Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurogenic switching is proposed as a hypothesis for a mechanism by which a stimulus at one site can lead to inflammation at a distant site. Neurogenic inflammation occurs when substance P and other neuropeptides released from sensory neurons produce an inflammatory response, whereas immunogenic inflammation results from the binding of antigen to antibody or leukocyte receptors. There is a crossover mechanism between these two forms of inflammation. Neurogenic switching is proposed to result when a sensory impulse from a site of activation is rerouted via the central nervous system to a distant location to produce neurogenic inflammation at the second location. Neurogenic switching is a possible explanation for systemic anaphylaxis, in which inoculation of the skin or gut with antigen produces systemic symptoms involving the respiratory and circulatory systems, and an experimental model of anaphylaxis is consistent with this hypothesis. Food-allergy-iducing asthma, urticaria, arthritis, and fibromyalgia are other possible examples of neurogenic switching. Neurogenic switching provides a mechanism to explain how allergens, infectious agents, irritants, and possibly emotional stress can exacerbate conditions such as migraine, asthma, and arthritis. Because neurogenic inflammation is known to be triggered by chemical exposures, it may play a role in the sick building syndrome and the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. Thus neurogenic switching would explain how the respiratory irritants lead to symptoms at other sites in these disorders.
 ...
PMID:Neurogenic switching: a hypothesis for a mechanism for shifting the site of inflammation in allergy and chemical sensitivity. 762 26

In the work was studied the effect of the delta-sleep inducing peptide (DSIP) on the substance P (SP) content in the hypothalamus of August rats genetically predisposed to emotional stress. The hypothalamic SP level increased 3 h and 6 h after systemic i. p. DSIP administration in doses of 60 and 120 nM/kg. The effects of i. p. DSIP administration on the hypothalamic SP were studied on an experimental model of aggressive-conflict behaviour in rats. The peptide was injected before the animals were exposed to stress. Quintuple DSIP administration in the above mentioned doses before exposing rats to stress induced highly significant increase in the hypothalamic SP. Single DSIP injections also significantly elevated SP values, reduced the adrenal hypertrophy and the thymus involution resulting in an increase of the rats' survival as compared to the control animals exposed to stress without DSIP. The antistressor effect of DSIP is assumed to be realized through the increase of the hypothalamic SP which is a factor enhancing the animal resistance to emotional stress.
 ...
PMID:[The physiological properties of endogenous oligopeptides that enhance resistance to emotional stress]. 768 17

Both clinical and experimental evidence is accumulating on the role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Sporadic reports as well as extensive studies indicate that emotional stress can act as an exacerbating event in psoriasis. Moreover, that neurogenic mechanisms are operating in psoriasis is suggested by clinical, pharmacologic and experimental data. We have focused our investigations on the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) in psoriatic lesions using a variety of experimental approaches: 1) receptor autoradiography; 2) immunohistochemistry; 3) radio-immunoassay; 4) human keratinocytes cultures. Our results indicate that an imbalance of VIP and SP exists in psoriatic lesions, and that these neuropeptides exert different and specific effects on human keratinocytes. At present, however, the finding of psoriasis being exacerbated by psychological factors cannot be satisfactorily explained merely by alterations of neuropeptides in the skin.
 ...
PMID:Psoriasis and the nervous system. 807 40

The paper presents a study of the central neurochemical organization of negative emotional states changing into emotional stress. The neurotransmitter integration of negative emotional excitation wherein, in addition to classical neurotransmitters, endogenous peptides, such as substance P, prolactin, which are able to enhance emotional stress resistance serves as the basis of formation of a negative emotional state An idea of the central peptidergic mechanisms of limiting the development of emotional stress is formulated and experimentally evidenced within the current concept of the systemic organization of emotions.
 ...
PMID:[Neuromediator integration of emotional excitation and mechanisms of stress resistance]. 852 92

