Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The venom of V. cincta contains acetylcholine (ACh), histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Blockers of these agonists did not block completely the hypotensive and smooth muscle contractile activity of venom. On smooth muscle, there was a residual slow contraction. The active substance which produced this slow contraction was separated by solvent extraction, gel filtration and TLC. The purified material (which has been provisionally designated "Vecikinin") lowered cat, rat and guinea pig blood pressure, increased amplitude of cardiac contraction, and increased capillary permeability. Vecikinin contracted several smooth muscle preparations (rat uterus, rat ascending colon, guinea pig ileum, guinea pig colon and rat ileum), while relaxing rat duodenum. Its contractile activity was not lost on boiling, but acid or alkali-boiling reduced its contractile activity. It was inactivated on incubation with chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase but not with trypsin, pepsin or leucine aminopeptidase. It is a peptide, appears to be of low molecular weight, and could be distinguished from substance P, angiotensin, bradykinin and hornet or wasp kinin.
 ...
PMID:Isolation, partial purification and pharmacodynamics of a slow contractile substance in the venom sac extract of the wasp Vespa cincta Fabr. 240 29

The peptidergic innervation of the human and guinea pig uterus was studied using immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies against several peptides were applied for the PAP-technique to stain peptidergic nerves specifically. These are located in the adventitia of large uterine vessels in the myometrium and smaller vessels of the myometrium and endometrium. A differential distribution of the individual peptides was observed for VIP-IR (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity), NPY-IR (neuropeptide Y), SP-IR (substance P), SOM-IR (somatostatin) and NT-IR (neurotensin) nerve fibers. Specific functional implications for these neuropeptides can be derived from their histochemical location.
 ...
PMID:Peptidergic innervation of the human and guinea pig uterus. 242 49

Betahistine produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the guinea-pig ileum and was about 27 times less active than histamine in this respect. Betahistine induced desensitization of contractile responses to histamine in the guinea-pig ileum. The H1 histamine receptor antagonist mepyramine was a competitive antagonist of the action of betahistine on the guinea-pig ileum. Betahistine caused relaxation of the rat uterus contracted by acetylcholine, and this action of betahistine was blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. Betahistine had a concentration-dependent positive chronotropic action on isolated guinea-pig atria, and in this respect was tenfold less potent than histamine. The action of betahistine on the atria was blocked by the H2 receptor antagonist YM11170. Betahistine caused a concentration-related contraction of the isolated lung parenchymal strip of the guinea-pig, and YM11170 potentiated this effect. Betahistine failed to release histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells at concentrations up to 100 microM and it did not prevent histamine release induced by either substance P or anti-IgE. Betahistine produced a dose-related flare and wheal reaction when injected intradermally into human skin. It is concluded that betahistine has agonist activity at both H1 and H2 receptors for histamine.
 ...
PMID:Some studies of the action of betahistine at H1 and H2 receptors for histamine. 242 22

The presence of calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in sensory neurons was established by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CGRP-immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibres were present in many peripheral organs including heart, ureter, uterus and gall bladder of guinea-pig and man. The distribution of CGRP-IR nerves in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, of positive cell bodies in thoracic spinal and nodose ganglia and nerves in peripheral organs was closely related to that of substance P-LI. Double staining experiments revealed that in most cases peripheral CGRP-IR nerve terminals also contained SP-LI. However, different localization of SP- and CGRP-IR neurons was observed in the nucleus of the solitary tract as well as in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. In the heart, CGRP-IR nerves were associated with myocardial cells (mainly atria), coronary vessels, local parasympathetic ganglia as well as with the epi- and endocardia. Three to 4-fold higher levels of native CGRP-LI were observed in the atria than in the ventricles of the heart. HPLC analysis revealed that the major peak of CGRP-LI in the heart of rat and man had the same retention times as the synthetic equivalents. Systemic capsaicin pretreatment and adult guinea-pigs caused a loss of CGRP-IR terminals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as in peripheral organs including the heart. After capsaicin treatment, the content of CGRP-IR was reduced by 70% in the heart and by 60% in the dorsal part of the spinal cord. In superfusion experiments with slices from the rat spinal cord, a release of CGRP-LI was induced by 60 mM K+ and 3 microM capsaicin in a calcium-dependent manner.
 ...
PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in capsaicin-sensitive substance P-immunoreactive sensory neurons in animals and man: distribution and release by capsaicin. 243 68

Polyclonal antibodies against substance P were raised in rabbits and partially purified. This apparently homogeneous immunoglobulin fraction was used to immunize other rabbits. The anti-idiotypic antibodies derived from these rabbits were substantially more effective in competing with substance P than in competing with beta-endorphin for binding to their respective primary antibodies. The anti-idiotypic antibody was also 50 times more potent in competing with substance P binding than in competing with substance K binding to rat duodenal membranes, a tissue containing receptors for substance P and substance K. The anti-idiotypic antibodies exhibited significant enhancement of substance P induced spasmogenic response on the rat uterus and guinea pig ileum (GPI). The results indicate that it is possible to develop anti-idiotypic antibodies that recognize substance P receptors. These antibodies will be of value in studies of the physiological roles of the neuropeptide, substance P.
 ...
PMID:Development of an anti-idiotypic antibody that blocks substance P primary antibodies and substance P membrane binding. 244 17

