Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of adrenergic and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neuropeptide Y- and substance P-immunoreactive nerves was studied histochemically and immunohistochemically in the irides of rats 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. In the control animals, catecholamine-containing, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in the constrictor pupillae, dilator muscle and the ciliary processes. They also formed perivascular nerve plexuses of blood vessels in the dilator muscle. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were only observed in the dilator muscle and ciliary processes. In the irides from diabetic animals, a considerable increase was observed in the fluorescence intensity and/or density of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves. Some varicosities of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves appeared enlarged. In contrast, no apparent change in the density and/or fluorescence intensity of catecholamine-containing, neuropeptide Y- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres was observed in the irides from diabetic animals when compared with controls. The results are discussed in relation to the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy of the irides in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:An increase of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, but not neuropeptide Y-, substance P- or catecholamine-containing nerves in the iris of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 246 63

Co-localization of substance P with serotonin in raphe projection neurons was studied by combining substance P immunocytochemistry and autoradiography following uptake and retrograde axonal transport of [3H]serotonin and/or its products from target areas. In this study, two central pathways in the rat were investigated: the serotonergic projections of the midbrain raphe to the olfactory bulb and those of the medullary raphe that innervate the thoracic spinal cord. Two hours after pargyline pretreatment, injections of 10(-4) M [3H]serotonin were made either into the olfactory bulb or into the spinal cord and respectively 24 or 60 h thereafter, rats were administered with colchicine. After a 24 h survival time, the paraformaldehyde fixed brains were investigated for substance P immunocytochemistry and then treated for light and electron microscopy autoradiography. Combining both methods, we can define on the same tissue sections at least three labeled neuronal populations: substance P immunolabeled neurons, radiolabeled neurons and doubly immuno-radiolabeled neurons. In the midbrain raphe cells as well as in the olfactory bulb nerve terminals, two kinds of labeled profiles were detected: substance P immunoreactive profiles and radiolabeled ones. The radiolabeled cell bodies of the midbrain raphe (403 counted cells) were never reactive to substance P antibodies. Moreover, they were distributed caudally to substance P stained perikarya. In contrast, in the medullary raphe, of the 336 radiolabeled cell bodies 162 were stained after substance P antibody treatment. They represent about 48% of the serotonin radiolabeled neurons projecting to the thoracic spinal cord, where a great number of varicosities were observed immunolabeled, radiolabeled and doubly immuno-radiolabeled in the dorsal horn. At the ultrastructural level, cell bodies and dendritic processes were also doubly labeled. Both labelings were observed over the cytoplasm and some organelles or perikarya. These observations provide a morphological basis to support the hypothesis that substance P can occur within some but not all serotonergic neurons and raise questions about the expression of this peptide in these systems as well as the modes of interaction of these transmitter molecules.
 ...
PMID:Serotonergic projections to the spinal cord but not those to the olfactory bulb also contain substance P. A combined immunocytochemical and autoradiographic study following retrograde axonal transport of [3H]serotonin labeled products. 246 86

In a previous study of afferent projections to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), it was shown that over half of the retrogradely-labelled neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus contained serotonin-immunoreactivity and over half of these neurons contained substance P-immunoreactivity, suggesting that these two putative neurotransmitters are colocalized in NTS-afferent neurons. The objectives of the present study were to 1) directly determine if varicosities in the NTS, the area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN) do contain both transmitters, 2) determine if primary afferent neurons in the nodose and pretrosal ganglia might also colocalize serotonin and substance P, and 3) quantify the amount of substance P that is contained in serotonergic varicosities in the NTS. Distributions and colocalization of substance P and serotonin in the NTS were studied using dual-color immunohistochemistry, while the quantity of substance P in serotonergic varicosities was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using micropunches from the NTS of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-(5,7 DHT-) and vehicle-treated rats. Varicosities that contained both serotonin- and substance P-immunoreactivity were found in the NTS, the DMN, and the AP. Double-labelled varicosities were common in the NTS and DMN (i.e., qualitatively similar to the density seen in the hypoglossal nucleus and in the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord); however, the vast majority of the varicosities in these autonomic areas only displayed immunoreactivity for one or the other of these transmitters. This paucity of doubly-labelled varicosities, in comparison to the number of singly-labelled varicosities, was reflected in the lack of a significant decrease in substance P levels as determined by RIA of micropunches taken from caudal and intermediate levels of the NTS in 5,7 DHT- and vehicle-treated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of serotonin and substance P colocalization in the nucleus tractus solitarii and associated afferent ganglia of the rat. 246 90

Using two-color immunoperoxidase staining combined with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase injected into the rostral thoracic spinal cord, substance P-immunoreactive (SPI) and serotonin-immunoreactive (5HTI) varicosities have been observed in contiguity with medullary bulbospinal phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase-immunoreactive (PNMTI) neurons of the C1, C2, and C3 cell groups. Since PNMTI terminals in the spinal cord are concentrated among sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPGN) in the intermediolateral cell column, the close anatomical associations shown in the present study indicate that substance P- and serotonin-containing pathways in the medulla likely affect activity of SPGN via adrenergic bulbospinal neurons.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical evidence for substance P and serotonin input to medullary bulbospinal adrenergic neurons. 246 93

A substantial number of substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the anterior pituitary of macaque monkeys. Most of them were thin fibers with abundant varicosities, which were often in close proximity to the glandular cells. They were found only in the median part of the gland and were distributed chiefly in its dorso-posterior region.
 ...
PMID:Substance P-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pars distalis of the adenohypophysis of macaque monkeys. 246 11

