Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substance P-like and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities (SPLI and SLI) were determined in ventricular fluid of patients with chronic pain syndromes and in a comparison group with multiple sclerosis, essential tremor, epilepsy and postanoxic myoclonus. Concentrations of SPLI and SLI were non-significantly decreased by 40% and 33% in chronic pain patients as compared with control patients without pain. There were no differences apparent between subgroups of pain patients (deafferentation pain, neoplasia-induced pain, thalamic pain). High pressure liquid chromatography combined with radioimmunoassay showed marked heterogeneity of SPLI and SLI.
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PMID:Substance P-like immunoreactivity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the ventricular fluid of patients with chronic pain syndromes. 183 80

Parallel time courses of clinical and behavioural parameters and levels of plasma substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI-PI) were studied in arthritic rats (adjuvant induced arthritis, AIA, a chronic pain model). Acute (14 and 21 post-inoculation days,PI) and post-acute (42 days PI) phases of the syndrome were investigated. These data were compared with those obtained in a control situation (inoculation day). In a second experimental series, levels of substance P-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid (SPLI-CSF) were determined at the same stages of AIA. In arthritic rats SPLI-PI was strongly enhanced (X4) as early as 14 days PI and remained increased (X4) at all stages studied, whereas SPLI-LCR was significantly increased (X2) only 21 days PI and returned to control levels at 42 days PI. These data suggest that SP could be distributed in two different pools, a peripheral one of inflammatory origin, and a central one which could be more specific to the chronic pain situation.
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PMID:[Variation of substance P-like immunoreactivity in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in the course of arthritis induced by Freund adjuvant in rats, a model for the study of chronic pain]. 190 87

Capsaicin has been used extensively as an experimental tool and in traditional and proprietary topical medications for acute soft tissue injuries. More recently it has been prescribed for several chronic pain conditions where it is usually administered topically for periods of several weeks. Here we have studied the consequences of this mode of application in the rat. Capsaicin cream (0.075% or 0.75%), or a vehicle cream, was applied twice daily to the hind paws of rats for a continuous period of 10 weeks. The hind paws treated with 0.75% capsaicin (but not 0.075%) because transiently hyperalgesic, but there were no signs of discomfort or distress associated with the treatment. After 10 weeks of capsaicin application, the ability of C fibres to produce neurogenic extravasation was markedly reduced. After 4 weeks of recovery this ability returned to normal in 0.075% capsaicin-treated animals, but remained impaired in the 0.75% group. This latter group showed a partial recovery 12 weeks after the end of treatment. The levels of substance P and CGRP in the sural nerve supplying the treated skin area were unchanged after both the 0.075% and 0.75% capsaicin treatments. The results suggest that the topical application of capsaicin at low concentration produces a reversible impairment of the terminals of C fibres in the skin without greatly exciting those fibres and without affecting the properties of cell soma. The number of afferent neurones in the L5 dorsal root ganglion projecting through the sural nerve was unchanged after 0.75% capsaicin treatment, suggesting that the topical capsaicin treatment does not produce any cell death in the adult animal.
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PMID:The consequences of long-term topical capsaicin application in the rat. 205

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of immunocytochemical studies of spinal neuropeptides in human pathology and in animal experiments. The distribution of neuropeptides in the gray matter of the human spinal cord is summarized. Data obtained on selected pathological cases are able to determine the origin of certain peptidergic afferents to the spinal cord and suggest that the early disappearance of substance P-positive fibers in the motoneuronal columns plays a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In rats, peptide immunocytochemistry is useful for assessing the plasticity of spinal neurons in a model of chronic pain, in chemically induced degeneration of the gray matter and in a model of spinal cord trauma. Finally, a newly developed culture system of adult rat and human dorsal root ganglia demonstrates that the phenotypic expression of neuropeptides can be modulated experimentally, which offers new perspectives for studying the neurobiological role of these mediators and for the tentative repair of spinal lesions by autografts.
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PMID:[Biochemical anatomy of the spinal peptidergic system. Study of normal and pathologic material; plasticity of neuropeptides in adult dorsal root ganglia]. 236 12

Eighteen patients with chronic pain syndromes of organic origin were treated by means of high frequency transcutaneous nerve stimulation (hi-TNS). The CSF levels of receptorassayable Fraction I and II endorphins, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI), and the monoamine metabolites 5-HIAA, HVA and MOPEG were measured before and after one week of daily treatment. Furthermore, the effects on experimental pain measures were determined. The therapeutic effect was evaluated after 30 days and 3 months of treatment. Patients with low initial concentrations of endorphins in CSF, lower than those observed in healthy volunteers, tended to have the best response to hi-TNS. There were significant increases in Fraction I endorphins and SPLI in CSF, most pronounced in the patients who responded. There were no significant changes in 5-HIAA, HVA or MOPEG in CSF. However, in early responders, the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA tended to decrease as contrasted to an increase in non-responders. The difference between the groups was statistically significant. Confirming our earlier studies, the therapy induced changes in pain measures showed a significant, positive correlation with increasing Fraction I endorphins in CSF. Our results suggest that hi-TNS induces central changes in the endorphinergic, serotonergic and possibly substance-P-ergic systems.
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PMID:Long-term high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hi-TNS) in chronic pain. Clinical response and effects on CSF-endorphins, monoamine metabolites, substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and pain measures. 241 23