Innervation of the female reproductive system provides an important signal for a variety of neuroendocrine reflexes and behaviors in the female rat. Although some studies suggest that afferent feedback from the gonads is involved in the hypothalamic control of gonadal function and pituitary hormone release, the extent and function of afferent feedback from the gonads in these neuroendocrine reflexes has yet to be clarified. Deafferentation studies have provided only partial support for the afferent control of the gonads. Some studies even suggest functional asymmetries in the neural control of the gonads, but knowledge regarding the neuroanatomical substrate for these possible neurogonadal interactions remains incomplete. Studies with retrograde tract tracers indicate that the ovaries receive a substantial afferent supply from lower thoracic-upper lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Despite stringent precautions to prevent diffusion of tracers following injections into the ovary or related nerves, many of the retrogradely labeled cell bodies identified by these studies may represent an overestimation of the extent of afferent innervation. We have reexamined the afferent innervation of the female reproductive tract by means of the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from thoracic, lumbar and sacral dorsal root ganglion to pelvic visceral organs and have studied the effects of unilateral ganglionectomy on substance P containing fibers in the ovary, oviduct and uterus. The neuroanatomical results show that the T13 and L1 dorsal root ganglia provide major afferent innervation to the cranial portion of the reproductive tract and the L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia provide primary afferent fibers to the caudal portion of the reproductive tract as well as the bladder, rectum and perineum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Afferent fibers in the reproductive system and pelvic viscera of female rats: anterograde tracing and immunocytochemical studies. 246 62

The occurrence and distribution of peptidergic nerves in the guinea pig uterus was studied by means of immunocytochemistry using numerous neuropeptide anti-sera. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive (IR) nerves were the most abundant, whereas substance P (SP)-, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, and neurokinin A (NKA)-IR nerves were less frequent, and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI)-IR nerves were the most sparse. Chemical sympathectomy by means of 6-hydroxydopamine, and capsaicin treatment revealed the division of the peptidergic nerves into three separate populations: (1) NPY-IR nerves, which co-existed with adrenergic nerves, (2) SP-, CGRP- and NKA-IR nerves, which mutually co-existed, and (3) PHI-IR nerves. Parallel-running adrenergic/NPY-IR and SP-IR nerves could be found with very similar although not completely identical morphological appearance. Paracervical ganglia contained neurotensin- and dynorphin A-IR cells bodies in addition to cell bodies with immunoreactivities similar to those in prevertebral ganglia. Combined retrograde tracing with True blue and immunocytochemistry showed that the adrenergic and NPY-IR uterine nerves originate in paracervical and prevertebral ganglia. In the prevertebral ganglia the cellular origin was the same for adrenergic and NPY-IR nerves. In contrast, SP-, CGRP-, and NKA-IR nerves originated in dorsal root ganglia. At full-term pregnancy all the neuropeptide immunoreactivities had vanished, probably reflecting a fetus-induced general nerve degeneration.
 ...
PMID:Co-existence and origin of peptidergic and adrenergic nerves in the guinea pig uterus. Retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry, effects of chemical sympathectomy, capsaicin treatment and pregnancy. 246 70

The localization and distribution of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica at different stages in the development of the adult fluke have been determined by an indirect immunofluorescence technique, using antisera to 19 vertebrate peptides and the invertebrate neuropeptide, FMRFamide. Positive immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), substance P (SP) and FMRFamide. Cell bodies and nerve fibres immunoreactive to the 4 peptides are present in the anterior ganglia and the 3 pairs of longitudinal nerve cords and their commissures in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, immunoreactivity occurs in the nerve plexuses supplying the subtegumental musculature, the oral and ventral suckers, and the muscular lining of the male and female reproductive ducts, including the ootype, uterus, cirrus pouch and gonopore. Cells displaying immunoreactivity to PYY and FMRFamide lie amongst the Mehlis' gland cells that surround the ootype. Processes from these cells extend into the wall of the ootype. One group of PP-immunoreactive cells occurs at the junction of the vitelline and ovovitelline ducts, whilst another group is situated at the entrance to the uterus from the ootype. The results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the peptides in the neurophysiology and egg production of the fluke.
 ...
PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of neuropeptides in the nervous system of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda, Digenea). 247 90

In 13 anaesthetized hens in the peak phase of their first laying year the influence of intravenously injected substance P (SP), 1-10 micrograms/animal, on oviductal pressure, duodenal pressure, blood pressure and heart rate has been studied within 5 h of oviposition. The neuropeptide induced a significant pressure increase in the different segments of the oviduct (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina) as well as in the duodenum. Blood pressure revealed a distinct biphasic response: a short period of hypotension accompanied by a tachycardia and a more pronounced and sustained hypertension, inducing a subsequent bradycardia. The complexity of the observed effects demonstrates the overall impact of intravenously administered SP on the anaesthetized hen.
 ...
PMID:The influence of substance P on oviductal, duodenal and blood pressure in the anaesthetized domestic hen. 247 85

Systemic administration of Neurotensin, a tridecapeptide, in immature rats treated with estradiol benzoate significantly enhances uterine DNA synthesis as reflected by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The peptide may have a direct action on the uterus. Substance P, a related peptide, had no effect on uterine DNA synthesis.
 ...
PMID:Neurotensin enhances estradiol induced DNA synthesis in immature rat uterus. 258 23


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>