The aim of this work was to study the ultrastructural distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in laminae I and II of rat spinal cord and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis in relation to synaptic glomeruli. A bispecific monoclonal antibody directed against substance P and horseradish peroxidase was used, combining sensitive immunocytochemistry with preservation of fine ultrastructural detail. Some of the quantitative observations were carried out with an automated image analysis system. The study revealed that in lamina I of the spinal cord, almost all immunoreactive profiles counted were nonglomerular, and a considerable number of them contacted medium-size or large dendrites or were in direct contact with other vesicle-containing profiles. In ventral lamina II, 9.4% of the labeled axonal varicosities were central boutons of type I glomeruli (CI). They could be identified by their scalloped contour, number and types of peripheral profiles, reduced density of mitochondria, and localization in the dorsal horn. However, these immunoreactive glomerular CI boutons (14.1% of the total number of CI) differed statistically from the prevailing population of nonimmunoreactive CI, by being surrounded by less peripheral neuronal profiles, which established fewer synapses. In addition, they contained more than three dense-core vesicles per central profile. In the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis laminae I and II, the substance P fibers and varicosities had a plexiform orientation at the light microscopic level, which contrasted with the mainly rostrocaudal orientation of the spinal cord's lamina II plexus. However, the main ultrastructural findings were similar. These results demonstrate that substance P-like immunoreactivity occurs in a large number of type I synaptic glomeruli with specific morphological features and reinforce the current concept that the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis are homologous structures.
 ...
PMID:Morphological characterization of substance P-like immunoreactive glomeruli in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord and trigeminal subnucleus caudalis: a quantitative study. 246 97

A light microscopic study in adult cats provided evidence suggesting that neuronal cell bodies of mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons were often in direct contact with axonal varicosities showing enkephalin-, substance P- or serotonin-like immunoreactivity.
 ...
PMID:Enkephalin-, substance P- and serotonin-like immunoreactive axonal varicosities in close apposition to perikarya of mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus neurons in the cat. 247 17

Host afferents into fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue grafted to the neostriatum of adult rats have been studied by using anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and immunocytochemistry for serotonin (5-HT), Substance P (SP), and dopamine-adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated-phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32). Numerous fibers of cortical origin were detected in the transplants following multiple (11-15) iontophoretic injections of PHA-L into the frontal and anterior cingulate cortex. The labeled fibers occurred with an apparently random distribution throughout the graft tissue. Their overall density was lower than that of the surrounding striatum but similar to that found in the host nigra-ventral tegmental area. The majority of the PHA-L-labeled fibers in the grafts were thin and tortuous with varicosities or lateral clubs with terminal boutons. Dual labeling showed frequent close appositions between PHA-L-labeled terminals and dopamine-immunoreactive cell bodies. In parallel electron microscopy, synaptic contacts were observed between PHA-L-labeled terminals and unlabeled neuronal profiles in the graft. Other labeled fibers in the grafts were thick and smooth, corresponding probably to labeled myelinated axons observed in the electron microscope. These thick fibers were often seen to give off collaterals of the thin type. The virtual absence of such thick fibers in the normal striatal neuropil suggests that at least some of the cortical afferents to the grafts may have sprouted from axons normally projecting to diencephalic or brain stem regions. Serotonin fibers occurred in patches or as scattered single fibers in both deep and superficial portions of the nigral transplants. In the electron microscope some of these terminals were seen to establish synaptic contacts with nonimmunoreactive elements in the graft. These fibers were present also when the graft tissue had been pretreated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine at the time of transplantation. This treatment eliminated all 5-HT-containing neurons from the grafts without any noticeable adverse effect on the survival of the dopaminergic neurons. The serotonin fibers in the grafts were thus most likely of host origin. SP-positive fibers formed a dense plexus inside the grafts. Since many SP-positive cell bodies were visualized inside the transplant after colchicine pretreatment, it is unclear, however, whether any of these fibers were of host origin. Intrastriatal injections of PHA-L or DARPP-32 immunocytochemistry indicated that the deep portions of the nigral grafts were entirely devoid of host striatal afferents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Host afferents into intrastriatal transplants of fetal ventral mesencephalon. 247 71

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPI) was investigated in the superior cervical ganglion of normotensive and genetically hypertensive (GH) Otago Wistar rats aged 1, 2, 8-10 and 50-60 weeks, by used of an indirect immunoperoxidase method. SPI was not seen in neuronal cell bodies but a subpopulation of ganglion cells was supplied by SP-positive terminals which closely invested the cell surface. This subpopulation showed no particular topographical distribution. The number of SP-positive terminal varicosities per unit area was several times higher in GH rats than in normotensive rats at all ages over 2-60 weeks. The proportion of neurons supplied by SP-positive terminals (sampled in 8-10 week-old rats) was also greater in GH than in normotensive rats. Decentralization of the ganglion or chronic capsaicin treatment removed all SP-immunoreactive terminals around the cell bodies, indicating that the SP-positive terminals are collaterals of thoracic sensory afferents. As SP has been reported to have an excitatory effect in sympathetic ganglia, intraganglionic release of SP might contribute to the development of hypertension in the GH strain.
 ...
PMID:Substance P immunoreactivity in the superior cervical ganglia of normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats. 247 36

In our previous studies substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers have been demonstrated in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in macaque monkeys, and they have been found to contact somatotropes. The present study investigated the relationship of the substance P-immunoreactive fibers to thyrotropes and corticotropes. Macaca mulatta monkeys were used. Sections of the anterior pituitaries were double immunostained with antisera against either substance P and human thyrotropin or substance P and human adrenocorticotropic hormone. Substance P-immunoreactive varicosities were found to be in close proximity to thyrotropes and corticotropes. It is therefore suggested that a direct neural factor may take part in the regulation of thyrotropin and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers to thyrotropes and corticotropes in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the monkey. 247 84


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>