Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Synthetic substance P has been discovered to stimulate significantly the formation of dopa in the limbic, striatum, hemisphere and diencephalon regions of the brain and the lower brain stem. There was no effect upon 5-hydroxytryptophan formation or on tryptophan or tyrosine levels. After inhibition of monoamine synthesis by N'-(DL-SERYL)-N2-(2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazine, substance P significantly accelerated the disappearance of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Substance P appears to stimulate monoaminergic neurons in the brain and to serve as an excitatory transmitter in nerve terminals impinging upon dopaminergic cell bodies. A similar stimulation of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine indicate a similar transmitter role for noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. These data strengthen questions about the possible clinical influence of substance P in disease states involving monoaminergic mechanisms including Parkinsonism and schizophrenia.
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PMID:Effect of synthetic substance P on monoaminergic mechanisms in brain. 0 76

1. Rapid change of bath temperature from 37 degrees C to 27 degrees C and vice versa caused longitudinal contraction of the isolated guinea-pig ileum. 2. Tetrodotoxin, tropicamide, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, morphine, and the met-enkephalin analogue FK 33-824 depressed the responses or accelerated the fade of the contraction induced by rapid cooling when added after the response had reached its maximum. 3. Hexamethonium had no influence on the responses. 4. Physostigmine potentiated all responses and reversed the fade of contraction induced by rapid cooling when added after this contraction had reached its maximum. 5. The effects of rapid cooling or warming were not altered in preparations made tachyphylactic to substance P; the response to rapid warming, but not cooling, was partially inhibited under tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine. 6. Antazoline, phentolamine, naloxone, and indomethacin did not block the responses. 7. Capsaicin firt potentiated and subsequently depressed the responses to both rapid cooling and warming. 8. The results indicate that rapid change of bath temperature induces longitudinal contraction by excitation of postganglionic cholinergic fibres.
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PMID:Longitudinal contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum induced by rapid cooling. 9 5

The localization of three different putative neurotransmitters -- indoleamine, catecholamine, and Substance P -- was studied in the paratrigeminal nucleus of the rat and rhesus monkey at the light and electron microscope level by autoradiography following administration of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, or [3H]norepinephrine, and by immunocytochemistry using the unlabelled anti-Substance P antiserum peroxidase--antiperoxidase technique. The paratrigeminal neurons are not monoaminergic but certain cells exhibit Substance P-like immunoreactivity. These cells receive a rich plexus of indoleamine afferents, a sparse catecholamine input, and a rich plexus of fibres with Substance P-like immunoreactivity. Of the entire monoaminergic population of labelled axons, more than 60% are synaptic and less then 40% nonsynaptic, and this proportion is the same for indoleamines as for catecholamines. Indoleamine axons form a heterogeneous population with at least four different morphological types that are synaptic and three that are nonsynaptic. They bear distinctive collections of small, clear, tubular or large granular vesicles, which distinguish one category of axon from another. These axons engage in numerous axo--somatic, axo--spinous, axo--dendritic, and possibly axo--axonic relations with paratrigeminal neurons. The catecholamine axons are also heterogeneous in axoplasmic morphology but their terminal contacts are distributed to more peripheral portions of dendrites. The significance of the inter-relations between the monaminergic and peptidergic elements in the paratrigeminal nucleus is discussed in relation to the possible functions of this nucleus as a nociceptive, chemosensitive, or pressure-sensitive centre on the lateral medullary surface.
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PMID:The paratrigeminal nucleus. II. Identification and inter-relations of catecholamine axons, indoleamine axons, and substance P immunoreactive cells in the neuropil. 9 96

