Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A defective histaminergic dilating system in the digital vasculature has been proposed for the pathophysiology of Raynaud's phenomenon but this is not supported by studies of digital intradermal responses to histamine or agents which cause histamine release. The vascular responses (measured by planimetry and laser Doppler flowmetry) of digital skin over the middle phalanx to intradermal histamine, compound 48/80 and Substance P have now been studied at low temperatures (because it is in the cold that Raynaud's phenomenon occurs) in normal controls and patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. A cold-related attenuation of mast cell histamine release by compound 48/80 was observed in both normal and Raynaud's subjects. These results do not support a major histaminergic defect in the pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon.
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PMID:Vascular responses to histamine at low temperatures in normal digital skin and Raynaud's phenomenon. 171 28

The pathophysiology of Raynaud's phenomenon is not well defined, but active cutaneous microvascular vasoconstriction and emptying must occur to account for the pallor and are reasons for studying the microvasculature. It has been proposed that there may be a defect in a local histamine vasodilator mechanism. The role of the peptidergic nervous system in Raynaud's phenomenon has not been previously investigated. To study the histaminergic and peptidergic axes in Raynaud's phenomenon, we measured the cutaneous microvascular responses of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon to digital intradermal injections of saline, histamine, the histamine-releasing agent, compound 48/80, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. We compared these results with those obtained in normal subjects. Intradermal cutaneous microvascular blood flow responses were quantified by planimetry and laser Doppler flowmetry. The results show: a) that in primary Raynaud's phenomenon there is no evidence of local deficiency in histamine release or insensitivity to histamine in the cutaneous microvasculature; and b) that patients with Raynaud's phenomenon react normally to the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, providing a rationale for treating Raynaud's phenomenon with vasoactive peptides.
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PMID:Digital cutaneous vascular responses to histamine and neuropeptides in Raynaud's phenomenon. 200 51

In 30 patients with diagnosed fibromyalgia, the CSF level of immunoreactive substance P (SP) was investigated. Compared to normal values (9.6 +/- 3.2 fmol/ml), all the patients had elevated CSF levels of SP (36.1 +/- 2.7 fmol/ml, range 16.5-79.1 fmol/ml). Anamnestic information from the patients revealed that 53.3% had Raynaud/Raynaud-like phenomenon localized in the fingers, the toes or both. Although SP levels did not differ significantly in patients with or without the Raynaud phenomenon, elevated activity may be present in the peripheral branches of SP neurons which could be responsible for the last (rubor) phase of the triphasic Raynaud's phenomenon. SP levels were significantly higher in patients who were smokers (40.1 +/- 2.7 fmol/ml, range 25.3-64.1 fmol/ml), compared to patients who were non-smokers (29.2 +/- 5.0 fmol/ml, range 16.5-79.1 fmol/ml). We propose elevated CSF levels of SP and the Raynaud phenomenon as characteristic features for fibromyalgia with potential as diagnostic markers of the disease and further that smoking might be an aggravating factor for its pathogenesis or development.
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PMID:Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for diagnosis. 244 29

Vascular endothelial cells have been identified as a source of substance P (SP) which may act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to bring about nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation and mitogen-induced cell division or immunologic and inflammatory responses. Whilst SP is localised in and released from endothelial cells, an endothelial mRNA expression of SP has not previously been shown. In the present study, mRNA expression of SP in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells is demonstrated using in situ hybridisation techniques with enhancement procedures. Incubation of microvascular endothelial cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) under conditions of increased shear stress increases the mRNA expression and release of SP Endothelin (ET) release is also enhanced. These changes are pertinent to circulatory, events that may occur in Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis.
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PMID:Regulation of substance P mRNA expression in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. 1534 93

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread mechanical tenderness, fatigue, nonrefreshing sleep and depressed mood. Several biological abnormalities have been described in FM patients, including elevated substance P in the cerebrospinal fluid, increased CNS sensitivity to painful and nonpainful stimuli and pervasive dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Such ANS abnormalities include, but are not limited to: tachycardia, postural intolerance, Raynaud's phenomenon, and diarrhea or constipation. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of FM patients can be used to assess ANS dysfunction, specifically related to sympathovagal balance, which has provided evidence for nonabating sympathetic hyperactivity in this chronic pain population. Although not specific for FM, ANS dysfunction can be readily determined by HRV analysis requiring only computer analysis of electrocardiogram recordings by commercially available software. HRV has been shown to correlate with FM pain and is sensitive to change; in particular, pain related to physical and mental stressors. Thus, ANS dysfunction as assessed by HRV analysis may serve as a useful biomarker, and may become part of future FM diagnostic criteria and serve as a surrogate end point in clinical trials.
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PMID:Heart rate variability as a biomarker of fibromyalgia syndrome. 1989 Apr 37