Using in situ spinal dorsal horn perfusing method in decerebrated rats, we measured the release of immunoreactive substance P (iSP) in polyarthritic rats. The spontaneous release of iSP from the dorsal horn in the polyarthritic rats was significantly accelerated over that in control non-inflamed rats. Passive movements of the inflamed ankle joint evoked a significant increase in the release of iSP, while a similar movement of the non-inflamed joint led to no such increase. These results suggest that the facilitated release of iSP from the primary afferent terminals in the spinal dorsal horn in polyarthritic rats possibly plays a role in transmission of chronic pain of inflamed joints.
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PMID:Release of substance P from the spinal dorsal horn is enhanced in polyarthritic rats. 243 12

Immunoreactive substance P was determined in lumbar CSF of 35 healthy volunteers and 60 patients with chronic pain syndromes of at least 6 months duration. No significant relationships were found between substance P levels and age, sex or body height. Substance P levels were lower in chronic pain patients, with either neurogenic (n = 23) or idiopathic pain (n = 37) syndromes, than in the healthy volunteers. Substance P levels were especially low in patients with neurogenic pain with lesions involving the extremities and in those with polyneuropathy, while patients with central pain or pain of the head or face had higher values. Substance P levels were related to depressive symptomatology as determined by means of visual analogue scales and to stable personality traits as determined by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). The most consistent (and inverse) relationship was found between substance P levels and the symptom 'inner tension' and between substance P levels and the personality trait 'psychic anxiety.'
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PMID:Substance P in CSF of patients with chronic pain syndromes. 245 41

Various histochemical changes were found in spinal segments L4-L5 of rats with adjuvant arthritis, predominantly 30 days after inoculation. A slight to marked increase of substance P immunoreactivity occurred in laminae I, II and X. FRAP activity was enhanced in lamina II. Serotonin immunoreactivity was heavier in laminae I, VIII and IX in a few animals. The intensity of the histoenzymological reaction for succinic dehydrogenase increased in certain laminae VIII and X neurons. At day 15 of the disease the increase of substance P and FRAP activities was chiefly restricted to the medial portion of the superficial dorsal horn. There was a significant positive correlation between the scratching behaviour of arthritic rats and the substance P immunoreactivity in laminae X and I. If one accepts that scratching is pain-related, the data are consistent with a possible role of substance P in the chronic pain associated with adjuvant arthritis. They leave undetermined the significance of the other histochemical changes.
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PMID:Histochemical changes of substance P, FRAP, serotonin and succinic dehydrogenase in the spinal cord of rats with adjuvant arthritis. 258 Feb 6

In the last two decades, considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of pain. Studies correlating subjective magnitude estimations of pain in man with activity in single nerve fibers in experimental animals, and microneurographic recordings in awake humans, have provided convincing evidence for the role of specific nociceptors and labelled lines for signalling pain sensation in the normal skin. The response properties of the different types of nociceptive afferents, both myelinated and unmyelinated, from skin, muscle, and joints make them ideal candidates for signalling pain sensations. Cutaneous inflammation from any cause results in hyperalgesia. Cutaneous hyperalgesia at the site of an injury, i.e., primary hyperalgesia, can be explained by sensitization of nociceptors. This sensitization is likely due to local release of chemical mediators in the inflamed area. The metabolites of arachidonic acid (eicasonoids) and bradykinin appear to play an important role in the sensitization of nociceptors. Similar inflammation-induced changes in response properties of fine articular afferents might explain the pain of acute arthritis. The neuropeptide substance P released from primary afferents may also play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis. The mechanism of hyperalgesia in the region surrounding the injury, i.e., secondary hyperalgesia, is less well understood, and probably results from changes both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. While considerable advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of acute pain, the pathophysiology of most chronic pain states is still unclear. We hope that future studies in experimental animals, and careful psychophysical testing and microneurographic recordings in chronic pain patients, will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of pain.
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PMID:Peripheral mechanisms of somatic pain. 328 12

The distribution of substance P-immunoreactive and silver impregnated nerve fibers in the temporomandibular joint soft tissues of the Macaca fascicularis monkey was investigated in frozen sections. The pattern of substance P-immunoreactive structures in the soft tissues and periosteum of the temporomandibular joint was compared with the distribution of silver impregnated nerve fibers within these tissues. Presence of substance P-immunoreactive fibers was demonstrated in the temporomandibular joint capsule, disc attachments, fascia, adjacent periosteum and within the interfascicular connective tissue of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The overall distribution corresponded to that of silver impregnated nerve fibers. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the adventitia of arteries in all vascularized temporomandibular joint soft tissues but could not be found in the adventitia of veins. No substance P-immunoreactive or silver impregnated nerve fibers were seen in the dense collagenous tissue forming the disc. Substance P is suggested to influence the major features of inflammation and to play a role in acute and chronic pain conditions.
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PMID:Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in temporomandibular joint soft tissues of monkey. 346 42


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