Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper summarizes results of a series of experiments dealing with the effects of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) on avoidance learning and habituation. Several doses of SP (0.5, 5, 50, 100, 250, 500 micrograms/kg) were administered posttrial intraperitoneally (IP). Three inhibitory one-trial avoidance tasks were used; uphill, step-down and step-through (alcove). Habituation was measured in an open field by recording the number of rearings. The posttrial injection of SP facilitated avoidance responses as well as reduced rearing in a dose- and time-dependent way. Pretraining and pretest injections (IP) of naloxone facilitated avoidance behavior and potentiated the action of SP, also in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that: a) peripheral posttraining administration of SP enhances memory; b) SP facilitates not only aversive or positively motivated learning tasks, but also habituation, which is a form of learning that involves neither positive nor negative reinforces; c) SP does not exert its effect by a long-lasting proactive action on performance during the testing trial; d) naloxone potentiates the SP posttraining effect. These data, therefore, suggest that memory-enhancing effects of SP are, at least in part, mediated via interactions between this peptide and endogenous opioid systems.
 ...
PMID:Facilitation of memory by peripheral administration of substance P and naloxone using avoidance and habituation learning tasks. 170 18

Dental treatments sometimes cause sensory impairment, especially in the region innervated by the third division of the trigeminal nerve. The most frequent symptoms are loss of sensation and abnormal sensation. Although most studies have addressed the neuropathic symptom "allodynia" using experimental animal models of the infraorbital nerve, there is little information regarding the sensory impairment that frequently occurs clinically. Therefore, different experimental models are required to clarify the mechanisms of the clinical effects, and previous experimental models have been limited to rats. Here, we report a sensory impairment model in mice whose mechanical touch threshold increased after tight ligation of the mental nerve. Habituation before surgery by mechanical touching of the face enabled us to observe the long-term chronological changes in sensation. The mechanical touch thresholds within the mental nerve region were measured for 70 postoperative (PO) days. Changes in the distribution of substance P (SP) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to clarify the involvement of axonal flow in the sensory impairment and its recovery. The mechanical touch thresholds transiently increased by PO days 2-3, but decreased to the preoperative levels at around PO day 14. Apparent SP immunoreactivity was recognizable on the medial side to the ligation at PO days 2-3 and disappeared at PO day 7. These behavioural and immunohistochemical changes appeared to exhibit similar time courses, suggesting a possible relationship between them. Therefore, we suggest that our experimental mouse model could represent a new model for clarifying the mechanism of the sensory impairment caused by peripheral nerve injury.
 ...
PMID:Behavioural and histological observations of sensory impairment caused by tight ligation of the trigeminal nerve in mice. 1940 17