Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two pseudopeptide analogues [Bz-(RS)Phe8 psi (COCH2)Gly9]SP8-11 (I) and [pGlu6,(RS)Phe8 psi (COCH2)Gly9]SP6-11 (II) of the substance P related C-terminal hexapeptide [pGlu6]SP6-11 were prepared as follows. The pseudodipeptidic unit H(RS)Phe psi (COCH2)GlyOH was synthesized by using a modified Dakin-West reaction between Bz-Phe-OH and monomethyl succinoyl chloride. The N alpha-protected pseudopeptidic unit was then incorporated into the appropriate peptide by using various coupling methods. The two pseudopeptide analogues were purified, characterized, and tested for their biological activity and inhibitory effect on SP degrading enzymes. Analogue II was a full agonist contracting the isolated guinea pig ileum with a potency of 70% compared to the parent hexapeptide [pGlu6]SP6-11. It was also a potent inhibitor of SP degrading activity in rat diencephalon membranes with a Ki of 20 microM whereas analogue I was a weak inhibitor.
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PMID:Ketomethylene pseudopeptide analogues of substance P: synthesis and biological activity. 241 59

In 1963 Se-deficiency was observed for the first time in Denmark in a few sheep in West Jutland. The sheep were cured by injection of "Tokosel", and a survey of the Se-status of Danish fodder crops was initiated. A comprehensive set of data was produced during the early 70's, using the fluorometric method. The survey showed a general Se-deficiency in the whole country, and series of experiments were carried out to elucidate the possibility of raising the selenium level in plants from the native 0.02-0.04 ppm to more than the desired minimum of 0.05 ppm. Three different methods of application were tested: seed pretreatment, fertilizer enrichment, and foliar application. Seed pre-treatment has some disadvantages while the two other methods proved to be efficient and safe in a series of experiments and in tests on a large number of farms all over Denmark. These experiments and tests are discussed in detail. It is concluded that about 120 g Se/ha as sodium selenite, 10 g Se/ha as sodium selenate - both added through PK- or NPK-fertilizers, or foliar application of about 5 g Se/ha are sufficient yearly treatments to raise the native Se content of the Danish crops to levels of 0.05-0.1 ppm.
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PMID:Selenium fertilizers and foliar application, Danish experiments. 301 73

A number of plant species used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain have been selected from the medicinal and scientific literature of China, South America, Asia and West Africa. Extracts were prepared and tested in three in vitro receptor radioligand binding assays to determine whether there was an indication of biological activity, in particular their selectivity to a single receptor implicated in the mediation of pain. The three neuropeptide receptors chosen were Bradykinin (BK II), expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), neurokinin 1 (NK 1) expressed in astrocytoma cells, and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) which were all implicated in the mediation of acute pain in the mammaliancentral nervous system. The plant species chosen to investigate were Ageratum conyzoides, Barringtonia edulis, Croton tiglium, Ipomea pes-caprae, Panax ginseng, Physostigma venenosum, Sinomenium acutum, Solidago virgaurea, Symplocos leptophylla and Typhonium giganteum. The results showed that there was a strong indication of biological activity for some of the plants which are used ethnomedicinally to treat pain, in the three in vitro receptor binding assays used, and particular plant extracts exhibited selective action to a single receptor.
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PMID:Ethnomedicinally selected plants as sources of potential analgesic compounds: indication of in vitro biological activity in receptor binding assays. 1064 Oct 43

Ibogaine is an indolamine found in the West Africa shrub, Tabernanthe iboga, and has been proposed for the treatment of addiction to central nervous system (CNS) stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. The mechanism of ibogaine action and its suitability as a treatment for drug addiction still remains unclear. Since previous studies demonstrated differential effects of stimulants of abuse (amphetamines) on neuropeptide systems such as substance P, we examined the impact of ibogaine and cocaine on extrapyramidal (striatum and substantia nigra) and limbic (nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex) substance P-like immunoreactivity. Ibogaine and cocaine treatments altered substance P systems by increasing striatal and nigral substance P-like immunoreactivity concentration 12 h after the last drug treatment. However, substance P-like immunoreactivity content was not significantly increased in nucleus accumbens after treatment with either drug. The ibogaine- and cocaine-induced increases in substance P-like immunoreactivity in striatum and substantia nigra were blocked by coadministration of selective dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist (SCH 23390; R(+)-7-Chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine hydrochloride) or dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist (eticlopride; S(-)-3-Chloro-5-ethyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-2- methoxy-benzamide hydrochloride). Most of the responses by substance P systems to ibogaine administration resembled those caused by cocaine, except in cortical tissue where multiple administration of cocaine, but not ibogaine increased substance P-like immunoreactivity. These data suggest that substance P systems may contribute to the effects of ibogaine and cocaine treatment.
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PMID:Responses of the extrapyramidal and limbic substance P systems to ibogaine and cocaine treatments. 1070 15

