Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Investigations on various kinds of biological actions of a newly purified hypothalamic tridecapeptide, neurotensin, were performed both in vivo and in vitro by utilizing experimental animal models. The effect of neurotensin on pituitary gonadotropin release was studied in ovariectomized estrogen-progesterone-treated rats by the measurement of serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) in radioimmunoassays. Neurotensin (340 mg/100 g BW) significantly increased serum LH and FSH 30 minutes after an intravenous injection (p smaller than 0.05) and lowered serum prolactin concentrations significantly (p less than 0.025). Bradykinin and substance P showed on significant effect on serum LH and FSH release. Intraperitoneal or intravenous administration of 0.5 n.mole neurotensin lowered blood pressure in intact mature rats from the range of 90 approximately 100 mmHg to 50 approximately 60 mmHg; however, tachyphylaxis was observed after repeated injections of the same dose of this peptide. Neurotensin was as potent as bradykinin in inducing rat duodenum relaxation and guinea pig ileum contraction in vitro. Theses effects on neurotensin and bradykinin on the intestines were not inhibited by the pre-treatment of phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide and pyribenzamine. Bradykinin induced contractions of the uterus in proestrous rats, but neurotensin induced no marked contraction. These results suggest that neurotensin in not hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting factor but possess the nature of kinin.
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PMID:[A study on the biological action of hypothalamic tridecapeptide, neurotensin (author's transl)]. 43 7

The uterus and vagina of the guinea pig have been examined, region by region, for acetylcholinesterase, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, as well as for the neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, enkephalin and somatostatin. No acetylcholinesterase activity was localized in the uterus, though it was present in associated paracervical ganglion tissues. Of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity was found virtually throughout the reproductive tract, whereas aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity was restricted in its distribution. Neuropeptide distribution was quite varied. Neuropeptide Y was found throughout the endometrium/submucosa but only in the muscularis of the vagina and not in the myometrium. Substance P was localized in the vagina and uterine horn, though not the body of the uterus. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was present in all regions of the endometrium/submucosa, but not in the myometrium of the uterine horn. Enkephalin and somatostatin were not localized in any part of the reproductive tract examined, apart from paracervical ganglion tissues. The types and significance of the nerves supplying the reproductive tract are discussed.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides in the female guinea-pig uterus and vagina. 135 70

Substance P is a neuropeptide that has been identified in the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, and vagina and in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both an animal model and human ovaries. We sought to determine if substance P is present in peritoneal fluid and, if so, whether it correlated with the cause of infertility. Its presence was determined by radioimmunoassay in the peritoneal fluid of 66 patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for clinical indications related to infertility. Total volume of peritoneal fluid and cycle day were recorded; patients were evaluated in groups according to diagnosis: endometriosis (n = 24), pelvic adhesions (n = 18), and normal controls (n = 24). The level of substance P (mean +/- SEM) was 122 +/- 19 pg/ml for endometriosis and 130 +/- 19 pg/ml for pelvic adhesions. These values were not significantly different from the normal controls (130 +/- 25 pg/ml). There was no significant difference in levels between follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. We conclude that substance P is present normally in peritoneal fluid and that its levels are not affected by pelvic endometriosis or adhesions.
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PMID:Substance P in peritoneal fluid. 137 Jul 40

Substance P (SP) and neurotensin (NT), two structurally related peptides with contrasting biological actions, have been shown to have some role in peripheral reproductive processes. Intrauterine microinjection of SP or NT on day 4 or 5 of pregnancy in the rat significantly reduced the number of viable fetuses, weight and glycogen content of the uterus. The number of viable fetuses, uterine weight or glycogen content were not modified when SP/NT was microinjected on day 8, 9, 10 or on day 14, 15 and 16. The results indicate that the peptides possibly exert a direct local alteration in uterine vascular permeability causing failure in implantation.
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PMID:Anti-implantation role for substance P and neurotensin in rat. 138