The aim of this study was to investigate time-related changes in substance P (SP) beta-endorphin (BE), and corticosteron (CORT) levels induced by DSIP administration in rats subjected to emotional stress. Experiments were carried out in male Wistar and August rats with different resistance to emotional stress. At night rats were tied by their tails to the backside of the special cages. These stress-inducing procedure was repeated for 12 hours daily in the course of 5 days. SP and BE immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and plasma and blood CORT level were determined radioimmunologically. Six groups of animals were formed: 1. control animals; 2. stressed animals; 3. rats which received DSIP in a dose of 60 nmol/kg one hour before decapitation; 3. rats to which DSIP was injected 24 hours before decapitation; 5. stressed rats to which DSIP was injected one hour before decapitation during the 5th exposure to stress; 6. stressed rats to which DSIP was injected 12 hours before the 5th exposure to stress, i.e. 24 hours before decapitation. Our experiments showed that DSIP administration induced marked changes in SP, BE, and CORT levels in the hypothalamus and blood plasma. This suggests that long-term stress-coping effects of DSIP in underlied by considerable changes in the content of other oligopeptides and hormones. Evidently, DSIP triggers these processes inducing a cascade of interrelated molecular reactions which are different in Wistar and August rats. It seems likely that DSIP administration stimulates the mechanisms of resistance in August rats to a lesser extent than in Wistar rats.
 ...
PMID:[Changes in the content of substance P, beta-endorphin and corticosterone in the hypothalamus and blood of rats with emotional stress after the administration of the delta sleep-inducing peptide]. 856 Sep 45

The aim of this study is to investigate time-related changes in substance P (SP), beta-endorphin (BE), and corticosterone (CORT) levels due to DSIP aftereffects in the control and stress rats. Experiments were carried out on male Wistar and August rats. The SP and BE immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and plasma samples was determined radioimmunologically. Blood CORT level was determined radioimmunologically. The rats were stressed at nighttime in special cages and tied by tails to the back side of the cage. The stress experiments were repeated for 12 hours for 5 days. There were 6 groups: 1. control animals, 2. stress animals, 3. rats that received DSIP in a dose of 60 nmol/kg one hour before decapitation, 4. rats in which DSIP was injected 24 hour before decapitation, 5. stressed rats in which DSIP was injected one hour before decapitation during the 5th exposure to stress, 6. stressed rats to which DSIP was injected 12 hours before the 5th exposure to stress, i.e., 24 hours before decapitation. Our experiments showed that DSIP administration induced marked changes in SP, BE, and CORT levels in hypothalamus and blood plasma. This suggests that the long-term stress-coping effect of DSIP depends on considerable changes in the level of other oligopeptides and hormones induced by DSIP. Evidently, DSIP triggers these processes inducing a cascade of interrelated molecular reactions radically different in animals with different resistance to emotional stress. This cascade of sequential reactions is different in Wistar and August rats differing by their resistance to emotional stress. DSIP administration stimulates the mechanism of resistance in August rats to a lesser extent than in Wistar animals.
 ...
PMID:Delta-sleep-inducing peptide sequels in the mechanisms of resistance to emotional stress. 859 3

The wide distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive cell bodies, nerve terminals and corresponding receptors in pressor nuclei controlling emotion and stress implies that CRF and SP may play important roles in pressor responses of these nuclei; hence CRF or SP was microinjected into these nuclei respectively in Wistar male rats anesthetized with urethane to test this possibility. Microinjection of CRF into nucleus amygdaloideus centralis, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus ventromedialis, lateral hypothalamus-perifornical region, periaqueductal gray matter, nucleus parabrachialis, locus coeruleus or rostral ventrolateral medulla respectively could evoke pressor responses (but CRF injection into nucleus dorsomedialis could not elicit significant pressor responses). Injection of substance P into all the above nuclei could also elicit hypertensive responses of different magnitudes, whereas normal saline injection into these nuclei had no effect. These results indicate that both CRF and SP in the above mentioned nuclei may play important roles in hypertension induced by prolonged emotional stress.
 ...
PMID:Role of corticotropin-releasing factor and substance P in pressor responses of nuclei controlling emotion and stress. 962 22

