Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intranasal blood flow is regulated not only by autonomic but also by sensory nervous systems. Sensory neurotransmitters are reported to control resistance vessels. Our investigation of intranasal vasoactivity before and after applying sensory neurotransmitters was conducted using acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry is a modern method of evaluating the cross-sectional area and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that it is a non-traumatic procedure, minimal time is required for measurements and reliability is high. In the present experiment, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were used as the sensory neurotransmitters. Six males (26-39 years old), without nasal abnormalities, were examined for one hour with acoustic rhinometry before and after administration of these transmitters. Nose drops of these preparations were introduced into one nasal cavity of each candidates, while in the head tilt position. After application of nose drops, both sides were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry in regard to minimal cross sectional area (MCSA) and nasal volume. Both CGRP and SP decreased the MCSA and volume on the applied side within ten minutes, which was followed by a plateau level for 1 hour. The opposite sides showed no significant change in either MCSA or volume. Changes in the MCSA ratio increased dose-dependently as the concentration of CGRP or SP increased. Changes in the volume ratio decreased when the concentration of SP was increased from 10(-8) to 10(-7) M, while it converted and then rose at 10(-6) M. CGRP has a potent vasodilator effect on vascular smooth muscles. SP also induces relaxation of vascular tone via endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Vasoactivity of human nasal mucosa in response to sensory neurotransmitters (a study of nasal geometrical change with acoustic rhinometry)]. 752 Apr 89

Irritative toxic rhinitis is a nasal disorder induced by chemical compounds like ozone, formaldehyde, nickel, chrome, solvents and tobacco smoke. These noxious stimuli may have effects on the nasal innervation leading to a cascade of neuro-immune interactions and an augmentation of the symptoms. Here we examined changes in the neuropeptide content of mucosal parasympathetic, sympathetic and sensory nerves of patients with toxic rhinitis caused by chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry using antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was carried out on cryostat sections of human nasal mucosa obtained from normal subjects and patients with toxic rhinitis and revealed significant differences between both groups. Toxic rhinitis patients had significantly elevated expression scores for VIP (2.83 +/- 0.31 vs 1.27 +/- 0.47 control group) and NPY (3.17 +/- 0.31 vs 0.91 +/- 0.37 control group) revealing an increase of mediators in distinct subpopulations of airway nerves. In summary, the present studies indicate a differential participation of subclasses of mucosal nerves in the pathophysiology of toxic rhinitis. Airway innervation may have a major role in the pathophysiology of toxic rhinitis associated with chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
 ...
PMID:Toxic rhinitis-induced changes of human nasal mucosa innervation. 1274 21