The type of antagonism exhibited by three novel bradykinin (BK) antagonists, D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]BK (HOE 140, compound I), D-Arg-[Hyp3,D-Tic7,Oic8]BK (compound II) and [Arg(Tos)1,Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]BK (compound III), was compared with that of a conventional antagonist, D-Arg-[Hyp2,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]BK (compound IV), on the guinea-pig ileum. The novel compounds induced rightward displacements of cumulative concentration-response curves to BK, accompanied by a progressive reduction of the maximum effect (Emax) without a significant decrease in the slope, whereas no reduction of Emax was observed with compound IV. Actions of substance P on the guinea-pig ileum and of vasopressin on the rat uterus remained completely unaffected. It is concluded that as the novel BK analogues show competitive as well as non-competitive inhibition in the guinea-pig ileum, but the inhibition is reversible and specific, they are dual antagonists.
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PMID:Analysis of the antagonistic actions of HOE 140 and other novel bradykinin analogues on the guinea-pig ileum. 161 75

Immunoreactivity to the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was examined in nerves in the rat uterus as a prelude to studying their effects on uterine contractility. With immunocytochemical techniques, SP immunoreactivity (SP-I) and CGRP-I were localized in myometrial nerves throughout the uterine horns, with nerves immunoreactive for CGRP being the more numerous. Immunocytochemical double labeling studies revealed SP coexisted with CGRP in a subpopulation of CGRP-I nerve fibers, i.e., SP-I was not present in all CGRP-I nerves. Effects of these neuropeptides on uterine contractility were examined on in vitro preparations of uterine horns from diethylstilbestrol-treated rats. SP (10(-4) to 10(-8) M) stimulated uterine contraction in a dose-related manner. CGRP(1-37) and CGRP(8-37) had no effect on basal uterine tension. While CGRP(1-37) (10(-7) M) reduced SP-stimulated (10(-5) M) uterine contraction by 56%, CGRP(8-37) had no effect on SP-stimulated uterine contraction. However, CGRP(8-37) (10(-6) M) significantly reduced the ability of CGRP(1-37) (10(-7) M) to inhibit SP-stimulated uterine contraction. These results demonstrate that SP- and CGRP-I are present in, and coexist in some uterine nerves, presumably afferent nerves. The first 7 amino acids are necessary for the inhibitory effect of CGRP(1-37) on stimulated uterine contraction. In addition, CGRP(8-37) acted as an antagonist to this inhibitory action. SP and CGRP could be coreleased from afferent fibers in an "efferent fashion" and influence uterine contractility. SP having a contractile effect and CGRP having a relaxing effect.
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PMID:Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity in nerves of the rat uterus: localization, colocalization and effects on uterine contractility. 171 56

The NK3 agonist, senktide, induced a potent contraction of rat uterus in the presence of tetrodotoxin, atropine and indomethacin, or the tachykinin receptor antagonists L-659877 and [D-Pro4,D-Trp7,9,10]substance P (4-11). Additional contractile and radioligand binding studies with receptor selective agonists and antagonists confirmed the presence of NK3 receptors and also revealed the presence of NK1 and NK2 receptors. The rat uterus is the second peripheral tissue in which a post-synaptic, non-neuronal NK3 receptor has been identified.
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PMID:The presence of NK3 tachykinin receptors on rat uterus. 172 57

Various peptide derivatives of the C-terminal decapeptide of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP-10) and neuromedin B (NMB), i.e., carboxyl terminal fragments, amino terminal fragments and substituted analogues, were chemically synthesized and the structure-activity relationships of the peptides were investigated by comparing their contractile activities on the rat uterus. Peptides with chain lengths of 8 and 9 amino acid residues from the C-terminus of GRP-10 and NMB, respectively, had considerable contractile activities. At position 6 of both decapeptides, Val seems to be more favourable than Thr for inducing contraction of the rat uterus. The substitution of His at position 3 and Leu at position 9 of GRP-10 by Leu and Phe, as in NMB leads to a decrease in activity. Moreover, Trp at position 4 and -Met-NH2 at the C-terminus are essential for activity. Furthermore, in order to characterize the bombesin-receptor profile of rat uterus, the inhibitory effect of two peptide antagonists, [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P and [Leu13-phi (CH2NH)-Leu14]-bombesin on the contraction of rat uterus were examined.
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PMID:Structure-activity relationships of mammalian bombesin-like neuropeptides in the contraction of rat uterus. 192 98