5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-containing neurons in the rat's medullary raphe and interfascicularis hypoglossi cell groups were identified by means of autoradiography following prolonged intraventricular administration of 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine, fluorescence histochemistry for the demonstration of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine, and microspectrofluorimetric analysis of excitation and emission spectra. Immunocytochemical methods (the unlabeled primary antibody-peroxidase antiperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescence methods) were applied with antisera to substance P in order to localize immunoreactivity in these medullary neurons. It was demonstrated that the raphe nuclei and the interfascicularis hypoglossi nucleus are heterogeneous cell groups that contain: (i) Neurons that display both an uptake-storage capacity for 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine and a formaldehyde-induced fluorescence with spectral characteristics identical to those of the 5-hydroxytryptamine fluorophor. These cells exhibit high to low fluorescence intensities without detectable substance P-like immunoreactivity. (ii) Neurons with various 5-hydroxytryptamine fluorescence intensities and intense to low degrees of substance P-like immunoreactivity. (iii) Neurons with various degrees of substance P-like immunoreactivity without detectable 5-hydroxytryptamine fluorescence or 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine uptake and storage capacity. These results indicate that some neurons contain high or low levels of only 5-hydroxytryptamine or substance P, whereas other neurons contain both 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P in various proportions. The present findings demonstrate the presence of two putative transmitters, a biogenic amine and a polypeptide, within the same neuron in the mammalian central nervous system.
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PMID:Serotonin and substance P coexist i, neurons of the rat's central nervous system. 27 44

Using an immunoreactive technique the two peptides, motilin and Substance P, have been localized at the ultrastructural level in enterochromaffin (EC) cells. Motilin occurs in cells containing a mixed population of biconcave and round secretory granules whereas Substance P is found in cells with exclusively round granules. These observations confirm the existence of at least two functionally and morphologically different types of EC cell in rabbit bile duct, both of which contain 5-hydroxytryptamine. Classification of the endocrine cells of the gut on a purely morphological basis is clearly impossible, however.
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PMID:Immunoelectron cytochemical localization of motilin and substance P in rabbit bile duct enterochromaffin (EC) cells. 31 87

The distribution of Met-enkephalin- and substance P-immunoreactive neurons was studied by indirect immunofluorescence in some areas related to pain and analgesia. Met-enkephalin- and substance P-positive cell bodies and nerve terminals were observed in the periaqueductal central gray, the nucleus raphe magnus, the marginal layers and substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Lesion experiments suggest that Met-enkephalin neurons in the dorsal horn and possibly in the spinal trigeminal nucleus are interneurons or propriospinal neurons with nerve terminals in the laminae I and II of the cord and in the superficial layers of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, respectively. These areas are also very rich in substance P-positive nerve terminals, mainly representing central branches of primary afferent neurons. The present immunohistochemical-anatomical findings support the hypothesis that stimulation-produced analgesia is related to activation of spinal and spinal trigeminal enkephalin interneurons forming axo-axonic synapses with (substance P?) pain afferents in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These interneurons may be activated by sensory fibers and by descending fibers from medullary stimulation sites. Transmitter substances in these descending fibers may be 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of peptide pathways possibly related to pain and analgesia: enkephalin and substance P. 33 26

1 Behavioural and biochemical effects of substance P (SP, 1 to 10 mug) administered in a small volume to discrete areas of the rat's brain were studied by means of a refined microinjection technique.2 SP injected unilaterally into the zona reticulata of the substantia nigra elicited dose-dependent contraversive circling and an increase in dopamine turnover in the ipsilateral striatum. SP applied to the zona compacta or zona lateralis, or to the medial lemniscus, evoked ipsiversive turning with a fall in dopamine turnover and a rise in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover in the corresponding striatum.3 In both cases the onset of turning was immediate, reached a peak at about 5 min and lasted for 10 min. Both types of behaviour were blocked by haloperidol and exaggerated by nialamide.4 Unilateral injections of SP given into the crus cerebri, zona incerta, caudate nucleus, putamen or globus pallidus did not modify the animal's behaviour.5 In rats pretreated with apomorphine or amphetamine, SP induced contraversive circling which was followed by locomotion in the opposite direction.6 Turning responses to a second dose of SP were diminished at 3 h and reproducible at 24 h after the first injection.7 Bacitracin (50 ng) injected into the zona reticulata caused ipsiversive turning. Larger intranigral doses of bacitracin (10 mug), as with intracisternal SP (10 mug), evoked ;barrel rotation'.8 No changes in the free concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine or alanine were detected in any brain region following an intracisternal injection of 10 mug SP, although glutamine levels were elevated throughout the brain 30 to 60 min later.
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PMID:Effects of substance P injected into the substantia nigra. 42 15