Whether the cerebral or subcortical lesions are involved in the pathogenesis in infantile spasms (IS) remains to be determined. To investigate the functional lesions of the subcortical structures in IS, the brainstem expression of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and calcium-binding proteins in IS autopsy cases of lissencephaly and of perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE/IS) was investigated. The IS patients consisted of four subjects each of lissencephaly and HIE. They suffered from both West and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. The healthy and disease controls were composed of four subjects without neuromuscular disorders and six cases of HIE (HIE/C), neither of whom had the epileptic syndrome. In these subjects the expressions of tryptophan hydroxylase (TrH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), parvalbumin (PV), methionine-enkephalin (ME) and substance P (SP) were immunohistochemically determined in serial sections of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. The immunoreactivity of neurons and neuronal processes for TH was altered in the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter, locus ceruleus, and dorsal vagal nucleus in the patients. The HIE/IS cases showed reduced TrH-immunoreactivity in the medullary raphe nuclei. The brainstem auditory tract was poorly discernible on anti-PV immunostaining in the IS patients. The immunoreactivity for ME in the spinal trigeminal nucleus was severely affected in the IS patients, while that for SP was comparatively well preserved. It is suggested that the presence of common brainstem lesions in IS is irrespective of etiologies. It is intriguing that some of the changes seemed to be interrelated with the neurophysiological abnormalities being reported in IS patients.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of brainstem lesions in infantile spasms. 1121 Oct 54

We studied the suitability of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) application to submerged rice paddies in the perspective of metal pollution hazards associated with such materials. Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997, 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under submerged condition, at the Agriculture Experimental Farm, Calcutta University at Baruipur, West Bengal, India. The treatments consisted of control, no input; MSWC, at 60 kgNha(-1); well decomposed cow manure (DCM), at 60 kgNha(-1); MSWC (30 kgNha(-1)) +Urea (30 kgNha(-1)); DCM (30 kgNha(-1)) +U (30 kgNha(-1)) and Fertilizer, (at 60:30:30 NPK kgha(-1) through urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). Soil microbial biomass-C (MBC), MBC as percentage of organic-C (ratio index value, RIV), urease and acid phosphatase activities were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils, due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water soluble organic carbon, carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former. The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC, compared to their single applications. Soil MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities periodically declined up to 60 day after transplanting (DAT) and then increased after crop harvest. The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities of soil. In the event of long term MSWC application, changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly, since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period.
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PMID:Microbial biomass and enzyme activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure. 1592 49

Crop modeling can provide us with information about fertilizer dose to achieve the target yield, crop conditions, etc. Due to conventional and imbalanced fertilizer application, nutrient use efficiency in wheat is low. Estimation of fertilizer requirements based on quantitative approaches can assist in improving yields and nutrient use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted at 20 sites in eastern India (Nadia district of West Bengal) to assess the soil supply, requirement, and internal efficiency of N, P, K, and Zn in wheat. The data were used to calibrate the QUEFTS (Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils) model for site-specific, balanced fertilizer recommendations. The parameters of maximum accumulation (a) and maximum dilution (d) in wheat were calculated for N (35, 100), P (129, 738), K (17, 56), and Zn (21502, 140244). Grain yield of wheat showed statistically significant correlation with N (R2 = 0.937**), P (R2 = 0.901**), and K uptake (R2 = 0.801**). The NPK ratio to produce 1 tonne grain yield of wheat was calculated to be 4.9:1.0:8.9. The relationships between chemical properties and nutrient-supplying capacity of soils were also established. The model was validated using the data from four other experiments. Observed yields with different amounts of N, P, K, and Zn were in good agreement with the predicted values, suggesting that the validated QUEFTS model can be used for site-specific nutrient management of wheat.
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PMID:Simulation of fertilizer requirement for irrigated wheat in eastern India using the QUEFTS model. 1650 25

