Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gross anatomy and autonomic innervation of the ventral prostate glands was examined in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The most striking finding was the consistent reduction in size and the gross atrophy of the prostates from diabetic rats. No change was detected in the total content of noradrenaline in the alveolar lobes or in the levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y and substance P in the whole prostates of diabetic rats. However, histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations revealed localized reductions in density and/or fluorescence intensity of noradrenaline-containing nerve fibres and increased density and/or fluorescence intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibres in the alveolar smooth muscle of a majority of diabetic animals. No changes in acetylcholinesterase-staining nerve fibres were seen. The adrenergic component of the autonomic nervous system in this gland appears to be particularly susceptible to change in diabetes.
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PMID:Histochemical and biochemical investigation of adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic innervation of the rat ventral prostate 8 weeks after streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 244 38

This study examined the axonal transport of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) and its content in dorsal root ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, stomach and ileum of non-diabetic rats and two groups of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 9 months duration. One diabetic group received the aldose reductase inhibitor 'Statil' throughout the period of study. To reduce morbidity all diabetic animals were given twice-weekly injections of a long-acting insulin which restricted weight loss but did not prevent regular and severe hyperglycaemia. Axonal transport of SPLI was studied by measurement of accumulation at 12 h ligatures on the left sciatic nerve. There were no differences between the 3 groups either in the calculated anterograde and retrograde mean rates of accumulation (ranges 6.0 to 7.6 and 0.38 to 0.72 mm/h respectively) or mobile fractions of SPLI (means from 0.54 to 0.58). There were, however, marked reductions in anterograde and retrograde accumulations of SPLI in the constricted nerves of the 'untreated' diabetics (respectively 57 and 33% of controls; P less than 0.01 for both). In the 'Statil'-treated rats these deficits were attenuated (80 and 75% of controls). Diabetes also reduced the SPLI content of unligated sciatic nerve and trigeminal ganglion (65 and 75% of controls). 'Statil' prevented the deficit in the ganglion, but not in the nerve. 'Statil' treatment prevented the myo-inositol depletion and attenuated the sorbitol and fructose accumulation seen in the sciatic nerves of the untreated diabetic animals suggesting effective inhibition of aldose reductase in this tissue. The total SPLI content of the stomach and 1-cm segments of ileum were unaltered in the diabetic animals but due to the increased weights of these tissues the SPLI content per unit weight was reduced. These changes were unaffected by 'Statil'.
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PMID:Axonal transport and tissue contents of substance P in rats with long-term streptozotocin-diabetes. Effects of the aldose reductase inhibitor 'statil'. 244 12

This study measured the accumulation of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) proximal and distal to 12-h constricting ligatures applied to rat sciatic nerves. There were three separate experiments, and the baseline for each consisted of control and age-matched rats with 3 wk of untreated streptozocin-induced diabetes. We compared the effects of twice-daily insulin treatment, daily sorbinil (25 mg.kg-1.day-1 p.o.), and a combination of both treatments. In untreated diabetic rats the anterograde accumulation of SPLI was reduced by 30-40%. This deficit was unaffected by sorbinil alone but was attenuated by insulin and prevented completely by insulin and sorbinil combined. There were also indications that diabetes caused reductions in retrograde accumulation of SPLI and its content in unconstricted nerve and the L4 dorsal root ganglion. The fraction of SPLI undergoing net anterograde or retrograde movement and the velocities of accumulation were unaffected by diabetes or the treatment regimens. These findings indicate a reduction in the amount of substance P moved by axonal transport in diabetic rats that is related partly to aldose reductase activity and partly to some other insulin-correctable consequence of experimental diabetes.
Diabetes 1988 Apr
PMID:Deficient axonal transport of substance P in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Effects of sorbinil and insulin. 245 10

The effect of progression of diabetes on adrenergic, serotonergic, and peptidergic innervation of the proximal colon of the rat at 8, 16, and 25 wk after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin was investigated using immunohistochemical, biochemical, and immunochemical methods. Two different responses to diabetes emerged from the present study. The first response, which involves noradrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide, was characterized by a sign of degeneration, where there was an initial increase in tissue level and immunoreactivity of the transmitters followed by a decrease in tissue level and density of nerve fibers at 16 and 25 wk after induction of diabetes. The second response, which involves 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, was characterized by changes in tissue level and immunoreactivity of the transmitters with no evidence of degeneration. The third feature was one of resistance to change due to diabetes, which was demonstrated by neuropeptide Y-containing nerves, where there was neither a change in tissue level of neuropeptide Y nor a change in immunoreactivity. It seems likely that the overall changes described will have profound implications in the function of the gut in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat model that may have some parallels in diabetic humans.
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PMID:Progressive changes in adrenergic, serotonergic, and peptidergic nerves in proximal colon of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 245 87

