restaining procedure, sections were immunolabelled with anti-tau/PHF. In immature SPs, clusters of abnormal, swollen neurites were found. The dystrophic, strongly peptidic-positive neurites contained fewer PHFs than the poorly positive ones. Cell bodies, exhibiting a peptidic content, could be found within SPs without any alteration. These results suggest the following sequence of events: an extracellular poisoning mechanism, perhaps the amyloid substance, first changes the structure of presynaptic endings and causes the formation of ballooning dystrophic neurites filled with their normal peptidic content. Subsequently, intracellular degradation occurs with formation of the PHFs. Then the other structures such as dendrites and perikarya are damaged by the same mechanism. Therefore, this phenomenon seems to precede any formation of PHFs in SPs.
 ...
PMID:Dystrophic peptidergic neurites in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease hippocampus precede formation of paired helical filaments. 249 27

The smooth muscle of the avian amnion is unusual because it is normally never innervated. However, as assessed by contractile response, this tissue expressed at least 11 different types of receptor for neurotransmitter substances including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, vasoactive intestinal peptide, urotensin II, neurotensin, and somatostatin-28. Three neurotransmitters, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and norepinephrine, each acted via 2 separate and antagonistic types of receptors. The amnion also responded to prostaglandin E2. On the other hand, the tissue did not respond to substance P or bradykinin, 2 peptides that are known to affect smooth muscle contractility in a variety of other systems. Studies with organ-cultured amnion demonstrated that the smooth muscle can be cultured early in development and will differentiate in vitro. Some, but not all, of the amniotic responses developed in a defined medium. The results indicate that this novel smooth muscle preparation will be useful for identifying epigenetic factors that control the expression of functional receptors.
 ...
PMID:Expression of functional neurotransmitter receptors in an uninnervated tissue: avian amnion. 255 62

Administration of 10 and 30 micrograms methionine-enkephalin (MET-ENK)/g bw (n = 10/dose) affected the propensity towards fighting in H. bimaculatus; 10 micrograms increased, while 30 micrograms decreased the aggressive behavior. MET-ENK also affected a number of behavior patterns displayed by the fish. Moreover, the "wet-dog-shakes" observed suggest that MET-ENK acts on opiate-receptors. Treatment with substance P (SP)/g bw (n = 10/dose) induced chafing movements in the fish slightly. It also decreased fighting and increased biting of the air stone, which is evidence that H. bimaculatus is still aggressive, directing its attacks to different objects. When 4, 8, 12 micrograms somatostatin (SRIF)/g bw (n = 10/dose) were injected, H. bimaculatus stopped fighting for several hours after the onset of treatment, depending on the dosage. Somatostatin reduces blood glucose concentration, causing a sudden stop of aggressive behavior, 0.04, 0.1, 0.6, 1.0 and 3.0 IU prolactin (PRL)/g bw (n = 5/dose) eventually decreased fighting and affected a number of behavior patterns displayed by the fish.
 ...
PMID:Effects of MET-ENK, substance P and SRIF on the behavior of Hemichromis bimaculatus. 258 Dec 33

A detailed regional distribution of nerve cells and terminals immunoreactive to polypeptides or monoamines was examined in the 5 subdivisions (rostral, mid-dorsal, mid-ventral, caudo-dorsal and caudo-ventral parts) of the nucleus preopticus medianus (POMe) of the rat. In general, immunoreactive nerve cells and terminals are more numerous in the ventral parts of the middle and caudal POMe. Nerve cells immunoreactive to neurotensin (NT), Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (mENK8) or cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK8) are distributed throughout the POMe, while those immunoreactive to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are found in the rostral and middle POMe. Nerve cells immunoreactive to substance P (SP) are seen in the middle and caudal POMe and those immunoreactive to somatostatin (SRIF) are scattered in the middle part of the nucleus. The densities of nerve terminals immunoreactive to neuropeptide tyrosine, mENK8, SP or noradrenaline are high throughout the POMe, while nerve terminals immunoreactive to CCK8, LHRH, NT, SRIF or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are moderate and those immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide, serotonin or dopamine are sparse. This varied distributional pattern of immunoreactive nerve cells and terminals suggests regional differences in function within the POMe.
 ...
PMID:An immunohistochemical observation of polypeptides and monoamines in the nucleus preopticus medianus of the rat. 275 94

Recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) significantly increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dose-dependent manner in rat astrocyte culture. The minimum effective dose of IL-1 beta was 10(-10)M. IL-1 alpha also increased PGE2, but at a higher concentration. The minimum effective dose of IL-1 alpha was 10(-8)M, indicating it to be 100-fold less effective than IL-1 beta. On the other hand neither IL-1 beta nor IL-1 alpha increased PGE2 production by neuron cultures at any concentration tested. PGE2 response to IL-1 beta was suppressed by simultaneous addition of CRH, somatostatin-14 and LHRH, while these neuropeptides alone did not alter the basal PGE2 levels. Substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and alpha-MSH altered neither basal nor IL-1 beta-induced increase in PGE2 levels. Angiotensin II (AII) alone also increased PGE2 in cultured astrocytes. Combined addition of AII and IL-1 beta induced a synergistic effect in increasing PGE2 levels. The direct action of IL-1 beta on astrocyte culture suggests that astrocytes may be the target cells for IL-1 beta in the central nervous system. In view of the essential role of central PGE2 in IL-1 beta-induced CRH/ACTH release, these findings suggest the presence of a sophisticated regulatory network in the immune-neuroendocrine interaction.
 ...
PMID:Interleukin-1 beta increases prostaglandin E2 in rat astrocyte cultures: modulatory effect of neuropeptides. 278 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>