The field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) as a soil amendment on L-asparaginase (LA) and L-glutaminase (LG) activities. Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997, 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under a submerged condition, at the Agriculture Experimental Farm, Calcutta University at Baruipur, West Bengal, India. The treatments consisted of control, no input; MSWC, at 60 Kg N ha(- 1); well-decomposed cow manure (DCM), at 60 Kg N ha(- 1); MSWC (30 Kg N ha(- 1)) + Urea (U) (30 Kg N ha(- 1)); DCM (30 Kg N ha(- 1)) + U (30 Kg N ha(- 1)) and Fertilizer, (at 60:30:30 NPK kg ha(- 1)) through urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). LA and LG activities alone and their ratio with organic-C (ratio index value, RIV), straw and grain yield were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils, due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water-soluble organic carbon, carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former. The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC, compared to their single applications. The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence the above-measured activities of soil. In the event of long term MSWC application, changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly, since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period.
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PMID:L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase activities in submerged rice soil amended with municipal solid waste compost and decomposed cow manure. 1756 68

Use of eco-friendly area specific salt tolerant bioinoculants is better alternatives to chemical fertilizer for sustainable agriculture in coastal saline soils. We isolated diverse groups of diazotrophic bacteria from coastal saline soils of different forest and agricultural lands in the Sundarbans, West Bengal, India, to study their effect on crop productivity in saline soils. Phenotypic, biochemical and molecular identifications of the isolates were performed. The isolates produced indole acetic acid, phosphatase, and solubilized insoluble phosphates. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA identified the SUND_BDU1 strain as Agrobacterium and the strains SUND_LM2, Can4 and Can6 belonging to the genus Bacillus. The ARA activity, dinitrogen fixation and presence of nifH genes indicated they were diazotrophs. Field trials with these strains as bioinoculants were carried out during 2007-2009, with rice during August-December followed by Lady's finger during April-June. Microplots, amended with FYM inoculated with four bioinoculants individually were compared against sole FYM (5 t ha(-1)) and a sole chemical fertilizer (60:30:30 kg ha(-1) NPK) treated plot. The strain Can6 was by far the best performer in respect of yield attributes and productivity of studied crops.
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PMID:Characterization and crop production efficiency of diazotrophic bacterial isolates from coastal saline soils. 2159 39

Although organic carbon sequestration in agricultural soils has been recommended as a 'win-win strategy' for mitigating climate change and ensuring food security, great uncertainty still remains in identifying the relationships between soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop productivity. Using data from 17 long-term experiments in China we determined the effects of fertilization strategies on SOC stocks at 0-20cm depth in the North, North East, North West and South. The impacts of changes in topsoil SOC stocks on the yield and yield stability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) were determined. Results showed that application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK) plus animal manure over 20-30years significantly increased SOC stocks to 20-cm depth by 32-87% whilst NPK plus wheat/maize straw application increased it by 26-38% compared to controls. The efficiency of SOC sequestration differed between regions with 7.4-13.1% of annual C input into the topsoil being retained as SOC over the study periods. In the northern regions, application of manure had little additional effect on yield compared to NPK over a wide range of topsoil SOC stocks (18->50MgCha(-1)). In the South, average yield from manure applied treatments was 2.5 times greater than that from NPK treatments. Moreover, the yield with NPK plus manure increased until SOC stocks (20-cm depth) increased to ~35MgCha(-1). In the northern regions, yield stability was not increased by application of NPK plus manure compared to NPK, whereas in the South there was a significant improvement. We conclude that manure application and straw incorporation could potentially lead to SOC sequestration in topsoil in China, but beneficial effects of this increase in SOC stocks to 20-cm depth on crop yield and yield stability may only be achieved in the South.
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PMID:Effects of enhancing soil organic carbon sequestration in the topsoil by fertilization on crop productivity and stability: Evidence from long-term experiments with wheat-maize cropping systems in China. 2710 5


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