Prolonged emotional stress is an important factor in the development of neurogenic hypertension, but its mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the possible neural basis of hypertension induced by prolonged emotional stress. In the brain many nuclei are involved in emotional reaction, stress or defense response; among them the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis (AC) is the most important one which widely connects with other nuclei controlling emotion and stress, such as nucleus ventromedialis (NVM), nucleus dorsomedialis (NDM), nucleus paraventricularis (NPV) etc. These nuclei contain corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)- and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive cell bodies, nerve terminals and corresponding receptors. Our previous and present studies showed that microinjection of CRF or SP into these nuclei induced pressor responses. These data imply that excitation of the AC can activate many nuclei controlling emotion and stress via CRF and SP, and excessive activities of these nuclei may be the neural basis of hypertension induced by prolonged emotional stress. The present study revealed that (1) the AC pressor response to glutamate (Glu) could be reduced by preinjection of CRF antagonist (alpha-Helical CRF[9-41] or SP antagonist ([D-Pro(2), D-Phe(7), D-Trp(9)]-substance P) into bilateral NVM, (2) the NVM pressor response to Glu were decreased by pretreatment of the NDM with CRF- or SP-antagonist, (3) the AC-, NVM- or NDM-pressor responses were all attenuated by preinjection of CRF- or SP-antagonist into bilateral NPV or rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL). The results indicate that excitation of the AC can indirectly activate the NPV and RVL to evoke pressor response via the NVM-NDM, CRF and SP are transmitters in each connection of this pathway; this is one component of the mechanism underlying the AC pressor response. Taken together with the findings of our previous studies, it provides neurophysiological basis for the above-mentioned implications.
 ...
PMID:Corticotropin releasing factor and substance P mediate the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis-nucleus ventromedialis-nucleus dorsomedialis pressor system. 1052 35

There is an emotional pressor circuit composed of nuclei controlling emotion and stress, which may be the neurophysiological basis for prolonged emotional stress inducing hypertension. The central amygdaloid nucleus (AC) is the most important in this circuit, which widely connects with the other nuclei via its CRF (corticotropin releasing factor)-ergic and SP (substance P)-ergic projection fibers. There is another pressor system composed of the lateral septum (SL), habenula (HB), locus coeruleus (LC), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL); muscarinic receptors are involved in each connection of this system. In view of the facts that the SL also plays an important role in integration of emotion and autonomic reaction, and the AC projects to the SL, it is likely that the SL-acetylcholine (ACh) pressor system is involved in the AC-emotional circuit. The present study demonstrates that injection of receptor blocker into each nucleus in the SL-ACh pressor pathway can reverse the AC pressor response, proving that the SL-HB (and HB-posterior hypothalamus)-LC-RVL pressor system is a component of the AC-emotional pressor circuit.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of rat lateral septum-acetylcholine pressor system in central amygdaloid nucleus-emotional pressor circuit. 1191 90

Acne is a complex, chronic and common skin disorder of pilosebaceous units. Although it is known that exacerbation of acne results from emotional stress, the nature of the association between stress and acne remains unclear. This is due in part to the lack of substantial evidence regarding the participation of cutaneous neurogenic factors in the pathogenesis of acne. To examine the possible involvement of neurogenic factors in the etiology of acne, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the distribution of SP-containing nerve fibers around sebaceous glands and the expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous acini of the facial skin of acne patients and of healthy subjects. More numerous substance P immunoreactive nerve fibers in close apposition to the sebaceous glands and an increase in expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous acini were observed in acne patients compared with the controls. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the subcellular localization of neutral endopeptidase was restricted to the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum within sebaceous germinative cells. In addition, in vitro experiments using an organ culture system demonstrated that substance P induced expression of neutral endopeptidase in sebaceous glands in a dose dependent manner. This study reveals that substance P and its degrading enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of acne, which in turn might partially explain the pathologic significance of neurogenic and psychogenic aspects in the disease process.
 ...
PMID:Sebaceous glands in acne patients express high levels of neutral endopeptidase. 1210 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>