The distribution of adrenergic and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neuropeptide Y- and substance P-immunoreactive nerves was studied histochemically and immunohistochemically in the irides of rats 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. In the control animals, catecholamine-containing, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found in the constrictor pupillae, dilator muscle and the ciliary processes. They also formed perivascular nerve plexuses of blood vessels in the dilator muscle. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were only observed in the dilator muscle and ciliary processes. In the irides from diabetic animals, a considerable increase was observed in the fluorescence intensity and/or density of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves. Some varicosities of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves appeared enlarged. In contrast, no apparent change in the density and/or fluorescence intensity of catecholamine-containing, neuropeptide Y- and substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres was observed in the irides from diabetic animals when compared with controls. The results are discussed in relation to the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy of the irides in diabetes.
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PMID:An increase of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, but not neuropeptide Y-, substance P- or catecholamine-containing nerves in the iris of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 246 63

A disturbed intraduodenal milieu and pancreatic scarring in advanced chronic pancreatitis (CP) may lead to changes of gut and pancreatic hormones. In the present study, the gastroduodenal mucosal content of several regulatory peptides was determined in 8 patients with severe calcific CP and 8 healthy volunteers. In addition, hormone release into the bloodstream was estimated after intraduodenal acid/glucose stimulation in the control subjects and 8 CP patients each with or without secondary diabetes mellitus (DM), and in 8 patients with juvenile DM, so that disturbed gut hormone release could be attributed either to CP or DM. While VIP release into the circulation was similar in all participants, mucosal levels of VIP and substance P were significantly elevated in the duodenal bulb and descending duodenum of CP patients. The somatostatin content of gastroduodenal mucosa in CP was at least as high as in normals. Gastrin was significantly more abundant only in the duodenal bulb of CP patients, while plasma gastrin was normal. Duodenal CCK concentrations tended to be elevated in the duodenal bulb, but not significantly. The release of secretin seemed to be higher in type-1 diabetics than in CP patients. The mucosal pattern of GIP was nearly identical in CP patients and controls. Compatible with this finding, the GIP release did not show any peculiarities in CP with or without DM or in DM. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of motilin were abnormally high in CP. Pancreatic polypeptide plasma levels were normal in DM, but significantly reduced in CP, especially in CP with DM. Fasting PP and stimulated pancreatic enzyme outputs were linearly related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus: plasma and gastroduodenal mucosal profiles of regulatory peptides (gastrin, motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin, VIP, substance P, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, enteroglucagon, neurotensin). 246 85

This study was performed on male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus of 11 months duration. There were two diabetic groups; both were given a long-acting insulin twice weekly to reduce morbidity. One group received no additional treatment whilst the other was given the aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil, by dietary admixture (approximate dose was 30 mg/day/kg body weight). At the end of the protocol the lenses of the diabetic rats given insulin alone showed markedly reduced dry weight (70% of controls; p less than 0.01) with increased water content (152% of controls; p less than 0.01). Both of these changes were absent from the lenses of the sorbinil-treated diabetic rats. Lenses from both groups of diabetic rats had elevated glucose contents, with greater levels in the group which received insulin alone. Polyol pathway metabolites were also raised in the diabetic lenses, though sorbinil treatment had markedly attenuated sorbitol accumulation without affecting fructose levels. Lens myo-inositol was almost absent from the diabetic rats which received only insulin (6% of control levels relative to lens dry weight; p less than 0.01). This depletion was substantially attenuated, but not prevented in the sorbinil-treated group (58% of control levels). In the iris the noradrenaline and adrenaline contents were unaltered in either diabetic group. In startling contrast, the iris content of substance P-like immunoreactivity was almost trebled in the insulin alone-treated diabetic rats (282% of controls; p less than 0.01), an effect which was prevented completely by sorbinil (127% of controls; not significantly different).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of sorbinil treatment in rats with chronic streptozotocin-diabetes; changes in lens and in substance P and catecholamines in the iris. 247 May 51