The anterior mesenteric vein of the rabbit responds to substance P with dose-dependent contractions and is among the vascular smooth muscles most sensitive to this peptide. In spite of its high sensitivity to numerous other agents, including angiotensin and bradykinin, the rabbit mesenteric vein can be made selective for substance P by the use of specific inhibitors that will prevent the myotropic effects of acetylcholine, catecholamines, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and of the two above-mentioned peptides, without modifying the contractions elicited by substance P. It appears that this peptide acts directly on specific receptors and not through the release of neurotransmitters. Interference by intramural prostaglandins is excluded because substance P is equally active on tissues pretreated with indomethacin or untreated. Dose-response curves obtained with substance P are close to the theoretical curves predicted by the mass action law. The rabbit mesenteric vein contains a new type of receptor for bradykinin, recently identified (REGOLI, D., MARCEAU, F., and BARABE, J. 1978. De novo formation of vascular receptors for bradykinin. Can, J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 56, in press.). The action of bradykinin on this receptor can be prevented with the use of specific and competitive inhibitors and, therefore, the mesenteric vein will distinguish between peptides of the kinins or of the substance P types.
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PMID:The rabbit mesenteric vein: a specific bioassay for substance P. 68 83

At least four types of endocrine-like cells have been detected histochemically in the mucosa of the human colon and rectum, i.e. argentaffin cells storing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and non-argentaffin cells reacting with glucagon, somatostatin and bovine pancreatic peptide (BPP) antibodies. Ultrastructurally, four main types and three rare types of endocrine-like cells have been identified. Among the former cells were: (1) argentaffin EC1 cells, known to store 5HT and substance P, (2) poorly argyrophil L cells, corresponding to the glucagon-immunoreactive cells storing enteroglucagon or glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLl), (3) inconstantly argyrophil F-like cells, possibly corresponding to BPP-immunoreactive cells, and (4) fairly argyrophil H cells of unknown function. Rare D cells, corresponding to somatostatin cells, N cells, corresponding to neurotensin cells, and P cells, of unknown function, have been also found.
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PMID:Types of endocrine cells in the human colon and rectum. 69 14

Substance P has recently been localized in sensory nerves and has been suggested to be the mediator of antidromic vasodilatation. Interactions of substance P with putative mediators of inflammation and adenosine 5'-triphosphate were studied in rats using a quantitative Evans blue dye-leakage technique. Rats anaesthetized with either were given Evans blue. i.v. and intracutaneous injections of inflammatory agents were given into the shaved abdominal skin. Doses of substance P, 1-5 X 10(-10) mol, produced graded dye leakage. A low dose of substance P (5 X 10(-11) mol) potentiated responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (2.5 X 10(-10) mol), bradykinin (5 X 10(-10) mol), prostaglandin E1 (5 X 10(-10) mol) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (2.5 X 10(-7) mol) but no histamine (2 X 10(-8) mol). A higher dose of substance P (5 X 10(-10) mol) was potentiated by prostaglandin E1 (5 X 10(-11) mol) and adenosine 5'triphosphate (5 X 10(-9) mol) but but not by histamine (5 X 10(-10) mol) or bradykinin (5 X 10(-11 mol) and was inhibited by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 X 10(-12) mol). If substance P is released from sensory nerves in some inflammatory states these interactions might be of importance in determining the response observed.
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PMID:Interactions of substance P with putative mediators of inflammation and ATP. 88 57


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