Standard enzyme cytochemical and indirect immunocytochemical techniques have been used in conjunction with light and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to visualize cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic nerve elements in whole-mount preparations of the amphibian urinary-bladder fluke, Gorgoderina vitelliloba. Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was localized in paired anterior ganglia, a connecting dorsal commissure and in the origins of the ventral nerve cords. Cholinergic ganglia were also evident in shelled embryos in the uterus. Serotonin-immunoreactivity (IR) was more extensive than ChE activity and was identified in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Serotoninergic nerve fibres were associated with the somatic musculature and female reproductive ducts. Antisera to nine mammalian peptides and one invertebrate (FMRFamide) peptide have been used to investigate the peptidergic nervous system in the parasite. Immunoreactivity was obtained to five peptides, namely pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP) and FMRFamide. Peptidergic nerve fibres were found to be more abundant than demonstrable cholinergic or serotoninergic nerve fibres. NPY-IR was identified only in the main components of the central nervous system. However, PP- and PYY-IR occurred in the anterior ganglia, dorsal commissure, main nerve cords and in numerous small varicose fibres that ramified throughout the worm. Additionally, PP-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found to innervate the musculature of the female reproductive tracts. Six sites of IR were found in the acetabulum, using antisera directed towards the C-terminal end of PP and PYY, and these matched with the distribution of six non-ciliated rosette-like papillae observed by scanning electron microscopy. SP- and FMRFamide-IR were identified in the CNS, and FMRFamide-immunopositive nerve fibres were also evident in association with the gonopore cirrus region and with the terminal excretory pore. Results are discussed with respect to possible roles for each of the neurochemical types.
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PMID:Cytochemical demonstration of cholinergic, serotoninergic and peptidergic nerve elements in Gorgoderina vitelliloba (Trematoda: Digenea). 204 May 70

1. The activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has been studied on functional parameters of intact isolated preparations of extrapulmonary tissues. The conversion of angiotensin I (A I) to angiotensin II (A II) and the cleavage of bradykinin (BK) were used as indicators of ACE activity. Captopril was employed as a specific inhibitor of ACE. 2. Captopril augmented the BK-induced contractions of the rat isolated uterus, the BK- and substance P-induced contractions of the guinea-pig ileum, and the BK-induced venoconstriction in the isolated perfused ear of the rabbit. Degradation of BK by ACE was calculated to be 52% in the rat uterus and 75% in the rabbit perfused ear. 3. Captopril inhibited the A I-induced contractions of the rat isolated colon, the A I-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused ear of the rabbit and the rise in blood pressure induced by i.a. injections of A I in pithed rats. Conversion of A I to A II was calculated to be 13% in the rat colon and 26% in the rabbit perfused ear. 4. From estimations of the A II activity (bioassay on the rat colon) in the effluent of the perfused ear of the rabbit after injections of A I into the arterial inflow cannula it was calculated that approximately one tenth of A I was converted to A II during a single passage through the ear (less than 15 s). 5. The present experiments suggest that the high activity of ACE in endothelium of blood vessels of extrapulmonary tissues may provide an additional (endothelium-dependent) local vasoconstrictor mechanism by the rapid formation of A II and inactivation of BK. The ACE activity in non-vascular smooth muscles, other than those of blood vessels, may also affect the physiological functions of these tissues.
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PMID:Demonstration of extrapulmonary activity of angiotensin converting enzyme in intact tissue preparations. 216 61


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