This study measured the content of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in peripheral nervous tissue (lumbar dorsal root ganglia, sciatic nerve), skin (snout, foot), gastrointestinal tract (stomach, terminal ileum) and in the atria of the heart. Animals studied were long-term (11 months) streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared with age-matched control rats. All diabetic rats were given a very long acting insulin preparation twice weekly to reduce morbidity. Half of the diabetic rats were given the aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil (mean dose 30 mg/kg/day body weight by dietary admixture) over the entire protocol. Diabetic rats (given insulin only) showed marked accumulation of sorbitol and fructose together with myo-inositol depletion in their sciatic nerves. The sciatic nerves of the sorbinil-treated diabetic rats contained amounts of sorbitol, fructose and myo-inositol which were similar to those of non-diabetic rats, in spite of large amounts of nerve glucose in the sorbinil-treated animals. Thus, the inhibition of aldose reductase was successful. The L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia of the diabetic rats showed reduced SPLI (63% and 72% respectively of control ganglia; P less than 0.05). There was also numerical reduction in sciatic nerve SPLI (84% of control nerve). There were no effects of sorbinil treatment on the reduced SPLI levels in ganglia or sciatic nerve. In the gastrointestinal tract the levels of SPLI were reduced in diabetic rats even when data were adjusted to take account of tissue hypertrophy (diabetic SPLI/whole stomach was 60% controls, P less than 0.01 and SPLI/cm ileum was 78%, though the latter did not attain statistical significance). In skin SPLI/unit area was raised in the diabetic rats to 145% of controls for foot skin and 151% for snout skin. Changes in SPLI content of gastrointestinal tract were unaffected by sorbinil treatment; in the skin the elevations were enhanced to 188% and 270% of respective control values for foot and snout skin. The SPLI content of the atria was unaffected by diabetes or sorbinil. These data are not consistent with a generalised impairment of delivery of substance P by axonal transport in experimental diabetes; special factors appear to influence the levels in neurones innervating different tissues. Exaggerated flux through the polyol pathway appears to be uninvolved.
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PMID:Substance P levels in peripheral nerve, skin, atrial myocardium and gastrointestinal tract of rats with long-term diabetes mellitus. Effects of aldose reductase inhibition. 247 71

The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the function and pattern of innervation of the rat parotid gland were investigated. An in vitro preparation was used to measure amylase release and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the innervation of the gland. Basal amylase release and the response to field stimulation were reduced in diabetic animals. In the presence of atropine or a propranolol/phentolamine mixture both control and diabetic responses were attenuated. When all 3 antagonists were present the response to field stimulation (non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic [NANC] response) was about 30% of maximal in untreated rats but virtually abolished in diabetic animals. Substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) all stimulated amylase release in untreated rats. However, in diabetic rats the responses to all 3 peptides were reduced. No differences in staining were observed between control and diabetic rats with antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P. VIP or calcitonin gene-related peptide. In contrast there was a marked reduction in NPY-like immunoreactivity in the acinar tissue of diabetic rats. These data suggest that the diabetic rats had a failure of NANC transmission which appears to be due to a reduced NPY innervation and a lack of responsiveness to peptidergic (SP, VIP and NPY) agonists.
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PMID:The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the peptidergic innervation and function of the rat parotid gland. 247 75

Standardised skin biopsies followed by immunohistochemical examination for the presence of terminal nerve fibres reacting for neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were evaluated. Healthy subjects regularly displayed free nerve endings of both fibre types in the papillary and reticular dermis. Both fibre types were present close to blood vessels, while CGRP immunoreactive fibres were more often encountered near sweat gland acini compared to SP fibres. Diabetes mellitus complicated by polyneuropathy was accompanied by marked reduction of SP and CGRP reactive fibres in the dermis layers. Five type I diabetes patients without clinical or neurophysiological evidence of polyneuropathy also had reduced density of both fibre types, being significant for CGRP fibres when compared with controls. Skin biopsy with immunohistochemical staining for neuropeptides may represent a sensitive tool in evaluation of patients with peripheral neuropathies.
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PMID:Nerve fibre studies in skin biopsies in peripheral neuropathies. I. Immunohistochemical analysis of neuropeptides in diabetes mellitus. 248 Apr


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